1
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Scadding GK, Gray C, Conti DM, McDonald M, Backer V, Scadding G, Bernal-Sprekelsen M, De Corso E, Diamant Z, Hopkins C, Jesenak M, Johansen P, Kappen J, Mullol J, Price D, Quirce S, Reitsma S, Toppila-Salmi S, Senior B, Thyssen JP, Wahn U, Hellings PW. Pre-asthma: a useful concept? A EUFOREA paper. Part 2-late onset eosinophilic asthma. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2024; 5:1404735. [PMID: 38812719 PMCID: PMC11133565 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2024.1404735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
The concept of pre-diabetes has led to provision of measures to reduce disease progression through identification of subjects at risk of diabetes. We previously considered the idea of pre-asthma in relation to allergic asthma and considered that, in addition to the need to improve population health via multiple measures, including reduction of exposure to allergens and pollutants and avoidance of obesity, there are several possible specific means to reduce asthma development in those most at risk (pre- asthma). The most obvious is allergen immunotherapy (AIT), which when given for allergic rhinitis (AR) has reasonable evidence to support asthma prevention in children (2) but also needs further study as primary prevention. In this second paper we explore the possibilities for similar actions in late onset eosinophilic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. K. Scadding
- Department of Allergy & Rhinology, Royal National ENT Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Immunity and Infection, University College, London, United Kingdom
| | - C. Gray
- Paediatric Allergist, Red Cross Children's Hospital and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Kidsallergy Centre, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - D. M. Conti
- The European Forum for Research and Education in Allergy and Airway Diseases Scientific Expert Team Members, Brussels, Belgium
- Escuela de Doctorado UAM, Centro de Estudios de Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle Francisco Tomás y Valiente, no 2, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - M. McDonald
- The Allergy Clinic, Blairgowrie, Randburg, South Africa
| | - V. Backer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, and Audiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - G. Scadding
- Allergy, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - M. Bernal-Sprekelsen
- Otolaryngology-Department, Clinic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Otolaryngology-Department, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E. De Corso
- Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, A. Gemelli University Hospital Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Z. Diamant
- Department of Respiratory Medicine & Allergology, Institute for Clinical Science, Skane University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Thomayer Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Microbiology Immunology & Transplantation, KU Leuven, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - C. Hopkins
- Department of Rhinology and Skull Base Surgery, Guy’s and St Thomas’ Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - M. Jesenak
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, University Teaching Hospital in Martin, Martin, Slovak Republic
- Department of Paediatrics, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, University Teaching Hospital in Martin, Martin, Slovak Republic
- Department of Pulmonology and Phthisiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, University Teaching Hospital in Martin, Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - P. Johansen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - J. Kappen
- Department of Pulmonology, STZ Centre of Excellence for Asthma, COPD and Respiratory Allergy, Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - J. Mullol
- Rhinology Unit and Smell Clinic, ENT Department, Hospital Clínic, FRCB-IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, CIBERES, Barcelona, Spain
| | - D. Price
- Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre of Academic Primary Care, Division of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - S. Quirce
- Department of Allergy, La Paz University Hospital, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - S. Reitsma
- Department of Otorhinolarynogology and Head/Neck Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - S. Toppila-Salmi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Allergy, Inflammation Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - B. Senior
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - J. P. Thyssen
- Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - U. Wahn
- Department for Pediatric Pneumology and Immunology, Charite University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - P. W. Hellings
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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2
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Lee YH, Kim M, Ku CH, Lee HS, Lee JH, Kwon DH, Lee EJ. Association between poly-sensitisation and sensitisation to staphylococcal enterotoxin A and B affecting allergic severity in children. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2023; 280:4121-4129. [PMID: 37039894 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-023-07968-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Accumulating evidence suggests that Staphylococcus aureus plays a significant role as a disease modifier in upper and lower airway diseases. We aimed to assess the association between staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) with allergic diseases and the degree of allergen sensitisation in children, which remains unclear. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 455 patients aged 3-18 years between March 2018 and March 2022. Clinical history and demographic data were obtained. The baseline study included paranasal sinus X-ray scan, multiple allergen simultaneous test, and ImmunoCAP® for measuring serum total and specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels to allergens and staphylococcal enterotoxin A and B (SEA and SEB). RESULTS The mean age was 9.77 ± 4.3 years. 133 patients (29.2%) were sensitised to one inhalant allergen, and 188 patients (41.3%) showed polysensitisation. Patients sensitised to SEs showed higher total and specific IgE levels and total eosinophil counts compared to non-SE-sensitised patients. Sensitisation to SEs is closely associated with polysensitisation to inhalant allergens and allergic multimorbidity. When the SE-IgE value was 0.35 or higher, the odds ratio for allergen polysensitisation was significantly higher than when the SE-IgE value was lower than 0.35. CONCLUSIONS Association between polysensitisation and sensitisation to SEs in children shows the higher the specific IgE levels for SEs, the higher the likelihood of polysensitisation. Considering the relationship between polysensitisation, high IgE levels, and the severity of allergic morbidity, sensitisation to SEs is thought to be related to allergy severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Ha Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, 20 Ilsan-ro, Wonju, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Minheon Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, 20 Ilsan-ro, Wonju, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Hyo Ku
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, 20 Ilsan-ro, Wonju, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Su Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, 20 Ilsan-ro, Wonju, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Hyung Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, 20 Ilsan-ro, Wonju, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hwan Kwon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, 20 Ilsan-ro, Wonju, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jung Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, 20 Ilsan-ro, Wonju, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.
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Jorde I, Schreiber J, Stegemann-Koniszewski S. The Role of Staphylococcus aureus and Its Toxins in the Pathogenesis of Allergic Asthma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010654. [PMID: 36614093 PMCID: PMC9820472 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bronchial asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide and affects more than 300 million patients. Allergic asthma affects the majority of asthmatic children as well as approximately 50% of adult asthmatics. It is characterized by a Th2-mediated immune response against aeroallergens. Many aspects of the overall pathophysiology are known, while the underlying mechanisms and predisposing factors remain largely elusive today. Over the last decade, respiratory colonization with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), a Gram-positive facultative bacterial pathogen, came into focus as a risk factor for the development of atopic respiratory diseases. More than 30% of the world’s population is constantly colonized with S. aureus in their nasopharynx. This colonization is mostly asymptomatic, but in immunocompromised patients, it can lead to serious complications including pneumonia, sepsis, or even death. S. aureus is known for its ability to produce a wide range of proteins including toxins, serine-protease-like proteins, and protein A. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge about the pathophysiology of allergic asthma and to what extent it can be affected by different toxins produced by S. aureus. Intensifying this knowledge might lead to new preventive strategies for atopic respiratory diseases.
