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Mehes E, Barath M, Gulyas M, Bugyik E, Geiszt M, Szoor A, Lanyi A, Czirok A. Enhanced endothelial motility and multicellular sprouting is mediated by the scaffold protein TKS4. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14363. [PMID: 31591456 PMCID: PMC6779758 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50915-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell motility has fundamental role in vasculogenesis and angiogenesis during developmental or pathological processes. Tks4 is a scaffold protein known to organize the cytoskeleton of lamellipodia and podosomes, and thus modulating cell motility and invasion. In particular, Tks4 is required for the localization and activity of membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase, a key factor for extracellular matrix (ECM) cleavage during cell migration. While its role in transformed cells is well established, little is known about the function of Tks4 under physiological conditions. In this study we examined the impact of Tks4 gene silencing on the functional activity of primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and used time-lapse videomicrosopy and quantitative image analysis to characterize cell motility phenotypes in culture. We demonstrate that the absence of Tks4 in endothelial cells leads to impaired ECM cleavage and decreased motility within a 3-dimensional ECM environment. Furthermore, absence of Tks4 also decreases the ability of HUVEC cells to form multicellular sprouts, a key requirement for angiogenesis. To establish the involvement of Tks4 in vascular development in vivo, we show that loss of Tks4 leads sparser vasculature in the fetal chorion in the Tks4-deficient ‘nee’ mouse strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elod Mehes
- Department of Biological Physics, Eotvos University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Monika Barath
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Marton Gulyas
- Department of Biological Physics, Eotvos University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edina Bugyik
- First Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklos Geiszt
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Arpad Szoor
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Arpad Lanyi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Andras Czirok
- Department of Biological Physics, Eotvos University, Budapest, Hungary. .,Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
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2
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Kenney RM, Loeser A, Whitman NA, Lockett MR. Paper-based Transwell assays: an inexpensive alternative to study cellular invasion. Analyst 2018; 144:206-211. [PMID: 30328422 PMCID: PMC6296866 DOI: 10.1039/c8an01157e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cellular movement is essential in the formation and maintenance of healthy tissues as well as in disease progression such as tumor metastasis. In this work, we describe a paper-based Transwell assay capable of quantifying cellular invasion through an extracellular matrix. The paper-based Transwell assays generate similar datasets, with equivalent reproducibility, to commercially available Transwell assays. With different culture configurations, we quantify invasion: upon addition of an exogenous factor or in the presence of medium obtained from other cell types, in an indirect or direct co-culture format whose medium composition is dynamically changing, and in a single-zone or parallel (96-zone) format.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael M Kenney
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 125 South Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290, USA.
| | - Adam Loeser
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 125 South Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290, USA.
| | - Nathan A Whitman
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 125 South Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290, USA.
| | - Matthew R Lockett
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 125 South Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290, USA. and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 450 West Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA
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3
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Lakatos D, Somfai E, Méhes E, Czirók A. Soluble VEGFR1 signaling guides vascular patterns into dense branching morphologies. J Theor Biol 2018; 456:261-278. [PMID: 30086288 PMCID: PMC6292526 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Vascular patterning is a key process during development and disease. The diffusive decoy receptor sVEGFR1 (sFlt1) is a known regulator of endothelial cell behavior, yet the mechanism by which it controls vascular structure is little understood. We propose computational models to shed light on how vascular patterning is guided by self-organized gradients of the VEGF/sVEGFR1 factors. We demonstrate that a diffusive inhibitor can generate structures with a dense branching morphology in models where the activator elicits directed growth. Inadequate presence of the inhibitor leads to compact growth, while excessive production of the inhibitor blocks expansion and stabilizes existing structures. Model predictions were compared with time-resolved experimental data obtained from endothelial sprout kinetics in fibrin gels. In the presence of inhibitory antibodies against VEGFR1 vascular sprout density increases while the speed of sprout expansion remains unchanged. Thus, the rate of secretion and stability of extracellular sVEGFR1 can modulate vascular sprout density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dóra Lakatos
- Department of Biological Physics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Ellák Somfai
- Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, Wigner Research Center for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Előd Méhes
- Department of Biological Physics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Czirók
- Department of Biological Physics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
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4
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Matsuda K, Okamoto N, Kondo M, Arkwright PD, Karasawa K, Ishizaka S, Yokota S, Matsuda A, Jung K, Oida K, Amagai Y, Jang H, Noda E, Kakinuma R, Yasui K, Kaku U, Mori Y, Onai N, Ohteki T, Tanaka A, Matsuda H. Mast cell hyperactivity underpins the development of oxygen-induced retinopathy. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:3987-4000. [PMID: 28990934 PMCID: PMC5663365 DOI: 10.1172/jci89893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are classically thought to play an important role in protection against helminth infections and in the induction of allergic diseases; however, recent studies indicate that these cells also contribute to neovascularization, which is critical for tissue remodeling, chronic inflammation, and carcinogenesis. Here, we demonstrate that mast cells are essential for sprouting angiogenesis in a murine model of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR). Although mouse strains lacking mast cells did not exhibit retinal neovascularization following hypoxia, these mice developed OIR following infusion of mast cells or after injection of mast cell tryptase (MCT). Relative hypoxia stimulated mast cell degranulation via transient receptor potential ankyrin 1. Subsequent surges in MCT stimulated retinal endothelial cells to produce monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP1) and angiogenic factors, leading to sprouting angiogenesis. Mast cell stabilizers as well as specific tryptase and MCP1 inhibitors prevented the development of OIR in WT mice. Preterm infants with early retinopathy of prematurity had markedly higher plasma MCT levels than age-matched infants without disease, suggesting mast cells contribute to human disease. Together, these results suggest therapies that suppress mast cell activity should be further explored as a potential option for preventing eye diseases and subsequent blindness induced by neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenshiro Matsuda
- Cooperative Major in Advanced Health Science, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and System Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Okamoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Molecular Pathology and Therapeutics, and Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Kondo
- Department of Neonatology and Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Peter D Arkwright
- Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kaoru Karasawa
- Cooperative Major in Advanced Health Science, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and System Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Saori Ishizaka
