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Probowati W, Koga S, Harada K, Nagano Y, Nagano AJ, Ishimaru K, Ohshima K, Fukuda S. RAD-Seq analysis of wild Japanese garlic (Allium macrostemon Bunge) growing in Japan revealed that this neglected crop was previously actively utilized. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16354. [PMID: 37773322 PMCID: PMC10541398 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43537-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Allium macrostemon Bunge, commonly referred to as "no-biru" in Japan, is a widespread wild onion species found across the country. Despite being deeply entwined in ancient Japanese culture, it remains an underutilized crop in Japan. Determining the origins of its domestic populations and understanding their genetic composition is crucial to highlighting the plant's historical significance in Japan. This study aims to bridge this knowledge gap by examining the genetic diversity of 47 A. macrostemon samples from various regions in Japan using RAD-Seq. Our analyses distinguished unique population structures, dividing the samples into three distinct groups: A, B, and C. Notably, groups A and B showed clear evidence of bulb propagation, while group C did not. Group C formed four subgroups: C1, C2, C3, and C4. Hybridization between subgroup C1 and either group A, B, or both, resulted in the emergence of subgroups C2, C3, and C4. Thus, groups A, B, and C1 are posited as the ancestral populations. Additionally, our morphological observations indicated distinct differences among these three groups. Our findings also suggest that human migration may have influenced the plant's distribution, hinting at active usage in the past that later waned, causing its current underutilized status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiwit Probowati
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
- Center for Education and Research in Agricultural Innovation, Saga University, Saga, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Shogo Koga
- Center for Education and Research in Agricultural Innovation, Saga University, Saga, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Kentaro Harada
- Center for Education and Research in Agricultural Innovation, Saga University, Saga, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Yukio Nagano
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
- Analytical Research Center for Experimental Sciences, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Atsushi J Nagano
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ryukoku University, Otsu, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Kanji Ishimaru
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Kazusato Ohshima
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Shinji Fukuda
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.
- Center for Education and Research in Agricultural Innovation, Saga University, Saga, Japan.
- Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga, Japan.
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Kadyrbayeva G, Zagórska J, Grzegorczyk A, Gaweł-Bęben K, Strzępek-Gomółka M, Ludwiczuk A, Czech K, Kumar M, Koch W, Malm A, Głowniak K, Sakipova Z, Kukula-Koch W. The Phenolic Compounds Profile and Cosmeceutical Significance of Two Kazakh Species of Onions: Alliumgalanthum and A. turkestanicum. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26185491. [PMID: 34576960 PMCID: PMC8467033 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous species of Allium genus have been used in the traditional medicine based on their vast biological effects, e.g., antimicrobial, digestion stimulant, anti-sclerotic, soothing, antiradical or wound healing properties. In this work, unpolar and polar extracts from two lesser-investigated species of Allium growing in Kazakhstan, Alliumgalanthum Kar. & Kir. (AG) and A. turkestanicum Regel. (AT), were studied for their composition and biological effects. In the HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS analyses of water and alcoholic extracts simple organic acids, flavonoids and their glycosides were found to be the best represented group of secondary metabolites. On the other hand, in the GC-MS analysis diethyl ether, extracts were found to be rich sources of straight-chain hydrocarbons and their alcohols, fatty acids and sterols. The antimicrobial activity assessment showed a lower activity of polar extracts, however, the diethyl ether extract from AT bulbs and AG chives showed the strongest activity against Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, B. cereus ATCC 10876, some species of Staphylococcus (S. aureus ATCC 25923 and S. epidermidis ATCC 12228) and all tested Candida species (Candida albicans ATCC 2091, Candida albicans ATCC 10231, Candida glabrata ATCC 90030, Candida krusei ATCC 14243 and Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019) with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.125–0.5 mg/mL. The highest antiradical capacity exhibited diethyl ether extracts from AG bulbs (IC50 = 19274.78 ± 92.11 mg Trolox eq/g of dried extract) in DPPH assay. In ABTS scavenging assay, the highest value of mg Trolox equivalents, 50.85 ± 2.90 was calculated for diethyl ether extract from AT bulbs. The same extract showed the highest inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase (82.65 ± 1.28% of enzyme activity), whereas AG bulb ether extract was the most efficient murine tyrosinase inhibitor (54% of the enzyme activity). The performed tests confirm possible cosmeceutical applications of these plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulnara Kadyrbayeva
- School of Pharmacy, Kazakh National Medical University (KazNMU), Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan; (G.K.); (Z.S.)
