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Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activity of Extracts from Prunus persica. SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9050107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The demand for skin-whitening agents is high across the world, including Asian countries. An extensive screening using a tyrosinase inhibition assay was performed in order to discover novel plant materials. In our research program investigating a safe and effective agent, 50% ethanolic extracts prepared from discarded parts of Prunus persica were screened for in vitro tyrosinase inhibitory activity. Among the extracts tested, twig extract showed the most potent inhibitory activity: 38% inhibition at 500 µg/mL. The investigation of active compounds in twig extract found four flavanones that acted as moderate inhibitors, including (−)-prunin, persiconin, (+)-dihydrokaempferol, and (−)-naringenin. These compounds were only observed in the twig extract following preliminary quantification by HPLC, with the following concentrations: (−)-prunin, 1.8 mg/g sample; persiconin, 0.8 mg/g sample; (+)-dihydrokaempferol, 0.8 mg/g sample; (−)-naringenin, 1.7 mg/g sample. These results suggest that twig extracts can be more useful for skin-whitening compared with other parts of the plant. In addition, a new constituent of twig extract was identified, namely isoquercitrin, which suggests that twig extract can be a potent source of flavones and flavanones. Further studies on the identification of novel compounds from twig extract are now underway in our laboratory.
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Cheong KA, Kil IS, Ko HW, Lee AY. Upregulated Guanine Deaminase Is Involved in Hyperpigmentation of Seborrheic Keratosis via Uric Acid Release. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212501. [PMID: 34830382 PMCID: PMC8625227 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Seborrheic keratosis, which is a benign tumor composed of epidermal keratinocytes, develops common in the elderly. Uric acid generated by upregulated guanine deaminase (GDA) has been identified to cause UV-induced keratinocyte senescence in seborrheic keratosis. Seborrheic keratosis is also frequently pigmented. Growing evidences indicate that hyperuricemia is a risk factor of acanthosis nigricans, an acquired skin hyperpigmentation. The objective of this study was to investigate role of GDA and its metabolic end product, uric acid, in hyperpigmentation of patients with seborrheic keratosis using their lesional and non-lesional skin specimen sets and cultured primary human epidermal keratinocytes with or without GDA overexpression or uric acid treatment. GDA-overexpressing keratinocytes or their conditioned media containing uric acid increased expression levels of MITF and tyrosinase in melanocytes. Uric acid released from keratinocytes was facilitated by ABCG2 transporter with the help of PDZK1 interaction. Released uric acid was taken by URAT1 transporter in melanocytes, stimulating melanogenesis through p38 MAPK activation. Overall, GDA upregulation in seborrheic keratosis plays a role in melanogenesis via its metabolic end product uric acid, suggesting that seborrheic keratosis as an example of hyperpigmentation associated with photoaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Ah Cheong
- Department of Dermatology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, 814 Siksa-dong, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 410-773, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
| | - In Sup Kil
- Basic Research & Innovation Division, Amorepacific Corporation R&D Center, Yongin-si 446-729, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
| | - Hyuk Wan Ko
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Ai-Young Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, 814 Siksa-dong, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 410-773, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-3-1961-7250
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Lee D, Qi Y, Kim R, Song J, Kim H, Kim HY, Jang DS, Kang KS. Methyl Caffeate Isolated from the Flowers of Prunus persica (L.) Batsch Enhances Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020279. [PMID: 33672801 PMCID: PMC7917615 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenolic compounds from natural products are considered effective enhancers of insulin secretion to prevent and treat type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The flowers of Prunus persica (L.) Batsch also contain many phenolic compounds. In this study, the extract of flowers of P. persica (PRPE) exhibited an insulin secretion effect in a glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) assay, which led us to isolate and identify the bioactive compound(s) responsible for these effects. Compounds isolated from PRPE were screened for their efficacy in INS-1 rat pancreatic β-cells. Among them, caffeic acid (5), methyl caffeate (6), ferulic acid (7), chlorogenic acid (8), naringenin (11), nicotiflorin (12), and astragalin (13) isolated from PRPE increased GSIS without inducing cytotoxicity. Interestingly, the GSIS effect of methyl caffeate (6) as a phenolic compound was similar to gliclazide, an antidiabetic sulfonylurea drug. Western blot assay showed that methyl caffeate (6) enhanced the related signaling proteins of the activated pancreatic and duodenal homeobox-1 (PDX-1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), but also the phosphorylation of the total insulin receptor substrate-2 (IRS-2), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), and Akt, which influence β-cell function and insulin secretion. This study provides evidence that methyl caffeate (6) isolated from PRPE may aid in the management of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahae Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea;
| | - Yutong Qi
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (Y.Q.); (R.K.)