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Mulligan JK, Nord D, Villanueva MV, Justice J, Lobo B, Schlosser RJ, Atkinson C. Role of C3a as a Novel Regulator of 25(OH)D 3 to 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3 Metabolism in Upper Airway Epithelial Cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 209:262-269. [PMID: 35793909 PMCID: PMC9432430 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, primary human sinonasal epithelial cell (HSNEC) 1α-hydroxylase levels are reduced, as is their ability to metabolize 25-hydroxycholecalciferol [25(OH)D3] to its active metabolite, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3]. In this study, we sought to identify the factor responsible for the regulation of HSNEC metabolism of 25(OH)D3, focusing on C3 and C3a. Multiple inhaled irritants trigger the release of complement components, C3 and C3a, leading to suppression of 1α-hydroxylase levels in HSNECs. Recombinant C3a was able to decrease 1α-hydroxylase and impair 25(OH)D3 to 1,25(OH)2D3 metabolism, while addition of a C3a receptor antagonist restored conversion. Conversely, 1,25(OH)2D3 suppressed Aspergillus fumigatus-induced C3 and C3a levels in HSNEC supernatant. Given the ability of 1,25(OH)2D3 to modulate LL37 in other cell types, we examined its regulation in HSNECs and relationship to C3a. 1,25(OH)2D3 stimulated the secretion of LL37, whereas A. fumigatus and C3a suppressed it. Conversely, LL37 reduced the release of C3/C3a by HSNECs. Lastly, oral steroid use and in vitro dexamethasone application both failed to increase 1α-hydroxylase or reduce C3a levels. In summary, in this article, we describe for the first time a novel relationship between complement activation and local vitamin D metabolism in airway epithelial cells. The presence of elevated C3/C3a in patients with asthma and/or chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps may account for their impaired HSNEC 25(OH)D3 to 1,25(OH)2D3 metabolism and explain why they receive limited therapeutic benefit from oral vitamin D3 supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K Mulligan
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; and
| | - Dianna Nord
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Maria V Villanueva
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Jeb Justice
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; and
| | - Brian Lobo
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; and
| | - Rodney J Schlosser
- Department of Otolaryngology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Carl Atkinson
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL;
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5
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Noorbakhsh S, Ashouri S, Moradkhani M. Role of Superantigens In Various Childhood Inflamatory Diseases. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2022; 22:IDDT-EPUB-124062. [PMID: 35638540 DOI: 10.2174/1871526522666220530141031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
----:: Super antigens (Sags) are some part of virus or bacteria proteins which stimulate T cells and antigen-presenting cells leading to systemic immune repose and inflammation. ---SAgs might have possible role in in various inflammatory childhood diseases (eg Kawasaki disease, atopic dermatitis, and chronic rhinosinusitis). ----Worldwide studies had done to determine the role of staphylococcal SAgs (TSST-1 ) in various inflammatory diseases. The SAgs (TSST-1) not only induce sepsis and septic shock (even in negative blood culture for S.aureus) ,but also might have significant role in various childhood inflammatory diseases ( eg KD, OMS, Polyp, dermatitis, psoriasis ) . In proven SAgs induced inflammatory diseases, inhibition the cell-destructive process by SAgs suppressants might be helpful. ----In toxic shock or sepsis like presentation even in cases with negative blood cultures immediate use pf anti staphylococcal drugs is required. ---Occasionaly, clinical presentation of some human viruses (eg coronavirus and adenovirus) mimic KD. ----- In addition ,coinfection with adenovirus, coronavirus, and para-influenza virus type 3 were observed with KD. -- Bacterial Sags induced increasement of acute-phase reactants and number of white blood cell, and neutrophil counts In developed KD. ----Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MISC) and KS observed during the recent COVID-19 pandemia. This study summarized the relation between viral and bacterial SAgs and childhood inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samileh Noorbakhsh
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sarvenaz Ashouri
- ENT and Head and Neck Research center and department, Iran university of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Moradkhani
- Pediatric Resident ,Rasoul Hospital ,Iran university of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
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6
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Farag AK, Roesner LM, Wieschowski S, Heratizadeh A, Eiz‐Vesper B, Kwok WW, Valenta R, Werfel T. Specific T cells targeting Staphylococcus aureus fibronectin-binding protein 1 induce a type 2/type 1 inflammatory response in sensitized atopic dermatitis patients. Allergy 2022; 77:1245-1253. [PMID: 34601735 DOI: 10.1111/all.15120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common inflammatory skin diseases worldwide and Staphylococcus aureus colonization and secondary infections occur in the majority of AD patients. Allergic sensitizations against microbial antigens have been discussed as possible trigger factors of AD. Recently, we reported IgE sensitization against fibronectin-binding protein 1 (FBP1), an essential virulence component in S. aureus, in a subgroup of patients suffering from AD. To expand these findings by investigating delayed-type immune reactions, the objective of this study was to detect and phenotypically characterize FBP1-specific T cells as possible trigger factors in AD. METHODS Immunodominant T-cell epitopes were mapped by proliferation testing of patient-derived FBP1-specific T-cell lines after stimulation with single 15mer peptides, which were derived from different functional domains of the FBP1 sequence. Major histocompatibility complex class II tetramers carrying immunodominant epitopes successfully stained T helper cells in 8 out of 8 HLA-matched, IgE-sensitized AD patients. RESULTS Cytokine profiling of multimer-sorted cells revealed that predominantly the type 2 cytokines IL-13 and IL-4 were secreted by these cells. In contrast, IL-17, the marker cytokine for response to extracellular pathogens, was scarcely detectable. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that FBP1 contains immunodominant peptides that induce a specific pro-inflammatory T helper cell response with increased Th2 levels that can drive an allergic inflammation in sensitized AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed K. Farag
- Division of Dermatology and Allergy Department of Immunodermatology and Allergy Research Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany
