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Chen W, Chen WM, Chen SX, Jiang L, Shu GG, Yin YX, Quan ZP, Zhou ZY, Shen MJ, Qin YT, Yang CL, Su XJ, Kang M. Establishment of a visualized mouse orthotopic xenograft model of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cancer Biol Ther 2024; 25:2382531. [PMID: 39206791 PMCID: PMC11364074 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2024.2382531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Mouse orthotopic xenograft tumor models are commonly employed in studies investigating the mechanisms underlying the development and progression of tumors and their preclinical treatment. However, the unavailability of mature and visualized orthotopic xenograft models of nasopharyngeal carcinoma limits the development of treatment strategies for this cancer. The aim of this study was to provide a simple and reliable method for building an orthotopic xenograft model of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (C666-1-luc) cells, stably expressing the firefly luciferase gene, were injected subcutaneously into the right axilla of BALB/C nude mice. Four weeks later, the resulting subcutaneous tumors were cut into small blocks and grafted into the nasopharynx of immunodeficient BALB/C nude mice to induce tumor formation. Tumor growth was monitored by bioluminescence imaging and small animal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The expression of histological and immunological antigens associated with orthotopic xenograft nasopharyngeal carcinoma was analyzed by tissue section analysis and immunohistochemistry (IHC). A visualized orthotopic xenograft nasopharyngeal carcinoma model was successfully developed in this study. Luminescence signal detection, micro-MRI, and hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed the successful growth of tumors in the nasopharynx of the nude mice. Moreover, IHC analysis detected cytokeratin (CK), CK5/6, P40, and P63 expression in the orthotopic tumors, consistent with the reported expression of these antigens in human nasopharyngeal tumors. This study established a reproducible, visual, and less lethal orthotopic xenograft model of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, providing a platform for preclinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Wei-Min Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Si-Xia Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Ge-Ge Shu
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yuan-Xiu Yin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Quan
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zi-Yan Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Ming-Jun Shen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Ya-Ting Qin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Chao-Lin Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xue-Jin Su
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Min Kang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Nanning, Guangxi, China
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2
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Stribbling SM, Beach C, Ryan AJ. Orthotopic and metastatic tumour models in preclinical cancer research. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 257:108631. [PMID: 38467308 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Mouse models of disease play a pivotal role at all stages of cancer drug development. Cell-line derived subcutaneous tumour models are predominant in early drug discovery, but there is growing recognition of the importance of the more complex orthotopic and metastatic tumour models for understanding both target biology in the correct tissue context, and the impact of the tumour microenvironment and the immune system in responses to treatment. The aim of this review is to highlight the value that orthotopic and metastatic models bring to the study of tumour biology and drug development while pointing out those models that are most likely to be encountered in the literature. Important developments in orthotopic models, such as the increasing use of early passage patient material (PDXs, organoids) and humanised mouse models are discussed, as these approaches have the potential to increase the predictive value of preclinical studies, and ultimately improve the success rate of anticancer drugs in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Stribbling
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Callum Beach
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, ORCRB, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Anderson J Ryan
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, ORCRB, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK; Fast Biopharma, Aston Rowant, Oxfordshire, OX49 5SW, UK.
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3
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Mahmoudian RA, Farshchian M, Golyan FF, Mahmoudian P, Alasti A, Moghimi V, Maftooh M, Khazaei M, Hassanian SM, Ferns GA, Mahaki H, Shahidsales S, Avan A. Preclinical tumor mouse models for studying esophageal cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2023; 189:104068. [PMID: 37468084 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.104068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Preclinical models are extensively employed in cancer research because they can be manipulated in terms of their environment, genome, molecular biology, organ systems, and physical activity to mimic human behavior and conditions. The progress made in in vivo cancer research has resulted in significant advancements, enabling the creation of spontaneous, metastatic, and humanized mouse models. Most recently, the remarkable and extensive developments in genetic engineering, particularly the utilization of CRISPR/Cas9, transposable elements, epigenome modifications, and liquid biopsies, have further facilitated the design and development of numerous mouse models for studying cancer. In this review, we have elucidated the production and usage of current mouse models, such as xenografts, chemical-induced models, and genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs), for studying esophageal cancer. Additionally, we have briefly discussed various gene-editing tools that could potentially be employed in the future to create mouse models specifically for esophageal cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reihaneh Alsadat Mahmoudian
- Cancer Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Basic Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Moein Farshchian
