Effect of Prunetin on Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Nephropathy in Rats - a Biochemical and Molecular Approach

In the modern era, chronic kidney failure due to diabetes has spread across the globe. Prunetin (PRU), a component of herbal medicines, has a broad variety of pharmacological activities; these may help to slow the onset of diabetic kidney disease. The anti-nephropathic effects of PRU have not yet been reported. The present study explored the potential nephroprotective actions of PRU in diabetic rats. For 28 days, nephropathic rats were given oral doses of PRU (20, 40, and 80 mg/kg). Body weight, blood urea, creatinine, total protein, lipid profile, liver marker enzymes, carbohydrate metabolic enzymes, C-reactive protein, antioxidants, lipid peroxidative indicators, and the expression of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) and glucose transporter 2 (GLUT-2) mRNA genes were all examined. Histological examinations of the kidneys, liver, and pancreas were also performed. The oral treatment of PRU drastically lowered the blood glucose, HbA1c, blood urea, creatinine, serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, lipid profile, and hexokinase. Meanwhile, the levels of fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase, glucose-6-phosphatase, and phosphoenol pyruvate carboxykinase were all elevated, but glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase dropped significantly. Inflammatory marker antioxidants and lipid peroxidative markers were also less persistent due to this administration. PRU upregulated the IRS-1 and GLUT-2 gene expression in the nephropathic group. The possible renoprotective properties of PRU were validated by histopathology of the liver, kidney, and pancreatic tissues. It is therefore proposed that PRU (80 mg/kg) has considerable renoprotective benefits in diabetic nephropathy in rats.

The Potential Therapeutic Properties of Prunetin against Human Health Complications: A Review of Medicinal Importance and Pharmacological Activities

BACKGROUND

Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds found to be present in nature and abundant in flowers and fruits. Flavonoidal class phytochemicals have gained interest in the scientific field because of their important pharmacological activities. Several scientific studies have revealed anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant, anti-fungal, analgesic, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-parasitic and anti-allergic activities of flavonoidal class phytochemicals. Prunetin is an O-methylated isoflavone that belongs to the phytochemical phytoestrogen class, found to be present in licorice, red cherry, soybean and legumes.

METHODS

Biological potential and pharmacological activities of prunetin have been investigated in the present work through scientific data analysis of numerous scientific research works. Numerous literature databases have been searched in order to collect the scientific information on prunetin in the present work. Pharmacological activities of prunetin have been investigated in the present work through literature data analysis of different scientific research works. Scientific data have been collected from Google Scholar, Google, PubMed, Science Direct and Scopus. Analytical data on prunetin has been collected from literature sources and analyzed in the present work.

RESULTS

Scientific data analysis revealed the biological importance of prunetin in medicine. Prunetin was found to be present in the pea, peach, Oregon cherry, skimmed cheese, cheese, cow kefir and goat kefir. Prunetin is also present in the Prunus avium, Andira surinamensis, Butea superba, Dalbergia sympathetica, Ficus nervosa, Pterospartum tridentatum and Pycnanthus angolensis. Pharmacological data analysis revealed the biological importance of prunetin on bone disorders, cancers, especially hepatocellular carcinoma, urinary bladder cancer, gastric cancer, ovarian cancer, human airway, gut health and enzymes. Scientific data analysis revealed biological effectiveness of prunetin for their angiogenic effects, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, antimicrobial, estrogenic and vasorelaxant potential. Analytical data revealed the importance of modern analytical techniques for qualitative and quantitative analysis of prunetin in the scientific fields.

CONCLUSION

Scientific data analysis in the present investigation revealed the biological importance and pharmacological activities of prunetin in medicine.

Glycosidic flavonoids and their potential applications in cancer research: a review

Purpose of review

Every year, the cancer patient registry increases, and the leading cause of death in a global context. Plant-based molecules are gaining attention in cancer research due to the side effects of chemotherapy. A glycosidic derivative of flavonoid (GDF) plays a significant role in cancer proliferation mechanisms. GDF inhibits cell proliferation by elevating the expression of apoptotic proteins, altering the expression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF- κB), and decreasing mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) in cancer cells.

Recent findings

Reported studies on the flavonoids orientin, vitexin, prunetionoside, chrysin, and scutellarein increased attention and are being widely investigated for their potential role in different parts of cancer research. Prunetionoside is a flavonoid with high cytotoxic potential and capable of inducing necroptosis in AGS gastric cancer cells. Similarly, scutellarein is a flavonol, induces an extrinsic apoptotic pathway and downregulates the expression level of cyclin proteins in HepG2 liver cancer cells. Vitexin is reported to be capable of deregulating the expression levels of p-Akt, p-mTOR, and p-PI3K in A549 lung cancer cells. Orientin inhibits IL-8 expression and invasion in MCF-7 breast cancer cells by suppressing MMP-9 in the presence of TPA via STAT3/AP-1/ERK/PKCα-mediated signaling pathways. It also induces mitochondria-mediated intrinsic apoptosis and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in HT29 colon cancer cells. Chrysin is a flavonoid present in honey that has been shown to play an important role in cervical and colon cancer by suppressing the AKT/mTOR/PI3K pathway and increasing ROS accumulation, LDH leakage, respectively.