Securidaca inappendiculata stem extract confers robust antioxidant and antidiabetic effects against high fructose/streptozotocin induced type 2 diabetes in rats. Exploration of bioactive compounds using UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS

Diabetes mellitus is the most deadly and most prevalent metabolic disease of contemporary times. This study evaluated the antidiabetic, antioxidant, and pancreato-protective effects of Securidaca inappendiculata extract (SIE) in high-fructose/streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes. SIE (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) was administered to diabetic rats for 8 weeks, thereafter glycaemic parameters, pancreatic β cell function, lipid profile, hepatorenal function, and antioxidant parameters were evaluated in diabetic rats treated SIE. The results indicated that treatment with SIE markedly lowered blood glucose, lipid parameters, hepatorenal function parameters, and lipid peroxidation at the end of the intervention. Additionally, serum insulin levels were significantly increased as supported by restoration of pancreatic β-cell cells in the H&E staining. Moreover, SIE also upregulated serum antioxidant enzyme activities in the treated diabetic rats. The results revealed that SIE possesses potent antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant effects with the considerable restoration of pancreatic β-cells function.

Study of Traditional Uses, Extraction Procedures, Phytochemical Constituents, and Pharmacological Properties of Tiliacora triandra

Tiliacora triandra (Colebr.) Diels (Menispermaceae family) is a Southeast Asian angiosperm herb. Traditional medicine in these areas often includes the use of plant parts. Plant extracts are highly effective against various infections including bacterial, fungal, viral, and parasitic. The leaves and root extracts are used to treat gastrointestinal diseases, hypertension, diabetes, skin diseases, and malaria as an antipyretic, detoxification agent, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and immunomodulator. Bioactive compounds contained in T. triandra include phenolic compounds, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, fatty acids, essential amino acids, peptides, carbohydrates, vitamins, and nucleic acid precursors. Despite the plant species’ abundance of bioactive compounds, there is very little in vivo and clinical proof of its pharmacological significance. The present review focuses on the phytochemical configurations, extraction methods for major bioactive compounds, and pharmacology of T. triandra, in light of its potent medicinal values.

UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS2 analysis of Acacia pennata extract and its effects on glycemic indices, lipid profile, pancreatic and hepatorenal alterations in nicotinamide/streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disorder associated with severe metabolic derangement and comorbidities. The constant increase in the global population of diabetic patients coupled with some prevailing side effects associated with synthetic antidiabetic drugs has necessitated the urgent need for the search for alternative antidiabetic regimens. This study investigated the antidiabetic, antioxidant, and pancreatic protective effects of the Acacia pennata extract (APE) against nicotinamide/streptozotocin induced DM in rats. The antidiabetic activity of APE was evaluated and investigated at doses of 100 and 400 mg/kg body weight, while metformin (150 mg/kg bw) was used as a standard drug. APE markedly decreased blood glucose level, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, low‐density lipoprotein, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and alanine phosphatase levels. Additionally, treatment with APE increased the body weight, serum insulin concentration, and high‐density lipoprotein. Moreover, activities of pancreatic superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase were increased, while the altered pancreatic architecture in the histopathological examination was notably restored in the treated rats. Ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography combined with electrospray ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐ESI‐QTOF‐MS) analysis of APE showcases the prevailing presence of polyphenolic compounds. Conclusively, this study showed the beneficial effects of the Acacia pennata in controlling metabolic derangement, pancreatic and hepatorenal dysfunction in diabetic rats.