| | - Ranhee Kim
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (Y.Q.); (R.K.)
| | - Jungbin Song
- Department of Herbal Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (J.S.); (H.K.)
| | - Hocheol Kim
- Department of Herbal Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (J.S.); (H.K.)
| | - Hyun Young Kim
- Department of Food Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 52725, Korea;
| | - Dae Sik Jang
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (Y.Q.); (R.K.)
- Correspondence: (D.S.J.); (K.S.K.); Tel.: +82-2-961-0719 (D.S.J.); +82-31-750-5402 (K.S.K.)
| | - Ki Sung Kang
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea;
- Correspondence: (D.S.J.); (K.S.K.); Tel.: +82-2-961-0719 (D.S.J.); +82-31-750-5402 (K.S.K.)
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Anti-Obesity Effects of a Prunus persica and Nelumbo nucifera Mixture in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113392. [PMID: 33158191 PMCID: PMC7694277 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prunus persica and Nelumbo nucifera are major crops cultivated worldwide. In East Asia, both P. persica flowers and N. nucifera leaves are traditionally used for therapeutic purposes and consumed as teas for weight loss. Herein, we investigated the anti-obesity effects of an herbal extract mixture of P. persica and N. nucifera (HT077) and the underlying mechanism using a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity model. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed a normal diet, HFD, HFD containing 0.02% orlistat (positive control), or HFD containing 0.1, 0.2, or 0.4% HT077 for 12 weeks. HT077 significantly reduced final body weights, weight gain, abdominal fat weights, liver weights, and hepatic levels of triglycerides and total cholesterol. HT077 also lowered glucose, cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and leptin levels and increased AST/ALT and adiponectin/leptin ratios and adiponectin levels. Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that HT077 decreased the expression of lipogenic genes and increased the expression of fatty acid oxidation-related genes in adipose tissue. Our results indicate that HT077 exerts anti-obesity effects and prevents the development of obesity-related metabolic disorders. These beneficial effects might be partially attributed to ameliorating adipokine imbalances and regulating lipid synthesis and fatty acid oxidation in adipose tissue.
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Zaid AN, Al Ramahi R. Depigmentation and Anti-aging Treatment by Natural Molecules. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:2292-2312. [PMID: 31269882 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190703153730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Natural molecules are becoming more accepted choices as cosmetic agents, many products in the market today claim to include natural components. Plants include many substances that could be of a value in the whitening of the skin and working as anti-aging agents. A wide range of articles related to natural skin whitening and anti-aging agents have been reviewed. Many plant-derived and natural molecules have shown to affect melanin synthesis by different mechanisms, examples include Arbutin, Ramulus mori extract, Licorice extract, Glabridin, Liquiritin, Kojic acid, Methyl gentisate, Aloesin, Azelaic acid, Vitamin C, Thioctic acid, Soya bean extracts, Niacinamide, α and β-hydroxy acids, Lactic acid, Chamomile extract, and Ellagic acid. Some of the widely used natural anti-aging products as natural antioxidants, collagen, hyaluronic acid, and coenzyme Q can counteract the effects of reactive oxygen species in skin cells and have anti-aging properties on the skin. It was concluded that many natural products including antioxidants can prevent UV-induced skin damage and have whitening and anti-aging effects. It is very important to develop and stabilize appropriate methods for the evaluation of the whitening and anti-aging capacity of natural products and their exact mechanism of action to ensure real efficacy based on evidence-based studies. The attention should be oriented on the formulations and the development of an appropriate vehicle to ensure suitable absorption of these natural products in addition to evaluating the suitable concentration of these molecules required having the desired effects without causing harmful side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel Naser Zaid
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestinian Territory, Occupied
| | - Rowa' Al Ramahi
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestinian Territory, Occupied