| | - Lennart M. Roesner
- Division of Dermatology and Allergy Department of Immunodermatology and Allergy Research Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155) Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany
| | - Susanne Wieschowski
- Division of Dermatology and Allergy Department of Immunodermatology and Allergy Research Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany
| | - Annice Heratizadeh
- Division of Dermatology and Allergy Department of Immunodermatology and Allergy Research Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany
| | - Britta Eiz‐Vesper
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany
| | - William W. Kwok
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason Seattle Washington USA
- Department of Medicine University of Washington Seattle Washington USA
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Division of Immunopathology Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
- NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia Moscow Russia
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University Moscow Russia
- Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences Krems Austria
| | - Thomas Werfel
- Division of Dermatology and Allergy Department of Immunodermatology and Allergy Research Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155) Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany
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7
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Tesei D, Jewczynko A, Lynch AM, Urbaniak C. Understanding the Complexities and Changes of the Astronaut Microbiome for Successful Long-Duration Space Missions. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12040495. [PMID: 35454986 PMCID: PMC9031868 DOI: 10.3390/life12040495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During space missions, astronauts are faced with a variety of challenges that are unique to spaceflight and that have been known to cause physiological changes in humans over a period of time. Several of these changes occur at the microbiome level, a complex ensemble of microbial communities residing in various anatomic sites of the human body, with a pivotal role in regulating the health and behavior of the host. The microbiome is essential for day-to-day physiological activities, and alterations in microbiome composition and function have been linked to various human diseases. For these reasons, understanding the impact of spaceflight and space conditions on the microbiome of astronauts is important to assess significant health risks that can emerge during long-term missions and to develop countermeasures. Here, we review various conditions that are caused by long-term space exploration and discuss the role of the microbiome in promoting or ameliorating these conditions, as well as space-related factors that impact microbiome composition. The topics explored pertain to microgravity, radiation, immunity, bone health, cognitive function, gender differences and pharmacomicrobiomics. Connections are made between the trifecta of spaceflight, the host and the microbiome, and the significance of these interactions for successful long-term space missions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Tesei
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Anna Jewczynko
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada;
| | - Anne M. Lynch
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Graduate Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Camilla Urbaniak
- ZIN Technologies Inc., Middleburg Heights, OH 44130, USA
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
- Correspondence:
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Abstract
Microbes in the 21st century are understood as symbionts ‘completing’ the human ‘superorganism’ (Homo sapiens plus microbial partners-in-health). This paper addresses a significant paradox: despite the vast majority of our genes being microbial, the lack of routine safety testing for the microbiome has led to unintended collateral side effects from pharmaceuticals that can damage the microbiome and inhibit innate ‘colonization resistance’ against pathobionts. Examples are discussed in which a Microbiome First Medicine approach provides opportunities to ‘manage our microbes’ holistically, repair dysbiotic superorganisms, and restore health and resilience in the gut and throughout the body: namely, managing nosocomial infections for Clostridioides difficile and Staphylococcus aureus and managing the gut and neural systems (gut–brain axis) in autism spectrum disorder. We then introduce a risk analysis tool: the evidence map. This ‘mapping’ tool was recently applied by us to evaluate evidence for benefits, risks, and uncertainties pertaining to the breastmilk ecosystem. Here, we discuss the potential role of the evidence map as a risk analysis methodology to guide scientific and societal efforts to: (1) enhance ecosystem resilience, (2) ‘manage our microbes’, and (3) minimize the adverse effects of both acute and chronic diseases.
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Gehring M, Wieczorek D, Kapp A, Wedi B. Potent Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Tetracyclines on Human Eosinophils. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2021; 2:754501. [PMID: 35386966 PMCID: PMC8974775 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2021.754501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are potent pro-inflammatory cells. Not only in allergic diseases but also in other diseases there is a need for treatment strategies to induce resolution of eosinophil-mediated inflammation. During the last years beneficial non-antibiotic activities of tetracyclines (TCNs) have been shown in different diseases in which eosinophils play a role, for example, asthma and bullous pemphigoid. The working mechanism of these effects remains to be clarified. Aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of TCNs on eosinophils. Flow cytometry analysis of apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential, activation of caspases, intracellular H2O2 and calcium, surface expression of eosinophil activation markers was performed in highly purified peripheral blood eosinophils of non-atopic donors. Tetracycline hydrochloride, minocycline and doxycycline significantly induced eosinophil apoptosis. All TCNs were able to significantly overcome the strong survival enhancing effects of pro-eosinophilic cytokines and staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins. Tetracycline hydrochloride induced eosinophil apoptosis was accompanied by intracellular production of hydrogen peroxide, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and activation of caspases. Moreover, tetracycline hydrochloride significantly down regulated eosinophil surface expression of CD9 and CD45, and of the activation markers CD11b and CD69, but not of CD54, CD63, or CD95. Our data, propably for the first time, point to a potent anti-inflammatory role of TCNs on eosinophils.