- Cooperative Major in Advanced Health Science, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and System Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Yokota
- Laboratory of Veterinary Molecular Pathology and Therapeutics, and Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Matsuda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Molecular Pathology and Therapeutics, and Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyungsook Jung
- Cooperative Major in Advanced Health Science, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and System Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kumiko Oida
- Cooperative Major in Advanced Health Science, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and System Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Amagai
- Cooperative Major in Advanced Health Science, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and System Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.,Tokyo Biomarker Innovation Research Association, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hyosun Jang
- Cooperative Major in Advanced Health Science, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and System Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiichiro Noda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryota Kakinuma
- Laboratory of Comparative Animal Medicine, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koujirou Yasui
- Laboratory of Comparative Animal Medicine, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Uiko Kaku
- Laboratory of Comparative Animal Medicine, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Mori
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Onai
- Department of Biodefense Research, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Ohteki
- Department of Biodefense Research, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akane Tanaka
- Cooperative Major in Advanced Health Science, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and System Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Comparative Animal Medicine, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsuda
- Cooperative Major in Advanced Health Science, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and System Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Veterinary Molecular Pathology and Therapeutics, and Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
Swarming or collective motion of living entities is one of the most common and spectacular manifestations of living systems that have been extensively studied in recent years. A number of general principles have been established. The interactions at the level of cells are quite different from those among individual animals, therefore the study of collective motion of cells is likely to reveal some specific important features which we plan to overview in this paper. In addition to presenting the most appealing results from the quickly growing related literature we also deliver a critical discussion of the emerging picture and summarize our present understanding of collective motion at the cellular level. Collective motion of cells plays an essential role in a number of experimental and real-life situations. In most cases the coordinated motion is a helpful aspect of the given phenomenon and results in making a related process more efficient (e.g., embryogenesis or wound healing), while in the case of tumor cell invasion it appears to speed up the progression of the disease. In these mechanisms cells both have to be motile and adhere to one another, the adherence feature being the most specific to this sort of collective behavior. One of the central aims of this review is to present the related experimental observations and treat them in light of a few basic computational models so as to make an interpretation of the phenomena at a quantitative level as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Előd Méhes
- Department of Biological Physics, Eötvös University, Budapest, Hungary.
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Murfee WL, Sweat RS, Tsubota KI, Mac Gabhann F, Khismatullin D, Peirce SM. Applications of computational models to better understand microvascular remodelling: a focus on biomechanical integration across scales. Interface Focus 2015; 5:20140077. [PMID: 25844149 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2014.0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microvascular network remodelling is a common denominator for multiple pathologies and involves both angiogenesis, defined as the sprouting of new capillaries, and network patterning associated with the organization and connectivity of existing vessels. Much of what we know about microvascular remodelling at the network, cellular and molecular scales has been derived from reductionist biological experiments, yet what happens when the experiments provide incomplete (or only qualitative) information? This review will emphasize the value of applying computational approaches to advance our understanding of the underlying mechanisms and effects of microvascular remodelling. Examples of individual computational models applied to each of the scales will highlight the potential of answering specific questions that cannot be answered using typical biological experimentation alone. Looking into the future, we will also identify the needs and challenges associated with integrating computational models across scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter L Murfee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Tulane University , 500 Lindy Boggs Energy Center, New Orleans, LA 70118 , USA
| | - Richard S Sweat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Tulane University , 500 Lindy Boggs Energy Center, New Orleans, LA 70118 , USA
| | - Ken-Ichi Tsubota
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Chiba University , 1-33 Yayoi, Inage, Chiba 263-8522 , Japan
| | - Feilim Mac Gabhann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Johns Hopkins University , 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218 , USA ; Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Johns Hopkins University , 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218 , USA ; Institute for Computational Medicine , Johns Hopkins University , 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218 , USA
| | - Damir Khismatullin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Tulane University , 500 Lindy Boggs Energy Center, New Orleans, LA 70118 , USA
| | - Shayn M Peirce
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of Virginia , 415 Lane Road, Charlottesville, VA 22903 , USA
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Abstract
Dynamic imaging of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and cells can reveal how tissues are formed. Displacement differences between cells and the adjacent ECM scaffold can be used to establish active movements of mesenchymal cells. Cells can also generate large-scale tissue movements in which cell and ECM displacements are shared. We describe computational methods for analyzing multi-spectral time-lapse image sequences. The resulting data can distinguish between local "active" cellular motion versus large-scale, tissue movements, both of which occur during organogenesis. The movement data also provide the basis for construction of realistic biomechanical models and computer simulations of in vivo tissue formation.
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8
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Czirok A. Endothelial cell motility, coordination and pattern formation during vasculogenesis. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2013; 5:587-602. [PMID: 23857825 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
How vascular networks assemble is a fundamental problem of developmental biology that also has medical importance. To explain the organizational principles behind vascular patterning, we must understand how can tissue level structures be controlled through cell behavior patterns like motility and adhesion that, in turn, are determined by biochemical signal transduction processes? We discuss the various ideas that have been proposed as mechanisms for vascular network assembly: cell motility guided by extracellular matrix alignment (contact guidance), chemotaxis guided by paracrine and autocrine morphogens, and multicellular sprouting guided by cell-cell contacts. All of these processes yield emergent patterns, thus endothelial cells can form an interconnected structure autonomously, without guidance from an external pre-pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andras Czirok
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA; Department of Biological Physics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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