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Anti-Obesity Effects of the Flower of Prunus persica in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092176. [PMID: 31514294 PMCID: PMC6770263 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prunus persica (L.) Batsch is a deciduous fruit tree cultivated worldwide. The flower of P. persica (PPF), commonly called the peach blossom, is currently consumed as a tea for weight loss in East Asia; however, its anti-obesity effects have yet to be demonstrated in vitro or in vivo. Since PPF is rich in phytochemicals with anti-obesity properties, we aimed to investigate the effects of PPF on obesity and its underlying mechanism using a diet-induced obesity model. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed either normal diet, high-fat diet (HFD), or HFD containing 0.2% or 0.6% PPF water extract for 8 weeks. PPF significantly reduced body weight, abdominal fat mass, serum glucose, alanine transaminase and aspartate aminotransferase levels, and liver and spleen weights compared to the HFD control group. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that PPF suppressed lipogenic gene expression, including stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 and -2 and fatty acid synthase, and up-regulated the fatty acid β-oxidation gene, carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1, in the liver. Our results suggest that PPF exerts anti-obesity effects in obese mice and these beneficial effects might be mediated through improved hepatic lipid metabolism by reducing lipogenesis and increasing fatty acid oxidation.
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Jeong EJ, Jegal J, Chung KW, Noh SG, Chung HY, Nam YH, Kang TH, Kim SN, Yang MH. Hypolaetin-7- O-β-D-xyloside from Juniperus communis Fruits Inhibits Melanogenesis on Zebrafish Pigmentation. Nat Prod Commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1701201107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypolaetin-7- O-β-D-xyloside (1) is a naturally occurring flavonoid from Juniperus communis fruits. This study aimed to investigate anti-melanogenic effect of hypolaetin-7- O-β-D-xyloside on zebrafish pigmentation. The phenotype-based image analysis suggested that 1 suppressed the zebrafish pigmentation in a concentration-dependent manner (1-400 μM) as a reversible competitive inhibitor against the enzyme tyrosinase. According to the molecular docking simulation, the compound 1 interacted with residues His-263 of tyrosinase via hydrogen bonding. The present study provided direct experimental evidence for skin-lightening effect of 1 in an in vivo zebrafish model. Therapeutic attempts with the 1 might be useful in the management of skin pigmentation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ju Jeong
- Department of Agronomy & Medicinal Plant Resources, College of Life Sciences and Natural Resources, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 52725, South Korea
| | - Jonghwan Jegal
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Ki Wung Chung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Sang Gyun Noh
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Youn Hee Nam
- College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| | - Tong Ho Kang
- College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| | - Su-Nam Kim
- Natural Products Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung 25451, South Korea
| | - Min Hye Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
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Murata K, Ishida Y, Nishio A, Nakagawa S, Kawamoto H, Matsuda H. Screening of Spice Extracts Possessing Anti-Acetylcholinesterase Activity and Active Principle of Bitter Ginger, Rhizome of Zingiber zerumbet. Nat Prod Commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1701200713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In our research program for investigating anti-dementia agents from natural plant resources, we screened extracts from 15 spice samples. Among the plant extracts tested, ethyl acetate extract prepared from rhizome of Zingiber zerumbet showed potent activity. Activity-guided purification led to determination of afzelin and its acetylated compound as the active principles. Afzelin showed moderate inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase and may also be expected to possess anti-butyrylcholinesterase activity. This is the first report to reveal the anti-cholinesterase activities of ethyl acetate extract of Z. zerumbet and afzelin. Furthermore, Z. zerumbet may be a potential therapeutic agent for the improvement of dementia, especially Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Murata
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
- Antiaging Center, Kindai Universit,; 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ishida
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Arisa Nishio
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Sayaka Nakagawa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kawamoto
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Hideaki Matsuda
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
- Antiaging Center, Kindai Universit,; 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
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