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Lombardi C, Asero R, Bagnasco D, Blasi F, Bonini M, Bussi M, Canevari RF, Canonica GW, Castelnuovo P, Cecchi L, Cosmi L, Gelardi M, Heffler E, Indinnimeo L, Landi M, Licari A, Liotta F, Macchi A, Malvezzi L, Marseglia G, Micheletto C, Musarra A, Peroni D, Piacentini G, Poletti V, Richeldi L, Santoni A, Schiappoli M, Senna G, Vaghi A, Villani A, Passalacqua G. ARIA-ITALY multidisciplinary consensus on nasal polyposis and biological treatments. World Allergy Organ J 2021; 14:100592. [PMID: 34786034 PMCID: PMC8573187 DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2021.100592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the recent years, it was recognized that type-2 inflammation links many forms of nasal polyposis with severe asthma. Thus, some biological drugs developed for severe asthma appeared to exert an effect on nasal polyposis. So far, there are several trials supporting this concept; therefore, some monoclonal antibodies for severe asthma were assessed also in polyposis, with promising results. Since different specialists are involved in the management of nasal polyposis (eg, pulmonologists, ENT, allergists), it was felt that an educational and informative document was needed to better identify the indications of biologicals in nasal polyposis. We collected the main Italian Scientific Societies, and prepared (under the Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma, ARIA) a document endorsed by all Societies, to provide a provisional statement for the future use of monoclonal antibodies as a medical treatment for polyposis. It is the first nationwide endorsed document on this aspect. The current pathogenic knowledge and the experimental evidence are herein reviewed, and some suggestions for a correct prescription and follow-up are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Lombardi
- Unit of Allergology, Clinical Immunology & Respiratory Diseases, Fondazione Poliambulanza, Brescia, Italy
| | - Riccardo Asero
- Ambulatorio di Allergologia, Clinica San Carlo, Paderno Dugnano, MI, Italy
| | - Diego Bagnasco
- Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, IRCCS Policlinico S.Martino, University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesco Blasi
- Dipartimento Fisiopatologia Medico-chirurgica e Trapianti Università di Milano, IRCCS Fondazione Cà Granda, Policlinico di Milano, Italy
| | - Matteo Bonini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiovascolari e Toraciche, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Mario Bussi
- Unità Operativa di Otorinolaringoiatria Ospedale Universitario I.R.C.C.S. San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Rikki F. Canevari
- Dipartimento DISC Clinica Otorinolaringoiatra IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, Università di Genova, Italy
| | - Giorgio Walter Canonica
- Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Castelnuovo
- DBSV, Clinica ORL, Università Insubria, ASST-settelaghi, HNS&FDR Center, Varese, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Cecchi
- SOS Allergologia e Immunologia Clinica Prato, USL Toscana Centro, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Cosmi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Matteo Gelardi
- Clinica Otorinolaringoiatrica, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università di Foggia, Italy
| | - Enrico Heffler
- Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luciana Indinnimeo
- Università degli Studi di Roma “Sapienza”, Direttore Scientifico di Area Pediatrica, Società Italiana di Pediatria, Italy
| | - Massimo Landi
- Pediatric National Healthcare System, Turin, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation Palermo, Italy
| | - Amelia Licari
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesco Liotta
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Alberto Macchi
- Clinica ORL, Asst Settelaghi Varese, Università degli Studi dell’ Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Luca Malvezzi
- Otorhinolaryngology Unit, Humanitas University, Humanitas Clinical & Research Center, Rozzano, MI, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Marseglia
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Antonino Musarra
- Servizio di Allergologia, Casa della Salute di Scilla, ASP di Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Diego Peroni
- Pediatrics, Dept. of Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Giorgio Piacentini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, Odontostomatologiche e Materno-Infantili Università di Verona, Italy
| | | | - Luca Richeldi
- UOC DI PNEUMOLOGIA, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Italy
| | - Angela Santoni
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare, Università; “Sapienza”, Roma, Italy
| | - Michele Schiappoli
- Asthma Center and Allergy Unit, University of Verona and General Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - Gianenrico Senna
- Asthma Center and Allergy Unit, University of Verona and General Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Alberto Villani
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Pediatria Generale e Malattie Infettive, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Roma, Italy
| | - Giovanni Passalacqua
- Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, IRCCS Policlinico S.Martino, University of Genoa, Italy
| | - ARIA Italia
- Unit of Allergology, Clinical Immunology & Respiratory Diseases, Fondazione Poliambulanza, Brescia, Italy
- Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, IRCCS Policlinico S.Martino, University of Genoa, Italy
- Ambulatorio di Allergologia, Clinica San Carlo, Paderno Dugnano, MI, Italy
- Dipartimento Fisiopatologia Medico-chirurgica e Trapianti Università di Milano, IRCCS Fondazione Cà Granda, Policlinico di Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiovascolari e Toraciche, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
- Unità Operativa di Otorinolaringoiatria Ospedale Universitario I.R.C.C.S. San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Dipartimento DISC Clinica Otorinolaringoiatra IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, Università di Genova, Italy
- Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
- DBSV, Clinica ORL, Università Insubria, ASST-settelaghi, HNS&FDR Center, Varese, Italy
- SOS Allergologia e Immunologia Clinica Prato, USL Toscana Centro, Italy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy
- Clinica Otorinolaringoiatrica, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università di Foggia, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Roma “Sapienza”, Direttore Scientifico di Area Pediatrica, Società Italiana di Pediatria, Italy
- Pediatric National Healthcare System, Turin, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation Palermo, Italy
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Italy
- Clinica ORL, Asst Settelaghi Varese, Università degli Studi dell’ Insubria, Varese, Italy
- Otorhinolaryngology Unit, Humanitas University, Humanitas Clinical & Research Center, Rozzano, MI, Italy
- UOC Pneumologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Verona, Italy
- Servizio di Allergologia, Casa della Salute di Scilla, ASP di Reggio Calabria, Italy
- Pediatrics, Dept. of Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, Odontostomatologiche e Materno-Infantili Università di Verona, Italy
- Dipartimento Toracico Azienda USL ROMAGNA (I), Italy
- UOC DI PNEUMOLOGIA, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare, Università; “Sapienza”, Roma, Italy
- Asthma Center and Allergy Unit, University of Verona and General Hospital, Verona, Italy
- ASST Rodhense Pneumologia, Italy
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Pediatria Generale e Malattie Infettive, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Roma, Italy
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11
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Sokolov S, Fursova K, Shulcheva I, Nikanova D, Artyemieva O, Kolodina E, Sorokin A, Dzhelyadin T, Shchannikova M, Shepelyakovskaya A, Zinovieva N, Brovko F. Comparative Analysis of Milk Microbiomes and Their Association with Bovine Mastitis in Two Farms in Central Russia. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11051401. [PMID: 34068998 PMCID: PMC8156869 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine mastitis is a widespread infectious disease. In addition to the economic damages associated with reduced milk yield due to mastitis, the problem of food contamination by microorganism metabolites, in particular toxins, is also a concern. Horizontal transfer of microorganisms from animal populations to humans can also be complicated by antibiotic resistance. Therefore, bovine mastitis is relevant to the study of microbiology and veterinary medicine. In this study, we investigated the microbiome of milk samples from healthy cows and cows with different forms of mastitis from individual quarters of the udder of cows during first and second lactation. Total DNA was extracted from milk samples. The V3-V4 regions of the bacterial 16S rRNA genes from each sample were amplified to generate a library via high-throughput sequencing. We revealed significant dominance of several operational taxonomic units (OTUs) corresponding mostly to groups of Staphylococcus aureus, Aerococcus spp., and Streptococcus spp. In addition, we unexpectedly identified Streptococcus thermophilus in samples with high SCC quantities. We found some infectious agents that characterized summer mastitis. We demonstrated that in Central Russia, mastitis is associated with a wide variety of causal organisms. We observed some differences in the diversity of the two investigated farms. However, we did not find any significant difference among healthy, mastitis and subclinical samples according to their SCC status from either farms by principal component analysis. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) confirmed the presence of several indicator genera in farms from Moscow and the Tula Region. These results confirm the complex bacterial etiology of bovine mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei Sokolov
- Laboratory of Microbiology, L.K. Ernst Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry, Dubrovitsy 142132, Russia; (D.N.); (O.A.); (E.K.); (N.Z.); (F.B.)