- Division of Oncology, Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Fatemeh Fardi Golyan
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Mahmoudian
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Alasti
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vahid Moghimi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Mina Maftooh
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Khazaei
- Basic Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Basic Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Department of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex BN1 9PH, UK
| | - Hanie Mahaki
- Vascular & Endovascular Surgery Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; College of Medicine, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Karbala, Iraq; Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
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4
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Chen Y, Zhang X, Lu X, Wu H, Zhang D, Zhu B, Huang S. Ultra-sensitive responsive near-infrared fluorescent nitroreductase probe with strong specificity for imaging tumor and detecting the invasiveness of tumor cells. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 268:120634. [PMID: 34836811 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia plays an important role in cancer progression, which is a characteristic feature of the tumor micro-environment and reflects the invasiveness of tumor cells. Nitroreductase (NTR) is overexpressed in hypoxic tumors, which making it an efficient target for detecting the hypoxic state in tumor. In this work, a new type of nitro-based fluorescent probe, named HNT-NTR, has been proposed, HNT-NTR could detect specifically and rapidly the NTR degree, which reflects the level of hypoxia in bidimensional (2D) tumor cells, three-dimensional (3D) tumor spheres and even the real tumors in vivo without biological toxicity. Most importantly, according to the research, HNT-NTR even could distinguish tumor cells from other normal cells in vivo and reflect the invasiveness of tumor cells by the near-infrared fluorescence intensity, which provides a new way of clinical pathologic diagnosis. All in all, HNT-NTR not only is proven to be an ideal probe for detecting solid tumors in vivo, but also has great potential to distinguish if cells are benign or malignant and even guide therapeutic applications in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Xiaoya Lu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Haiwei Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Dongsheng Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Baocun Zhu
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Shengyun Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
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5
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Exosomes in head and neck cancer: Roles, mechanisms and applications. Cancer Lett 2020; 494:7-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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6
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Salle H, Pocard M, Lehmann-Che J, Bourthoumieu S, Labrousse F, Pimpie C, Lemnos L, Guichard JP, Froelich S, Adle-Biassette H. Development of a Novel Orthotopic Primary Human Chordoma Xenograft Model: A Relevant Support for Future Research on Chordoma. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2020; 79:314-324. [PMID: 31841164 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlz121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chordomas are slow-growing rare malignant neoplasms. The aim of this study was to establish a primary model of chordoma in the lumbosacral orthotopic area, to compare the growth rate to the subcutaneous site, and to show that this new graft site optimizes tumor growth and bony invasion. Eleven chordoma samples were transplanted subcutaneously in the flank and/or in contact with the lumbosacral region and grown into nude mice. Engraftment rate was significantly more successful in the lumbosacral environment compared with the flank at P0. Two xenografts from 2 patients showed bone invasion. One tumor was maintained through multiple rounds of serial transplantation, creating a model for study. Histological and immunostaining analysis confirmed that tumor grafts recapitulated the primary tumor from which they were derived, consisting of a myxoid chordoma expressing brachyury, cytokeratin AE1, EMA, and VEGF. Clear destruction of the bone by the tumor cells could be demonstrated. Molecular studies revealed PIK3CA and PTEN mutations involved in PI3K signaling pathway and most of the frequently reported chromosomal alterations. We present a novel orthotopic primary xenograft model of chordoma implanted for the first time in the lumbosacral area showing bone invasion, PIK3CA, and PTEN mutations that will facilitate preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri Salle
- From the Université Paris-Diderot, Unité INSERM U965-Paris 7, Paris, France.,Service Neurochirurgie, Hôpital Lariboisière - AP-HP, Paris, France.,Hôpital Dupuytren, CHU Limoges, Université de Limoges, Limoges, France.,Hôpital Dupuytren, CHU Limoges, Service Neurochirurgie, Limoges, France
| | - Marc Pocard
- From the Université Paris-Diderot, Unité INSERM U965-Paris 7, Paris, France.,Service Neurochirurgie, Hôpital Lariboisière - AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Jacqueline Lehmann-Che
- Université de Paris, HIPI INSERM U976, Paris, France.,Molecular Oncology Unit, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Bourthoumieu
- Université de Limoges, EA6309 Maintenance myélinique et neuropathie périphérique, Limoges, France
| | | | - Cynthia Pimpie
- From the Université Paris-Diderot, Unité INSERM U965-Paris 7, Paris, France
| | - Leslie Lemnos
- Hôpital Dupuytren, CHU Limoges, Service Neurochirurgie, Limoges, France
| | | | - Sebastien Froelich
- From the Université Paris-Diderot, Unité INSERM U965-Paris 7, Paris, France
| | - Homa Adle-Biassette
- Service d'Anatomie et de Cytologie Pathologiques, Hôpital Lariboisère - AP-HP, Paris, France.,Plateforme de Bio-Pathologie et de Technologies Innovantes en Santé, Centre de Ressources Biologiques BB-0033-00064, Hôpital Lariboisière-APHP, Paris, France.,Université Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, Paris, France
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7
