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Zou Y, Wang J, Zhang J, Guo Q, Song Z, Tang H. Prognostic value of PD‑L1 expression and CD68 macrophages in tumor nest of patients with primary gastric cancer. Oncol Lett 2024; 27:20. [PMID: 38058467 PMCID: PMC10696633 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.14153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The programmed death receptor 1/programmed death receptor ligand 1 axis (PD-1/PD-L1) is involved in tumor immune escape and is a potential prognostic biomarker and anti-tumor immunotherapy target in patients with gastric cancer (GC). However, the results of studies obtained in recent years have been inconsistent. The present study aimed to determine the possible predictive significance of PD-L1 in conjunction with three proteins linked with PD-L1 regulation in patients with primary GC. In the present study, the PD-L1, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), cluster of differentiation (CD)133 and microphage-associated CD68 expression levels were identified by multiplexed immunohistochemistry and assessed by automated pathological analysis system in 93 GC tumors and neighboring normal tissues arrayed on the same tissue microarray. All four proteins were statistically analyzed in relation to the clinicopathological characteristics. The expression levels of HER2, CD133 and CD68 were considerably higher in cancer tissues compared with neighboring normal tissues (P<0.05), however, the reverse trend was detected for PD-L1 expression (P=0.0577), particularly in tumor nest (TN; P<0.05). There was no significant correlation between the HER2 and CD133 expression levels and clinicopathological factors. However, significant relationships were found between PD-L1 expression and the TNM stage, pathological differentiation and survival status of patients (P<0.05). Moreover, survival time was prolonged in individuals with elevated PD-L1 expression in TN and GC tissues, but no significant correlation was identified (P=0.0881). The CD68 expression level in tumor stroma, but not in TN, was significantly correlated with poor pathological differentiation in patients with GC (P<0.05). However, PD-L1+CD68+ macrophages were strongly related to lower tumor size (diameter <5 cm), early TNM stage (stage I+II), good pathological differentiation and overall survival in TN (P<0.05). In conclusion, PD-L1+CD68+ macrophage infiltration in TN might be a potential indicator of prognosis in patients with primary GC and merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlian Zou
- Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650504, P.R. China
| | - Jinli Wang
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650504, P.R. China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Jinping Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650504, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650504, P.R. China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Zhengji Song
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650504, P.R. China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Hui Tang
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650504, P.R. China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
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Cotino-Nájera S, Herrera LA, Domínguez-Gómez G, Díaz-Chávez J. Molecular mechanisms of resveratrol as chemo and radiosensitizer in cancer. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1287505. [PMID: 38026933 PMCID: PMC10667487 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1287505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the primary diseases that cause death worldwide is cancer. Cancer cells can be intrinsically resistant or acquire resistance to therapies and drugs used for cancer treatment through multiple mechanisms of action that favor cell survival and proliferation, becoming one of the leading causes of treatment failure against cancer. A promising strategy to overcome chemoresistance and radioresistance is the co-administration of anticancer agents and natural compounds with anticancer properties, such as the polyphenolic compound resveratrol (RSV). RSV has been reported to be able to sensitize cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents and radiotherapy, promoting cancer cell death. This review describes the reported molecular mechanisms by which RSV sensitizes tumor cells to radiotherapy and chemotherapy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Cotino-Nájera
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular, Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Luis A. Herrera
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular, Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud-Tecnológico de Monterrey, México City, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Domínguez-Gómez
- Subdirección de Investigación Clínica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCAN), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - José Díaz-Chávez
- Unidad de Investigación en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Pous A, Notario L, Hierro C, Layos L, Bugés C. HER2-Positive Gastric Cancer: The Role of Immunotherapy and Novel Therapeutic Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11403. [PMID: 37511163 PMCID: PMC10380453 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is an aggressive disease with increasing global incidence in recent years. Human epidermal growth receptor 2 (HER2) is overexpressed in approximately 10-20% of gastric cancers. The implementation of targeted therapy against HER2 as part of the standard of care treatment in metastatic disease has improved the prognosis of this subset of patients. However, gastric cancer still has high mortality rates and urgently requires new treatment strategies. The combination of immunotherapy with HER2-targeted therapies has shown synergistic effects in preclinical models, this being the rationale behind exploring this combination in clinical trials in locally advanced and metastatic settings. Additionally, the irruption of antibody-drug conjugates and other novel HER2-targeted agents has led to the development of numerous clinical trials showing promising results. This review presents the molecular mechanisms supporting the use of HER2-targeted drugs in combination with immunotherapy and provides an overview of the therapeutic scenario of HER2-positive disease. We focus on the role of immunotherapy but also summarize emerging therapies and combinations under clinical research that may change the standard treatment in HER-2 positive disease in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pous