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia; (K.F.); (I.S.); (M.S.); (A.S.)
- Laboratory of Plasmid Biology, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Researches”, G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry & Physiology of Microorganisms of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-496-773-3962
| | - Ksenia Fursova
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia; (K.F.); (I.S.); (M.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Irina Shulcheva
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia; (K.F.); (I.S.); (M.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Daria Nikanova
- Laboratory of Microbiology, L.K. Ernst Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry, Dubrovitsy 142132, Russia; (D.N.); (O.A.); (E.K.); (N.Z.); (F.B.)
| | - Olga Artyemieva
- Laboratory of Microbiology, L.K. Ernst Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry, Dubrovitsy 142132, Russia; (D.N.); (O.A.); (E.K.); (N.Z.); (F.B.)
| | - Evgenia Kolodina
- Laboratory of Microbiology, L.K. Ernst Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry, Dubrovitsy 142132, Russia; (D.N.); (O.A.); (E.K.); (N.Z.); (F.B.)
| | - Anatoly Sorokin
- Laboratory of Cell Genome Functioning Mechanisms, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Researches”, Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia; (A.S.); (T.D.)
| | - Timur Dzhelyadin
- Laboratory of Cell Genome Functioning Mechanisms, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Researches”, Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia; (A.S.); (T.D.)
| | - Margarita Shchannikova
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia; (K.F.); (I.S.); (M.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Anna Shepelyakovskaya
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia; (K.F.); (I.S.); (M.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Natalia Zinovieva
- Laboratory of Microbiology, L.K. Ernst Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry, Dubrovitsy 142132, Russia; (D.N.); (O.A.); (E.K.); (N.Z.); (F.B.)
| | - Fedor Brovko
- Laboratory of Microbiology, L.K. Ernst Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry, Dubrovitsy 142132, Russia; (D.N.); (O.A.); (E.K.); (N.Z.); (F.B.)
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia; (K.F.); (I.S.); (M.S.); (A.S.)
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12
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Chen Y, Xu C, Zhong C, Lyu Z, Liu J, Chen Z, Dun H, Xin B, Xie Q. Temporal Characteristics of the Oropharyngeal and Nasal Microbiota Structure in Crewmembers Stayed 180 Days in the Controlled Ecological Life Support System. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:617696. [PMID: 33613468 PMCID: PMC7886687 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.617696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Confined experiments are carried out to simulate the closed environment of space capsule on the ground. The Chinese Controlled Ecological Life Support System (CELSS) is designed including a closed-loop system supporting 4 healthy volunteers surviving for 180 days, and we aim to reveal the temporal characteristics of the oropharyngeal and nasal microbiota structure in crewmembers stayed 180 days in the CELSS, so as to accumulate the information about microbiota balance associated with respiratory health for estimating health risk in future spaceflight. We investigated the distribution of microorganisms and their dynamic characteristics in the nasal cavity and oropharynx of occupants with prolonged confinement. Based on the 16S rDNA v3–v4 regions using Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology, the oropharyngeal and nasal microbiota were monitored at eight time points during confinement. There were significant differences between oropharyngeal and nasal microbiota, and there were also individual differences among the same site of different volunteers. Analysis on the structure of the microbiota showed that, in the phylum taxon, the nasal bacteria mainly belonged to Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, etc. In addition to the above phyla, in oropharyngeal bacteria Fusobacterial accounted for a relatively high proportion. In the genus taxon, the nasal and oropharyngeal bacteria were independent. Corynebacterium and Staphylococcus were dominant in nasal cavity, and Corynebacterium, Streptococcus, and Neisseria were dominant in oropharynx. With the extension of the confinement time, the abundance of Staphylococcus in the nasal cavity and Neisseria in the oropharynx increased, and the index Chao fluctuated greatly from 30 to 90 days after the volunteers entered the CELSS. Conclusion: The structure and diversity of the nasal and oropharyngeal microbiota changed in the CELSS, and there was the phenomenon of migration between occupants, suggesting that the microbiota structure and health of the respiratory tract could be affected by living in a closed environment for a long time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwu Chen
- Space Science and Technology Institute (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China
| | - Chong Xu
- China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Chongfa Zhong
- China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zhitang Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity Research and Application of Hebei Province, College of Life Science, Baoding, China
| | - Junlian Liu
- China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zhanghuang Chen
- China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Huanhuan Dun
- China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Bingmu Xin
- Space Science and Technology Institute (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China.,China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Qiong Xie
- China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
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13
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Lee MD, O'Rourke A, Lorenzi H, Bebout BM, Dupont CL, Everroad RC. Reference-guided metagenomics reveals genome-level evidence of potential microbial transmission from the ISS environment to an astronaut's microbiome. iScience 2021; 24:102114. [PMID: 33659879 PMCID: PMC7892915 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Monitoring microbial communities aboard the International Space Station (ISS) is essential to maintaining astronaut health and the integrity of life-support systems. Using assembled genomes of ISS-derived microbial isolates as references, recruiting metagenomic reads from an astronaut's nasal microbiome revealed no recruitment to a Staphylococcus aureus isolate from samples before launch, yet systematic recruitment across the genome when sampled after 3 months aboard the ISS, with a median percent identity of 100%. This suggests that either a highly similar S. aureus population colonized the astronaut's nasal microbiome while the astronaut was aboard the ISS or that it may have been below detection before spaceflight, instead supporting a shift in community composition. This work highlights the value in generating genomic libraries of microbes from built-environments such as the ISS and demonstrates one way such data can be integrated with metagenomics to facilitate the tracking and monitoring of astronaut microbiomes and health. Understanding built-environment microbiomes is critical for human space exploration Reference-guided metagenomics is a powerful approach for monitoring microbiomes We show potential microbial colonization of an astronaut microbiome while aboard the ISS
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Lee
- Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA, USA.,Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Aubrie O'Rourke
- Space Life Sciences, NASA Kennedy Space Center, Merritt Island, FL, USA