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Study on the Drug Targets and Molecular Mechanisms of Rhizoma Curcumae in the Treatment of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Based on Network Pharmacology. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:2606402. [PMID: 32595725 PMCID: PMC7301251 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2606402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Aim To analyse the target of Rhizoma Curcumae in nasopharyngeal carcinoma by using network pharmacological techniques and to explore the associated molecular mechanism. Methods The targets of nasopharyngeal carcinoma were retrieved from the GeneCards database. At the same time, the drug therapeutic targets of Rhizoma Curcumae were obtained from the TCMSP and SymMap databases. The data were imported into the STRING database and Cytoscape 3.7.1 to construct a network of “Chinese medicine component-target-disease” interactions; then, the intersection was screened as the core Rhizoma Curcumae antinasopharyngeal cancer targets. Through GO target function and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses of the core targets, we predicted the biological processes and key signalling pathways involved in the Rhizoma Curcumae treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Results Twenty-five core targets of Rhizoma Curcumae in nasopharyngeal carcinoma were mined: TP53, BCL2 ICAM1 RXRA, TLR3 and TLR9, TNF, PTGS2, IL-6, CTSD, MMP2, MMP9, MMP14, TIMP2, ABCC1, ABCB1, ABCG2, and so on. The results of visual analysis showed that the Rhizoma Curcumae treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma mainly involves leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelial cells, positive regulation of NF-κB import into the nucleus, regulation of the reactive oxygen species biosynthetic and metabolic process, regulation of the chemokine biosynthetic and metabolic process, various cancer-related signalling pathways, and a variety of cytokine signal transduction pathways, such as the NF-κB, TLR, IL-17, and TNF signalling pathways. Conclusion The core targets predicted by our research can be used as molecular markers for the treatment and prediction of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The mechanism of Rhizoma Curcumae treatment in NPC may be related to immune regulatory pathways, the inhibition of cancer cell proliferation, metastasis, and angiogenesis, as well as the regulation of tumour microenvironment. Combined with the prediction of its associated mechanism of action, the core targets can provide targeted reference value for subsequent drug development related to Curcuma.
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Lam BP, Cheung SKC, Lam YW, Pang SW. Microenvironmental topographic cues influence migration dynamics of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells from tumour spheroids. RSC Adv 2020; 10:28975-28983. [PMID: 35520045 PMCID: PMC9055862 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03740k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour metastasis is a complex process that strongly influences the prognosis and treatment of cancer. Apart from intracellular factors, recent studies have indicated that metastasis also depends on microenvironmental factors such as the biochemical, mechanical and topographical properties of the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM) of tumours. In this study, as a proof of concept, we conducted tumour spheroid dissemination assay on engineered surfaces with micrograting patterns. Nasopharyngeal spheroids were generated by the 3D culture of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC43) cells, a newly established cell line that maintains a high level of Epstein–Barr virus, a hallmark of NPC. Three types of collagen I-coated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates were used, with 15 μm deep “trenches” that grated the surfaces: (a) 40/10 μm ridges (R)/trenches (T), (b) 18/18 μm (R/T) and (c) 50/50 μm (R/T). The dimensions of these patterns were designed to test how various topographical cues, different with respect to the size of tumour spheroids and individual NPC43 cells, might affect dissemination behaviours. Spreading efficiencies on all three patterned surfaces, especially 18/18 μm (R/T), were lower than that on flat PDMS surface. The outspreading cell sheets on flat and 40/10 μm (R/T) surfaces were relatively symmetrical but appeared ellipsoid and aligned with the main axes of the 18/18 μm (R/T) and 50/50 μm (R/T) grating platforms. Focal adhesions (FAs) were found to preferentially formed on the ridges of all patterns. The number of FAs per spheroid was strongly influenced by the grating pattern, with the least FAs on the 40/10 μm (R/T) and the most on the 50/50 μm (R/T) substrate. Taken together, these data indicate a previously unknown effect of surface topography on the efficiency and directionality of cancer cell spreading from tumour spheroids, suggesting that topography, like ECM biochemistry and stiffness, can influence the migration dynamics in 3D cell culture models. Investigation of collective migration of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells from tumour spheroids on micro-engineered platforms that induced asymmetrical tumour shape.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowie P. Lam
- Department of Electrical Engineering
- City University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- Centre for Biosystems, Neuroscience, and Nanotechnology
- City University of Hong Kong
| | - Sarah K. C. Cheung
- Centre for Biosystems, Neuroscience, and Nanotechnology
- City University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- Department of Chemistry
- City University of Hong Kong
| | - Yun W. Lam
- Centre for Biosystems, Neuroscience, and Nanotechnology
- City University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- Department of Chemistry
- City University of Hong Kong
| | - Stella W. Pang
- Department of Electrical Engineering
- City University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- Centre for Biosystems, Neuroscience, and Nanotechnology
- City University of Hong Kong
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9