| | - Justyna Zagórska
- Chair and Department of Food and Nutrition, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (J.Z.); (W.K.)
| | - Agnieszka Grzegorczyk
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Katarzyna Gaweł-Bęben
- Department of Cosmetology, University of Information Technology and Management, 35-225 Rzeszów, Poland; (K.G.-B.); (M.S.-G.); (K.C.); (K.G.)
| | - Marcelina Strzępek-Gomółka
- Department of Cosmetology, University of Information Technology and Management, 35-225 Rzeszów, Poland; (K.G.-B.); (M.S.-G.); (K.C.); (K.G.)
| | - Agnieszka Ludwiczuk
- Independent Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Karolina Czech
- Department of Cosmetology, University of Information Technology and Management, 35-225 Rzeszów, Poland; (K.G.-B.); (M.S.-G.); (K.C.); (K.G.)
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai 400019, India;
| | - Wojciech Koch
- Chair and Department of Food and Nutrition, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (J.Z.); (W.K.)
| | - Anna Malm
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Kazimierz Głowniak
- Department of Cosmetology, University of Information Technology and Management, 35-225 Rzeszów, Poland; (K.G.-B.); (M.S.-G.); (K.C.); (K.G.)
| | - Zuriyadda Sakipova
- School of Pharmacy, Kazakh National Medical University (KazNMU), Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan; (G.K.); (Z.S.)
| | - Wirginia Kukula-Koch
- Chair and Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical University in Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence:
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Kothari D, Lee WD, Kim SK. Allium Flavonols: Health Benefits, Molecular Targets, and Bioavailability. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E888. [PMID: 32961762 PMCID: PMC7555649 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Allium species are revered worldwide as vegetables, condiments, and spices as well as the therapeutic agents in traditional medicine. The bioactive compounds in alliums mainly include organosulfur compounds, polyphenols, dietary fibers, and saponins. Flavonoids, particularly flavonols from alliums, have been demonstrated to have the antioxidant, anticancer, hypolipidemic, anti-diabetic, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, and antimicrobial activities. However, flavonols are mostly characterized from onions and have not been comprehensively reviewed across different species. This article therefore focuses on flavonol profiles from different Allium species, their health effects, underlying molecular mechanisms, and bioavailability. Intriguingly, the functional health effects of flavonols were mainly ascribed to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities involving a cascade of multiple signaling pathways. Although the Allium-derived flavonols offer tremendous potential in preventing chronic disease risks, in-depth studies are needed to translate their clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Soo-Ki Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (D.K.); (W.-D.L.)
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Usui A, Matsuo Y, Tanaka T, Ohshima K, Fukuda S, Mine T, Nakayama H, Ishimaru K. Ferulic Acid Esters of Oligo-glucose from Allium macrostemon. Nat Prod Commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1701200125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new ferulic acid esters of oligo-glucose, 1- O- (E)-feruloyl-β-D-gentiobioside (1) and 1- O-( E)-feruloyl-{β-D-glucopyranosyl (1→6)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl (1→2)]}-β-D-glucopyranoside (allimacronoid D, 2) were isolated together with 1- O-( E)-feruloyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (3) and trans-ferulic acid (4) from the leaves of Allium macrostemon Bunge. The chemical structures were elucidated based on the analyses of the spectroscopic and chemical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Usui
- Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, 1 Honjo, Saga 840-8502, Japan
| | - Yosuke Matsuo
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Takashi Tanaka
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Kazusato Ohshima
- Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, 1 Honjo, Saga 840-8502, Japan
| | - Shinji Fukuda
- Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, 1 Honjo, Saga 840-8502, Japan
| | - Takara Mine
- Saga Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Pharmaceutical Research, 1-20 Hacchounawate, Saga 849-0925, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Nakayama
- Saga Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Pharmaceutical Research, 1-20 Hacchounawate, Saga 849-0925, Japan
| | - Kanji Ishimaru
- Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, 1 Honjo, Saga 840-8502, Japan
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