| | - Hernan Lorenzi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Brad M Bebout
- Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - R Craig Everroad
- Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA, USA
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14
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Can the sensitisation to staphylococcal enterotoxin predict the severity of chronic rhinosinusitis? Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2021; 278:2829-2836. [PMID: 33388975 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-020-06526-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence is accumulating that Staphylococcus aureus plays an important role as a disease modifier in upper and lower airway disease. We aimed to assess the association of staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) with allergic multimorbidity as well as the severity of chronic rhinosinusitis. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 97 subjects aged 6 years or older between March 2018 and June 2019 and analysed symptom scores, computed tomography scores, serum IgE levels to SEs, serum total and specific IgE levels to inhalant allergens. To evaluate eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (ECRS), we used refractory ECRS score from the Japanese epidemiological survey. RESULTS Of the 97 patients enrolled, 29 (29.9%) were non-sensitised, 33 (34.0%) were mono-sensitised, and 35 (36.1%) were poly-sensitised. Sensitisation to SEs was closely associated with poly-sensitisation to inhalant allergens. SE-sensitised participants had higher median values for total and specific IgE levels to inhalant allergens than did non-SE-sensitised participants. SE sensitisation was associated with allergic multimorbidity and severe allergic diseases, such as ECRS. CONCLUSIONS This preliminary study suggested that sensitisation to SEs may play a role in the initiation of type-2 inflammatory responses, such as allergic rhinitis, ECRS, and allergic multimorbidity. Furthermore, sensitisation to SEs correlated with the severity of ECRS.
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15
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Suárez LJ, Garzón H, Arboleda S, Rodríguez A. Oral Dysbiosis and Autoimmunity: From Local Periodontal Responses to an Imbalanced Systemic Immunity. A Review. Front Immunol 2020; 11:591255. [PMID: 33363538 PMCID: PMC7754713 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.591255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The current paradigm of onset and progression of periodontitis includes oral dysbiosis directed by inflammophilic bacteria, leading to altered resolution of inflammation and lack of regulation of the inflammatory responses. In the construction of explanatory models of the etiopathogenesis of periodontal disease, autoimmune mechanisms were among the first to be explored and historically, for more than five decades, they have been described in an isolated manner as part of the tissue damage process observed in periodontitis, however direct participation of these mechanisms in the tissue damage is still controversial. Autoimmunity is affected by genetic and environmental factors, leading to an imbalance between the effector and regulatory responses, mostly associated with failed resolution mechanisms. However, dysbiosis/infection and chronic inflammation could trigger autoimmunity by several mechanisms including bystander activation, dysregulation of toll-like receptors, amplification of autoimmunity by cytokines, epitope spreading, autoantigens complementarity, autoantigens overproduction, microbial translocation, molecular mimicry, superantigens, and activation or inhibition of receptors related to autoimmunity by microorganisms. Even though autoreactivity in periodontitis is biologically plausible, the associated mechanisms could be related to non-pathologic responses which could even explain non-recognized physiological functions. In this review we shall discuss from a descriptive point of view, the autoimmune mechanisms related to periodontitis physio-pathogenesis and the participation of oral dysbiosis on local periodontal autoimmune responses as well as on different systemic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina J. Suárez
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas y Medicina Oral, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Hernan Garzón
- Grupo de Investigación en Salud Oral, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Silie Arboleda
- Unidad de Investigación en Epidemiologia Clínica Oral (UNIECLO), Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Adriana Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigaciones Odontológicas, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
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16
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Jorde I, Hildebrand CB, Kershaw O, Lücke E, Stegemann-Koniszewski S, Schreiber J. Modulation of Allergic Sensitization and Allergic Inflammation by Staphylococcus aureus Enterotoxin B in an Ovalbumin Mouse Model. Front Immunol 2020; 11:592186. [PMID: 33193436 PMCID: PMC7649385 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.592186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The superantigen Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) enterotoxin B (SEB) has been proposed a central player in the associations between S. aureus nasal colonization and the development of allergic asthma. Previously, SEB has been shown to aggravate allergic sensitization and allergic airway inflammation (AAI) in experimental mouse models. Aiming at understanding the underlying immunological mechanisms, we tested the hypothesis that intranasal (i.n.) SEB-treatment divergently modulates AAI depending on the timing and intensity of the SEB-encounter. In an ovalbumin-mediated mouse model of AAI, we treated mice i.n. with 50 ng or 500 ng SEB either together with the allergic challenge or prior to the peripheral sensitization. We observed SEB to affect different hallmark parameters of AAI depending on the timing and the dose of treatment. SEB administered i.n. together with the allergic challenge significantly modulated respiratory leukocyte accumulation, intensified lymphocyte activation and, at the higher dose, induced a strong type-1 and pro-inflammatory cytokine response and alleviated airway hyperreactivity in AAI. SEB administered i.n. prior to the allergic sensitization at the lower dose significantly boosted the specific IgE response while administration of the higher dose led to a significantly reduced recruitment of immune cells, including eosinophils, to the respiratory tract and to a significantly dampened Th-2 cytokine response without inducing a Th-1 or pro-inflammatory response. We show a remarkably versatile potential for SEB to either aggravate or alleviate different parameters of allergic sensitization and AAI. Our study thereby not only highlights the complexity of the associations between S. aureus and allergic asthma but possibly even points at prophylactic and therapeutic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilka Jorde
- Experimental Pneumology, Department of Pneumology, University Hospital Magdeburg/Medical Faculty, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GC-I³), Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Christina B Hildebrand
- Experimental Pneumology, Department of Pneumology, University Hospital Magdeburg/Medical Faculty, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GC-I³), Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Olivia Kershaw
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eva Lücke
- Experimental Pneumology, Department of Pneumology, University Hospital Magdeburg/Medical Faculty, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GC-I³), Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Stegemann-Koniszewski