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Rivera-Soto R, Damania B. Modulation of Angiogenic Processes by the Human Gammaherpesviruses, Epstein-Barr Virus and Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1544. [PMID: 31354653 PMCID: PMC6640166 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is the biological process by which new blood vessels are formed from pre-existing vessels. It is considered one of the classic hallmarks of cancer, as pathological angiogenesis provides oxygen and essential nutrients to growing tumors. Two of the seven known human oncoviruses, Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), belong to the Gammaherpesvirinae subfamily. Both viruses are associated with several malignancies including lymphomas, nasopharyngeal carcinomas, and Kaposi’s sarcoma. The viral genomes code for a plethora of viral factors, including proteins and non-coding RNAs, some of which have been shown to deregulate angiogenic pathways and promote tumor growth. In this review, we discuss the ability of both viruses to modulate the pro-angiogenic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Rivera-Soto
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Blossom Damania
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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10
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Lee HM, Okuda KS, González FE, Patel V. Current Perspectives on Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1164:11-34. [PMID: 31576537 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-22254-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Of the ~129,079 new cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and 72,987 associated deaths estimated for 2018, the majority will be geographically localized to South East Asia, and likely to show an upward trend annually. It is thought that disparities in dietary habits, lifestyle, and exposures to harmful environmental factors are likely the root cause of NPC incidence rates to differ geographically. Genetic differences due to ethnicity and the Epstein Barr virus (EBV) are likely contributing factors. Pertinently, NPC is associated with poor prognosis which is largely attributed to lack of awareness of the salient symptoms of NPC. These include nose hemorrhage and headaches and coupled with detection and the limited therapeutic options. Treatment options include radiotherapy or chemotherapy or combination of both. Surgical excision is generally the last option considered for advanced and metastatic disease, given the close proximity of nasopharynx to brain stem cell area, major blood vessels, and nerves. To improve outcome of NPC patients, novel cellular and in vivo systems are needed to allow an understanding of the underling molecular events causal for NPC pathogenesis and for identifying novel therapeutic targets and effective therapies. While challenges and gaps in current NPC research are noted, some advances in targeted therapies and immunotherapies targeting EBV NPCs are discussed in this chapter, which may offer improvements in outcome of NPC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Mei Lee
- Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kazuhida Shaun Okuda
- Division of Genomics of Development and Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Fermín E González
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology and Cancer, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Vyomesh Patel
- Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
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11
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Gallardo F, Mariamé B, Gence R, Tilkin-Mariamé AF. Macrocyclic lactones inhibit nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells proliferation through PAK1 inhibition and reduce in vivo tumor growth. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2018; 12:2805-2814. [PMID: 30233143 PMCID: PMC6135081 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s172538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated cancer nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is rare in Europe and North America but is a real public health problem in some regions of the world, such as southern Asia, North Africa, and for Inuit populations. Due to the anatomy and location of the nasopharynx, surgery is rarely used to treat primary NPC cancers. Treatment by radiotherapy, combined or not with chemotherapy, are efficient for primary tumors but often do not protect against fatal relapses or metastases. Methods Search for new therapeutic molecules through high content screening lead to the identification of Ivermectin (IVM) as a promising drug. IVM is a US Food and Drug Administration-approved macrocyclic lactone widely used as anthelmintic and insecticidal agent that has also shown protective effects against cancers. Results We show here that IVM has cytotoxic activity in vitro against NPC cells, in which it reduces MAPKs pathway activation through the inhibition PAK-1 activity. Moreover, all macrocyclic lactones tested and a PAK1 inhibitor are cytotoxic in vitro for EBV-positive and EBV-negative NPC tumor cells. We have also shown that IVM intraperitoneal repeated injections, at US Food and Drug Administration-approved doses, have no significant toxicity and decrease NPC subcutaneous tumors development in nude mice. Conclusion Macrocyclic lactones appear as promising molecules against NPC targeting PAK-1 with no detectable adverse effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Gallardo
- NeoVirTech, SAS, Institut for Advanced Technology in Life Science (ITAV), Toulouse, France,
| | | | - Remi Gence
- INSERM UMR 1037, CRCT, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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12
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Fujiwara S. Animal Models of Human Gammaherpesvirus Infections. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1045:413-436. [PMID: 29896678 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-7230-7_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Humans are the only natural host of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), and this strict host tropism has hampered the development of animal models of these human gammaherpesviruses. To overcome this difficulty and develop useful models for these viruses, three main approaches have been employed: first, experimental infection of laboratory animals [mainly new-world non-human primates (NHPs)] with EBV or KSHV; second, experimental infection of NHPs (mainly old-world NHPs) with EBV- or KSHV-related gammaherpesviruses inherent to respective NHPs; and third, experimental infection of humanized mice, i.e., immunodeficient mice engrafted with functional human cells or tissues (mainly human immune system components) with EBV or KSHV. These models have recapitulated diseases caused by human gammaherpesviruses, their asymptomatic persistent infections, as well as both innate and adaptive immune responses to them, facilitating the development of novel therapeutic and prophylactic measures against these viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeyoshi Fujiwara
