Removal of Osteoid Osteoma of the Calcaneus Using Subtalar Arthroscopy

Sinus tarsi and sinus tarsi syndrome: An imaging review

The sinus tarsi is a funnel-shaped region at the junction of mid-foot and hind-foot which contains fat, vessels, nerves and ligaments. The ligaments help stabilise the subtalar joint and maintain the longitudinal arch of the foot. The nerve endings contain proprioceptive fibres indicating a role for the sinus tarsi in movement of the foot. Sinus tarsi syndrome is a clinical entity characterised by lateral hind-foot pain with worsening on palpation and weight-bearing, and perceived instability. It is associated with both traumatic and non-traumatic causes. Magnetic resonance imaging is the imaging modality of choice for assessment of the sinus tarsi and sinus tarsi syndrome. In this review article, we review the anatomy and various aetiologies of sinus tarsi syndrome, along with the imaging appearances.

Arthroscopic management of intra- and juxta-articular osteoid osteoma of the upper extremity: a systematic review of the literature

BACKGROUND

Intra- and juxta-articular osteoid osteoma (OO) is rare and can result in irreversible joint damage. Recently, arthroscopic surgery is being used more and more to avoid complications associated with other treatment modalities.

METHODS

On October 13, 2019, we conducted a systematic review of the literature available in PubMed and EMBASE regarding the arthroscopic management of OO involving the joints of the upper extremity. Predetermined inclusion criteria were used to include any relevant article published on and before that date for further analysis. Treatment success rate and tumor recurrence rate were considered the primary outcomes in our analysis.

RESULTS

Out of 113 studies, 19 met our inclusion criteria. Of the 32 reported cases in these 19 articles, ten involved the shoulder joint, 19 involved the elbow joint and three involved the wrist joint. Overall treatment success rate was 93.8%. Tumor recurrence rate was 0.0%. No postoperative complications (0.0%) were reported among cases involving the shoulder joint. Two out of 24 (8.3%) patients with elbow OO failed arthroscopic treatment due to incomplete excision, and two (4%) experienced minor complications. Among the three cases of wrist OO, two (66.7%) patients had residual postoperative pain and decreased hand grip strength.

CONCLUSION

Arthroscopic management of OO of the upper extremity joints is highly successful and results in no tumor recurrence; however, there is a risk of incomplete resection in areas more difficult to access by arthroscopy.

Arthroscopic Management of Osteoid Osteoma of the Ankle Joint: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Osteoid osteomas (OOs) are rare benign bone tumors that may occur in various joints including the ankle. These tumors are generally removed via open surgical excision or radiofrequency ablation. However, when they occur intra-articularly, these treatments are more difficult to perform because of more difficult access and the increased risk of damaging articular cartilage. Therefore, some have advocated for the use of arthroscopy to treat these cases. This systematic review aims to investigate the safety and efficacy of arthroscopic treatment for intra-articular OO of the ankle. Using Medline and Embase, we systematically reviewed the literature as of May 31, 2017. All articles published on and before that date were reviewed by 2 independent reviewers. Seventeen articles containing a total of 27 cases were included in the review. Most reported cases were in the talar neck, followed by the distal tibia. Of all the cases, only 2 recurrences were reported (in the same patient), and no complications were reported. Therefore, these cases demonstrate arthroscopic excision of intra-articular OO of the ankle as a safe and effective alternative to open surgical excision and radiofrequency ablation, with a success rate of 96%. However, all articles found were case studies or small case series owing to the rarity of this disease. In the future, analyses of case series with larger case collections should be performed.

Diagnosis and treatment of hindfoot osteoid osteoma: A therapeutic method for each case

OBJECTIVES

1) to set a reminder of the diagnostic approach to osteoid osteomas (OOs) of the foot; 2) to define the indications of treatment for hindfoot OOs.

MATERIAL AND METHOD

5 OOs were checked (3 cases located in the talus and two cases in calcaneus). The diagnosis was established by clinical and imaging data. In all cases, a calcified nidus was identified on CT, perilesional bone oedema on MRI and focal scintigraphic uptake. Two cases were treated with radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and 3 cases with surgical resections: two open surgeries and one arthroscopic surgery. Clinical and oncological outcomes were evaluated at the end of the follow-up.

RESULTS

No complications were reported. The clinical outcome was excellent in all cases. One patient was initially treated with open surgery and then subsequently with RFA due to failure of the procedure. There were no recurrences after an average follow-up time of 4 years and 8 months (range, 1-12 years).

DISCUSSION

Hindfoot OOs are uncommon and their diagnosis is based on clinical data in conjunction with characteristic imaging findings. Their treatment choices depend on the location of the nidus and relationships with nearby anatomical structures.

CONCLUSIONS

The diagnosis of an OO of the hindfoot can be ensured when the epidemiological, clinical and imaging data are compatible with this pathological entity. RFA is indicated for intracortical or cancellous cases in which the nidus is more than 1cm off the skin and significant neurovascular structures. For all other cases an open surgical resection or arthroscopic resection would be the first choice.

Cystic bone tumors of the foot and ankle

Bone tumors are relatively rare in the foot and ankle region. Many of them present as cystic lesions on plain films. Due to the relative rarity of these lesions and the complex anatomy of the foot and ankle region, identification of such lesions is often delayed or they get misdiagnosed and mismanaged. This review discusses the most common cystic tumors of the foot and ankle including their radiographic features and principles of management.

Arthroscopic Excision of Osteoid Osteoma of the Talus

Osteoid osteoma is a benign tumor that can cause significant pain and disability. Excision of the tumor can be accomplished with open surgery or, as advocated in recent years, with computed tomography (CT)-guided radiofrequency ablation. In this article, a unique arthroscopic approach to excise an osteoid osteoma of the talus is presented. This was possible by relying on a clear intra-articular prominent osteophyte, which was used as a landmark to indicate tumor location in accordance with preoperative CT views. This technique enabled excision of the tumor with concomitant arthroscopic decompression of the osteophyte, which contributed to symptoms of anterior ankle impingement.