- Experimental Pneumology, Department of Pneumology, University Hospital Magdeburg/Medical Faculty, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GC-I³), Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jens Schreiber
- Experimental Pneumology, Department of Pneumology, University Hospital Magdeburg/Medical Faculty, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GC-I³), Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
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17
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Chronic Rhinosinusitis and Allergy: Increased Allergen Sensitization Versus Real Allergic Rhinitis Multimorbidity: a Systematic Review. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2020; 20:19. [PMID: 32430789 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-020-00913-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The objective of this article is to provide a recent update of the association between allergic inflammation and chronic rhinosinusitis. The systematic approach of this review article critically evaluates the literature published over the past few years and summarizes the specific pathophysiologic pathway of chronic sinonasal inflammation that has been postulated. RECENT FINDINGS From a systematic search of the Ovid Medline and Embase, 11 studies were included in a qualitative analysis of the association between systemic allergy and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Of the 11 studies, four showed an association, three were inconclusive, and four did not show any association. From the systematic search, 50 studies suggested four possible pathophysiologic pathways that may explain the association of allergic inflammation and CRS, namely, (1) staphylococcal enterotoxin, (2) the innate immunity pathway, (3) mast cell-associated inflammation, and (4) dysbiosis of microbiota. The association of systematic allergy and CRS remains inconclusive. The recent advances in the study of the pathophysiologic pathway of CRS may lead to the possibility of a targeted treatment option for CRS.
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18
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Effect of (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate to Staphylococcal Enterotoxin A on Toxin Activity. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25081867. [PMID: 32316678 PMCID: PMC7221706 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) functions both as superantigens that stimulate non-specific T cell proliferation as well as potent gastrointestinal toxins. We previously reported that (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) binds to SEA. Therefore, the ability of EGCG to inhibit SEA toxin activity was examined. As a result, EGCG significantly decreased SEA-induced expression and production of interferon gamma (IFN-γ). In addition, EGCG inhibited SEA-induced spleen cell proliferation. To investigate the role of the galloyl group in EGCG on SEA cytotoxicity in more detail, the effect of the binding of a hydroxyl group at position 3 of the galloyl group in EGCG to SEA on SEA cytotoxicity was examined using two methylated EGCG. SEA cytotoxicity was significantly controlled in both (-)-3''-Me-EGCG and (-)-4''-Me-EGCG. These results suggest that EGCG inhibits toxic activity via direct interaction with SEA or without any interaction with SEA. The binding affinity between SEA and EGCG under in vivo conditions was examined using a model solution. Although after treatment under acidic and alkaline conditions, the presence of protein and the digestive tract model solution, EGCG still interacted with SEA. Our studies are the first to demonstrate the effect of the binding of EGCG to SEA on toxin activity.
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19
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Kadin ME, Hamilton RG, Vonderheid EC. Evidence linking atopy and staphylococcal superantigens to the pathogenesis of lymphomatoid papulosis, a recurrent CD30+ cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorder. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228751. [PMID: 32049976 PMCID: PMC7015403 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Primary cutaneous CD30+ lymphoproliferative disorders (CD30CLPD) are the second most common type of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL) and include lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) and primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma (pcALCL). Case reports and small patient series suggest an association of CD30CLPD with atopic disorders. However, the prevalence of atopy in patients with CD30CLPD in retrospective studies depends on patients’ recall which is not always reliable. More objective criteria of atopy include evidence of skin reactivity to allergens (positive prick test) and evidence of allergen-specific IgE in serum. This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that atopy is prevalent in patients with CD30CLPD using serologic criteria of allergen-specific IgE antibodies to aeroallergens and Staphylococcal aureus enterotoxin superantigens (SSAgs). Methods We tested serum samples of CD30CLPD for common IgE-specific airborne allergens with the Phadiatop test, which if positive, is regarded as serologic evidence of atopy in adults. Sera were also tested for IgE antibodies reactive to three Staphylococcal enterotoxins with superantigenic properties (SSAg-IgE). Control sera were obtained from adult subjects evaluated for rhino-sinusitis and a negative Phadiatop test. Patients’ history of an atopic disorder was obtained by retrospective chart review. Findings Nearly 50% of patients with the most common LyP types (A and C) had a positive Phadiatop test for allergic sensitization to common airborne allergens, and total serum IgE (IgE-t) was increased compared to non-atopic controls. At the IgE antibody concentration generally used to define serologic atopy (≥ 0.35 kUA/L), 8/31 (26%) samples of CD30CLPD and 7/28 (25%) samples of LyP were reactive to at least one SSAg-IgE compared to 3/52 (6%) control specimens (P = 0.016 and P = 0.028, respectively). TSST1-IgE was detected in 7 (23%) specimens of CD30CLPD, often together with SEB-IgE; SEA-IgE ≥ 0.35 kUA/L was not detected. For control specimens, TSST1-IgE exceeded the 0.35 kUA/L threshold in 3 (6%) specimens. Conclusions Patients with LyP types A and C have serologic evidence of atopy against common airborne antigens and SSAgs when compared to control adult subjects who had rhino-sinusitis and a negative Phadiatop test for aero-IgEs. Serologic evidence of atopy exceeded that determined by LyP patients’ personal history. The findings support our hypothesis that an atopic diathesis may contribute to the pathogenesis of the most common types of LyP (A and C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marshall E. Kadin
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lifespan-Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, United States of America
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Surgery, Roger Williams Medical Center, Providence, RI, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Robert G. Hamilton
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- Johns Hopkins Dermatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Reference Laboratory, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Eric C. Vonderheid
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- Sydney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