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan. .,Division of Hematology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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13
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Teow SY, Yap HY, Peh SC. Epstein-Barr Virus as a Promising Immunotherapeutic Target for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Treatment. J Pathog 2017; 2017:7349268. [PMID: 29464124 PMCID: PMC5804410 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7349268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a pathogen that infects more than 90% of global human population. EBV primarily targets B-lymphocytes and epithelial cells while some of them infect monocyte/macrophage, T-lymphocytes, and dendritic cells (DCs). EBV infection does not cause death by itself but the infection has been persistently associated with certain type of cancers such as nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), Burkitt's lymphoma (BL), and Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL). Recent findings have shown promise on targeting EBV proteins for cancer therapy by immunotherapeutic approach. Some studies have also shown the success of adopting EBV-based therapeutic vaccines for the prevention of EBV-associated cancer particularly on NPC. In-depth investigations are in progress to refine the current therapeutic and vaccination strategies. In present review, we discuss the highly potential EBV targets for NPC immunotherapy and therapeutic vaccine development as well as addressing the underlying challenges in the process of bringing the therapy and vaccination from the bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sin-Yeang Teow
- Sunway Institute for Healthcare Development (SIHD), Sunway University, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Hooi-Yeen Yap
- Sunway Institute for Healthcare Development (SIHD), Sunway University, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Suat-Cheng Peh
- Sunway Institute for Healthcare Development (SIHD), Sunway University, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Anatomical Pathology Department, Sunway Medical Centre, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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14
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Ma L, Chen Q, Ma P, Han MK, Xu Z, Kang Y, Xiao B, Merlin D. iRGD-functionalized PEGylated nanoparticles for enhanced colon tumor accumulation and targeted drug delivery. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2017; 12:1991-2006. [PMID: 28745123 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2017-0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To enhance the tumor accumulation and targeted drug delivery for colon cancer therapy, iRGD peptide was introduced to the surface of PEGylated camptothecin-loaded nanoparticles (NPs). METHODS Cellular uptake, targeting specificity, biodistribution and antitumor capacity were evaluated. RESULTS The functionalization of iRGD facilitated tumor accumulation and cellular uptake of NPs by Colon-26 cells. Furthermore, the resultant iRGD-PEG-NPs remarkably improved the therapeutic efficacy of camptothecin in vitro and in vivo by inducing a higher degree of tumor cell apoptosis compared with PEG-NPs. CONCLUSION iRGD-PEG-NP is a desired drug delivery system to facilitate the drug accumulation in orthotopic colon tumor tissues and further drug internalization by colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Ma
- Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials & Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Qiubing Chen
- Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials & Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Panpan Ma
- Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials & Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Moon Kwon Han
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Center for Diagnostics & Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA
| | - Zhigang Xu
- Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials & Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Yuejun Kang
- Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials & Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Bo Xiao
- Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials & Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China.,Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Center for Diagnostics & Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA
| | - Didier Merlin
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Center for Diagnostics & Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA.,Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
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15
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Siva Sankar P, Che Mat MF, Muniandy K, Xiang BLS, Ling PS, Hoe SLL, Khoo ASB, Mohana-Kumaran N. Modeling nasopharyngeal carcinoma in three dimensions. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:2034-2044. [PMID: 28454359 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a type of cancer endemic in Asia, including Malaysia, Southern China, Hong Kong and Taiwan. Treatment resistance, particularly in recurring cases, remains a challenge. Thus, studies to develop novel therapeutic agents are important. Potential therapeutic compounds may be effectively examined using two-dimensional (2D) cell culture models, three-dimensional (3D) spheroid models or in vivo animal models. The majority of drug assessments for cancers, including for NPC, are currently performed with 2D cell culture models. This model offers economical and high-throughput screening advantages. However, 2D cell culture models cannot recapitulate the architecture and the microenvironment of a tumor. In vivo models may recapitulate certain architectural and microenvironmental conditions of a tumor, however, these are not feasible for the screening of large numbers of compounds. By contrast, 3D spheroid models may be able to recapitulate a physiological microenvironment not observed in 2D cell culture models, in addition to avoiding the impediments of in vivo animal models. Thus, the 3D spheroid model offers a more representative model for the study of NPC growth, invasion and drug response, which may be cost-effective without forgoing quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabu Siva Sankar
