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Guan H, Luo W, Bao B, Cao Y, Cheng F, Yu S, Fan Q, Zhang L, Wu Q, Shan M. A Comprehensive Review of Rosmarinic Acid: From Phytochemistry to Pharmacology and Its New Insight. Molecules 2022; 27:3292. [PMID: 35630768 PMCID: PMC9143754 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenolic acids are the widely occurring natural products in almost each herbal plant, among which rosmarinic acid (RA, C18H16O8) is well-known, and is present in over 160 species belonging to many families, especially the Lamiaceae. Aside from this herbal ingredient, dozens of its natural derivatives have also been isolated and characterized from many natural plants. In recent years, with the increasing focus on the natural products as alternative treatments, a large number of pharmacological studies have been carried out to demonstrate the various biological activities of RA such as anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, anti-diabetes, anti-virus, anti-tumor, neuroprotection, hepatoprotection, etc. In addition, investigations concerning its biosynthesis, extraction, analysis, clinical applications, and pharmacokinetics have also been performed. Although many achievements have been made in various research aspects, there still exist some problems or issues to be answered, especially its toxicity and bioavailability. Thus, we hope that in the case of natural products, the present review can not only provide a comprehensive understanding on RA covering its miscellaneous research fields, but also highlight some of the present issues and future perspectives worth investigating later, in order to help us utilize this polyphenolic acid more efficiently, widely, and safely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaquan Guan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; (H.G.); (W.L.); (Q.F.)
| | - Wenbin Luo
- School of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; (H.G.); (W.L.); (Q.F.)
| | - Beihua Bao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; (B.B.); (Y.C.); (F.C.); (S.Y.); (L.Z.); (Q.W.)
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yudan Cao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; (B.B.); (Y.C.); (F.C.); (S.Y.); (L.Z.); (Q.W.)
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Fangfang Cheng
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; (B.B.); (Y.C.); (F.C.); (S.Y.); (L.Z.); (Q.W.)
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Sheng Yu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; (B.B.); (Y.C.); (F.C.); (S.Y.); (L.Z.); (Q.W.)
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qiaoling Fan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; (H.G.); (W.L.); (Q.F.)
| | - Li Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; (B.B.); (Y.C.); (F.C.); (S.Y.); (L.Z.); (Q.W.)
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qinan Wu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; (B.B.); (Y.C.); (F.C.); (S.Y.); (L.Z.); (Q.W.)
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Mingqiu Shan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; (B.B.); (Y.C.); (F.C.); (S.Y.); (L.Z.); (Q.W.)
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
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