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Xu R, Shears RK, Sharma R, Krishna M, Webb C, Ali R, Wei X, Kadioglu A, Zhang Q. IL-35 is critical in suppressing superantigenic Staphylococcus aureus-driven inflammatory Th17 responses in human nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue. Mucosal Immunol 2020; 13:460-470. [PMID: 31896761 PMCID: PMC7181393 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-019-0246-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The human nasopharynx is frequently exposed to microbial pathogens, including superantigen-producing Staphylococcus aureus (SAg-Sau), which activates potent pro-inflammatory T cell responses. However, cellular mechanisms that control SAg-Sau-driven T cell activation are poorly understood. Using human nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT), we show that SAg-Sau drove a strong Th17 activation, which was associated with an impaired CD4+ T cell-mediated immune regulation. This impairment of immune control correlated with a significant downregulation of interleukin-35 (IL-35) expression in tonsillar CD4+ T cells by SAg-Sau. Supplementing recombinant IL-35 suppressed SAg-Sau-activated Th17 responses, and this IL-35-mediated suppression positively correlated with the level of Th17 activation. Interestingly, SAg-Sau stimulation induced Foxp3+ Treg expansion and interleukin-10 (IL-10) production, which effectively suppressed the Th1 response, but failed to control the activation of Th17 cells. Overall, our results reveal an aberrant T cell regulation on SAg-Sau-driven Th17 activation and identify IL-35 as a critical cytokine to control superantigenic S.aureus-activated Th17 responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Xu
- 0000 0004 1936 8470grid.10025.36Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Rebecca K. Shears
- 0000 0004 1936 8470grid.10025.36Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ravi Sharma
- 0000 0001 0503 2798grid.413582.9ENT Department, Alder Hey Children’s Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Madhan Krishna
- 0000 0001 0503 2798grid.413582.9ENT Department, Alder Hey Children’s Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Christopher Webb
- 0000 0004 0421 1585grid.269741.fENT Department, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals, Liverpool, UK
| | - Richard Ali
- 0000 0001 0807 5670grid.5600.3Institute of Tissue Engineering and Repair, School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Xiaoqing Wei
- 0000 0001 0807 5670grid.5600.3Institute of Tissue Engineering and Repair, School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Aras Kadioglu
- 0000 0004 1936 8470grid.10025.36Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Qibo Zhang
- 0000 0004 1936 8470grid.10025.36Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Voorhies AA, Mark Ott C, Mehta S, Pierson DL, Crucian BE, Feiveson A, Oubre CM, Torralba M, Moncera K, Zhang Y, Zurek E, Lorenzi HA. Study of the impact of long-duration space missions at the International Space Station on the astronaut microbiome. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9911. [PMID: 31289321 PMCID: PMC6616552 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46303-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the course of a mission to the International Space Station (ISS) crew members are exposed to a number of stressors that can potentially alter the composition of their microbiomes and may have a negative impact on astronauts’ health. Here we investigated the impact of long-term space exploration on the microbiome of nine astronauts that spent six to twelve months in the ISS. We present evidence showing that the microbial communities of the gastrointestinal tract, skin, nose and tongue change during the space mission. The composition of the intestinal microbiota became more similar across astronauts in space, mostly due to a drop in the abundance of a few bacterial taxa, some of which were also correlated with changes in the cytokine profile of crewmembers. Alterations in the skin microbiome that might contribute to the high frequency of skin rashes/hypersensitivity episodes experienced by astronauts in space were also observed. The results from this study demonstrate that the composition of the astronauts’ microbiome is altered during space travel. The impact of those changes on crew health warrants further investigation before humans embark on long-duration voyages into outer space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Voorhies
- Department of Infectious Diseases, J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - C Mark Ott
- NASA-Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Manolito Torralba
- Department of Infectious Diseases, J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Kelvin Moncera
- Department of Infectious Diseases, J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | - Hernan A Lorenzi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD, USA.
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Chaaban MR. Quality, Evidence, and Innovation in Rhinology. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2019; 32:455-457. [PMID: 30486672 DOI: 10.1177/1945892418813225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad R Chaaban
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas
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Kaya Z, Yayla M, Cinar I, Celebi D, Toktay E, Bayraktutan Z, Bilici D. Effect of Montelukast, a Cysteinyl Leukotriene Receptor-1 Antagonist, on a Rat Model of Acute Bacterial Sinonasal Inflammation. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2019; 33:559-566. [PMID: 31129976 DOI: 10.1177/1945892419852576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aim This study aimed to investigate montelukast (MONT), a leukotriene receptor antagonist, as a potential treatment protocol and/or supportive therapy against acute bacterial sinonasal inflammation by histopathological and molecular analyses. Material and Methods A total of 30 rats were used in the study. The nasal dorsum was sterilized, and gelatin sponges were inserted into the right nasal cavities. The nostrils were then inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus (SA) for rhinosinusitis (RS) induction. Rats were treated once daily for 7 days with an injection of saline, either cefazolin sodium (CEFA) or MONT. Tissue samples were collected for examination. Results To evaluate whether CEFA and MONT were able to attenuate the SA-induced nasal inflammation, we analyzed the proinflammatory cytokine levels in the nasal tissue of rats by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α ( P ≤ .05) and interleukin-1α (IL-1α) ( P ≤ .05) increased in the SA-induced group, when compared with the healthy control. MONT treatment significantly reversed these elevations, especially IL-1α messenger RNA expression levels induced by SA. Also, CEFA administration significantly changed the proinflammatory cytokine levels when compared to the SA group, but this effect was not as strong as MONT. Also, histopathological findings supported the beneficial effects of MONT. Conclusion This study histopathologically and molecularly showed that MONT significantly ameliorated the SA-associated sinonasal inflammatory reaction, both alone and in combination with CEFA. These results may suggest that MONT may block the inflammatory reaction underlying RS even more significantly by antioxidative or anti-inflammatory effects. This study suggests MONT as a future potential therapeutic agent for RS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zülküf Kaya
- 1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Yayla
- 2 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Irfan Cinar
- 2 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Demet Celebi
- 3 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Erdem Toktay
- 4 Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Zafer Bayraktutan
- 5 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Dilek Bilici
- 6 Department of Microbiology, Erzurum Training and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
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