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Gelugor, Malaysia.,Infectomics Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200 Kepala Batas, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Firdaus Che Mat
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kalaivani Muniandy
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Gelugor, Malaysia
| | | | - Phang Su Ling
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Gelugor, Malaysia
| | - Susan Ling Ling Hoe
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Alan Soo-Beng Khoo
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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16
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Cai L, Li J, Zhang X, Lu Y, Wang J, Lyu X, Chen Y, Liu J, Cai H, Wang Y, Li X. Gold nano-particles (AuNPs) carrying anti-EBV-miR-BART7-3p inhibit growth of EBV-positive nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:7838-50. [PMID: 25691053 PMCID: PMC4480720 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is a major etiological factor for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Several EBV-encoded BART miRNAs have been associated with viral latency, immune escape, cell survival, cell proliferation and apoptosis. Here, we report that EBV-miR-BART7-3p, an EBV-encoded BART miRNA highly expressed in NPC, was correlated with cell-cycle progression in vitro and increased tumor formation in vivo. This viral miRNA stimulated the PTEN/PI3K/Akt pathway and induced c-Myc and c-Jun. Knockdown of PTEN mimicked EBV-miR-BART7-3p-induced tumorigenic phenotype. Based on these results, we conducted a therapeutic experiment by using gold nano-particles (AuNPs) carrying anti-EBV-miR-BART7-3p. Silencing of EBV-miR-BART7-3p reduced tumor growth in animal model. We conclude that EBV-miR-BART7-3p favors carcinogenesis, representing a potential target for miRNA-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longmei Cai
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jinbang Li
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiaona Zhang
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Yaoyong Lu
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Gaozhou People's Hospital, Gaozhou 525200, China
| | - Jianguo Wang
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiaoming Lyu
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Central Medical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yuxiang Chen
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jinkun Liu
- School of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hongbing Cai
- School of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xin Li
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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17
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Fang W, Zhang J, Hong S, Zhan J, Chen N, Qin T, Tang Y, Zhang Y, Kang S, Zhou T, Wu X, Liang W, Hu Z, Ma Y, Zhao Y, Tian Y, Yang Y, Xue C, Yan Y, Hou X, Huang P, Huang Y, Zhao H, Zhang L. EBV-driven LMP1 and IFN-γ up-regulate PD-L1 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Implications for oncotargeted therapy. Oncotarget 2015; 5:12189-202. [PMID: 25361008 PMCID: PMC4322961 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PD-L1 expression is a feature of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) associated malignancies such as nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Here, we found that EBV-induced latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) and IFN-γ pathways cooperate to regulate programmed cell death protein 1 ligand (PD-L1). Expression of PD-L1 was higher in EBV positive NPC cell lines compared with EBV negative cell lines. PD-L1 expression could be increased by exogenous and endogenous induction of LMP1 induced PD-L1. In agreement, expression of PD-L1 was suppressed by knocking down LMP1 in EBV positive cell lines. We further demonstrated that LMP1 up-regulated PD-L1 through STAT3, AP-1, and NF-κB pathways. Besides, IFN-γ was independent of but synergetic with LMP1 in up-regulating PD-L1 in NPC. Furthermore, we showed that PD-L1 was associated with worse disease-free survival in NPC patients. These results imply that blocking both the LMP1 oncogenic pathway and PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoints may be a promising therapeutic approach for EBV positive NPC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Fang
- State Key laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China. Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianwei Zhang
- Department of Oncology, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaodong Hong
- State Key laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China. Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianhua Zhan
- State Key laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China. Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Nan Chen
- Department of Oncology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Tao Qin
- State Key laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China. Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanna Tang
- Department of Oncology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaxiong Zhang
- State Key laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China. Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shiyang Kang
- State Key laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China. Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- State Key laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China. Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuan Wu
- State Key laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China. Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenhua Liang
- State Key laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China. Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhihuang Hu
- State Key laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China. Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuxiang Ma
- State Key laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China. Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- State Key laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China. Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Tian
- State Key laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China. Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunpeng Yang
- State Key laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China. Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Cong Xue
- State Key laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China. Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yue Yan
- State Key laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China. Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xue Hou
- State Key laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China. Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Peiyu Huang
- State Key laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China. Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Huang
- State Key laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China. Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongyun Zhao
- State Key laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China. Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China. Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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18
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Li M, Tang Z, Zhang D, Sun H, Liu H, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Chen X. Doxorubicin-loaded polysaccharide nanoparticles suppress the growth of murine colorectal carcinoma and inhibit the metastasis of murine mammary carcinoma in rodent models. Biomaterials 2015; 51:161-172. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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19
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Chan YK, Zhang H, Liu P, Tsao SW, Lung ML, Mak NK, Ngok-Shun Wong R, Ying-Kit Yue P. Proteomic analysis of exosomes from nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell identifies intercellular transfer of angiogenic proteins. Int J Cancer 2015; 137:1830-41. [PMID: 25857718 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes, a group of secreted extracellular nanovesicles containing genetic materials and signaling molecules, play a critical role in intercellular communication. During tumorigenesis, exosomes have been demonstrated to promote tumor angiogenesis and metastasis while their biological functions in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) are poorly understood. In this study, we focused on the role of NPC-derived exosomes on angiogenesis. Exosomes derived from the NPC C666-1 cells and immortalized nasopharyngeal epithelial cells (NP69 and NP460) were isolated using ultracentrifugation. The molecular profile and biophysical characteristics of exosomes were verified by Western blotting, sucrose density gradient and electron microscopy. We showed that the C666-1 exosomes (10 and 20 μg/ml) could significantly increase the tubulogenesis, migration and invasion of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in a dose-dependent manner. Subsequently, an iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics was used to identify the differentially expressed proteins in C666-1 exosomes. Among the 640 identified proteins, 51 and 89 proteins were considered as up- and down-regulated (≥ 1.5-fold variations) in C666-1 exosomes compared to the normal counterparts, respectively. As expected, pro-angiogenic proteins including intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and CD44 variant isoform 5 (CD44v5) are among the up-regulated proteins, whereas angio-suppressive protein, thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) was down-regulated in C666-1 exosomes. Further confocal microscopic study and Western blotting clearly demonstrated that the alteration of ICAM-1 and TSP-1 expressions in recipient HUVECs are due to internalization of exosomes. Taken together, these data strongly indicated the critical roles of identified angiogenic proteins in the involvement of exosomes-induced angiogenesis, which could potentially be developed as therapeutic targets in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuk-Kit Chan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Huoming Zhang
- Bioscience Core Laboratory, King Abdullah, University of Science and Technology, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pei Liu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Sai-Wah Tsao
- Department of Anatomy, University of Hong Kong.,Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, University of Hong Kong
| | - Maria Li Lung
- Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, University of Hong Kong.,Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong
| | - Nai-Ki Mak
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR.,Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, University of Hong Kong
| | - Ricky Ngok-Shun Wong
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Patrick Ying-Kit Yue
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR
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20
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Therapeutic targeting of CBP/β-catenin signaling reduces cancer stem-like population and synergistically suppresses growth of EBV-positive nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells with cisplatin. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9979. [PMID: 25897700 PMCID: PMC4404684 DOI: 10.1038/srep09979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an EBV-associated epithelial malignancy prevalent in southern China. Presence of treatment-resistant cancer stem cells (CSC) may associate with tumor relapse and metastasis in NPC. ICG-001 is a specific CBP/β-catenin antagonist that can block CBP/β-catenin-mediated transcription of stem cell associated genes and enhance p300/β-catenin-mediated transcription, thereby reducing the CSC-like population via forced differentiation. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of ICG-001 on the CSC-like population, and the combination effect of ICG-001 with cisplatin in the C666-1 EBV-positive NPC cells. Results showed that ICG-001 inhibited C666-1 cell growth and reduced expression of CSC-associated proteins with altered expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers. ICG-001 also inhibited C666-1 tumor sphere formation, accompanied with reduced SOX2hi/CD44hi CSC-like population. ICG-001 was also found to restore the expression of a tumor suppressive microRNA-145 (miR-145). Ectopic expression of miR-145 effectively repressed SOX2 protein expression and inhibited tumor sphere formation. Combination of ICG-001 with cisplatin synergistically suppressed in vitro growth of C666-1 cells and significantly suppressed growth of NPC xenografts. These results suggested that therapeutically targeting of the CBP/β-catenin signaling pathway with ICG-001 can effectively reduce the CSC-like population and combination with cisplatin can effectively suppress the growth of NPC.
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21
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Qiu J, Smith P, Leahy L, Thorley-Lawson DA. The Epstein-Barr virus encoded BART miRNAs potentiate tumor growth in vivo. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1004561. [PMID: 25590614 PMCID: PMC4295875 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The human herpes virus Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latently infects and drives the proliferation of B lymphocytes in vitro and is associated with several forms of lymphoma and carcinoma in vivo. The virus encodes ~30 miRNAs in the BART region, the function of most of which remains elusive. Here we have used a new mouse xenograft model of EBV driven carcinomagenesis to demonstrate that the BART miRNAs potentiate tumor growth and development in vivo. No effect was seen on invasion or metastasis, and the growth promoting activity was not seen in vitro. In vivo tumor growth was not associated with the expression of specific BART miRNAs but with up regulation of all the BART miRNAs, consistent with previous observations that all the BART miRNAs are highly expressed in all of the EBV associated cancers. Based on these observations, we suggest that deregulated expression of the BART miRNAs potentiates tumor growth and represents a general mechanism behind EBV associated oncogenesis. Epstein-Barr virus is a herpes virus that persistently infects essentially every human being for life. It also has the ability to latently infect B lymphocytes and cause them to proliferate indefinitely in culture, and is associated with several forms of carcinoma and lymphoma. The virus contains genes for ~30 miRNAs in its BART region. The functions of these miRNAs are mostly unknown, but it is clear that they are not required to drive the growth of infected cells in vitro. We have shown previously, however, that these miRNAs are all highly expressed in the EBV associated cancers and that their expression is deregulated suggesting they may play a role in vivo. Until now, the significance of BART miRNAs to tumor development in vivo was unknown. Here we have used a mouse xenograft model to show that these miRNAs, while having little or no discernible effect on the growth of infected cells in vitro, potentiate the seeding and growth of EBV associated tumors in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Qiu
- Department of Pathology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Pamela Smith
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Leah Leahy
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - David A. Thorley-Lawson
- Department of Pathology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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22
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Ruggeri BA, Camp F, Miknyoczki S. Animal models of disease: pre-clinical animal models of cancer and their applications and utility in drug discovery. Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 87:150-61. [PMID: 23817077 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Preclinical models of human cancers are indispensable in the drug discovery and development process for new cancer drugs, small molecules and biologics. They are however imperfect facsimiles of human cancers given the genetic and epigenetic heterogeneity of the latter and the multiplicity of dysregulated survival and growth-regulatory pathways that characterize this spectrum of diseases. This review discusses pre-clinical tumor models - traditional ectopic xenografts, orthotopic xenografts, genetically engineered tumor models, primary human tumorgrafts, and various multi-stage carcinogen-induced tumor models - their advantages, limitations, physiological and pathological relevance. Collectively, these animal models represent a portfolio of test systems that should be utilized at specific stages in the drug discovery process in a pragmatic and hierarchical manner of increasing complexity, physiological relevance, and clinical predictability of the human response. Additionally, evaluating the efficacy of novel therapeutic agents emerging from drug discovery programs in a variety of pre-clinical models can better mimic the heterogeneity of human cancers and also aid in establishing dose levels, dose regimens and drug combinations for use in clinical trials. Nonetheless, despite the sophistication and physiological relevance of these human cancer models (e.g., genetically engineered tumor models and primary human tumografts), the ultimate proof of concept for efficacy and safety of novel oncology therapeutics lies in humans. The judicious interpretation and extrapolation of data derived from these models to humans, and a correspondingly greater emphasis placed on translational medical research in early stage clinical trials, are essential to improve on the current clinical attrition rates for novel oncology therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce A Ruggeri
- Oncology Discovery & Product Development, Global Branded R & D, Teva Pharmaceuticals, Inc, 145 Brandywine Parkway, West Chester, PA 19380, USA.
| | - Faye Camp
- Oncology Discovery & Product Development, Global Branded R & D, Teva Pharmaceuticals, Inc, 145 Brandywine Parkway, West Chester, PA 19380, USA
| | - Sheila Miknyoczki
- Oncology Discovery & Product Development, Global Branded R & D, Teva Pharmaceuticals, Inc, 145 Brandywine Parkway, West Chester, PA 19380, USA
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