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Català d'Oncologia (ICO) Badalona, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology (B-ARGO), 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Lucía Notario
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Català d'Oncologia (ICO) Badalona, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology (B-ARGO), 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Cinta Hierro
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Català d'Oncologia (ICO) Badalona, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology (B-ARGO), 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Laura Layos
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Català d'Oncologia (ICO) Badalona, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology (B-ARGO), 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Cristina Bugés
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Català d'Oncologia (ICO) Badalona, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology (B-ARGO), 08916 Badalona, Spain
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Cheng X, Huang Z, Pan A, Long D. ORLNC1 Suppresses Cell Growth in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer via miRNA-296 Sponging. Curr Mol Med 2023; 23:289-299. [PMID: 35658886 DOI: 10.2174/1566524022666220603113550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating research has demonstrated that aberrant levels of long noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs) are related to cancer progression. The effects of ORLNC1 in HER2+ breast cancer have yet to be explored. METHODS Real-time PCR was used to examine the expression of LncRNA ORLNC1 in HER+ breast cancer. CCK-8, wound healing and cell invasion assays were used to examine the effect of LncRNA ORLNC1 on HER+ breast cancer cells. Luciferase reporter assay was utilized to determine the regulatory relationship between LncRNA ORLNC1 and miR-296. Western blotting was used to measure the expression of PTEN. Xenograft mouse model was used to examine the effect of LncRNA ORLNC1 on tumor progression in vivo. RESULTS In this study, our findings revealed downregulation of ORLNC1 in HER2+ breast cancer specimens and cell lines. Low levels of ORLNC1 were related to poor prognosis and advanced cancer stage. Using gain- and loss-of-function assays, the ability of these tumor cells to proliferate was found to be inhibited by ORLNC1 in vitro and in vivo. Further analyses revealed that miR-296/PTEN axis is directly targeted by ORLNC1. Consequently, over-expression of miR-296 efficiently abrogated the upregulation of PTEN induced by ORLNC1, suggesting that ORLNC1 positively regulates PTEN expression by competitively binding to miR-296. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that lncRNA ORLNC1 acts as a tumor suppressor by regulating the miR-296/PTEN axis in HER2+ breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyuan Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, Beihai People's Hospital, Beihai, Guangxi, 536000, China
| | - Zhong Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Beihai People's Hospital, Beihai, Guangxi, 536000, China
| | - Anchao Pan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Wuming Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530199, China
| | - Di Long
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Wuming Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530199, China
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Shukla N, Naik A, Moryani K, Soni M, Shah J, Dave H. TGF-β at the crossroads of multiple prognosis in breast cancer, and beyond. Life Sci 2022; 310:121011. [PMID: 36179816 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), a pluripotent cytokine and a multifunctional growth factor has a crucial role in varied biological mechanisms like invasion, migration, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, apoptosis, wound healing, and immunosuppression. Moreover, it also has an imperative role both in normal mammary gland development as well as breast carcinogenesis. TGF-β has shown to have a paradoxical role in breast carcinogenesis, by transitioning from a growth inhibitor to a growth promoter with the disease advancement. The inter-communication and crosstalk of TGF-β with different signaling pathways has strengthened the likelihood to explore it as a comprehensive biomarker. In the last two decades, TGF-β has been studied extensively and has been found to be a promising biomarker for early detection, disease monitoring, treatment selection, and tumor progression making it beneficial for disease management. In this review, we focus on the signaling pathways and biological activities of the TGF-β family in breast cancer pathogenesis and its role as a circulatory and independent biomarker for breast cancer progression and metastasis. Moreover, this review highlights TGF-β as a drug target, and the underlying mechanisms through which it is involved in tumorigenesis that will aid in the development of varied therapies targeting the different stages of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirali Shukla
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India
| | - Ankit Naik
- Ahmedabad University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 390009, India
| | - Kamlesh Moryani
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India
| | - Molisha Soni
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India
| | - Jigna Shah
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India
| | - Heena Dave
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India.
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Gabriel NN, Balaji K, Jayachandran K, Inkman M, Zhang J, Dahiya S, Goldstein M. Loss of H3K27 trimethylation promotes radiotherapy resistance in medulloblastoma and induces an actionable vulnerability to BET inhibition. Cancer Res 2022; 82:2019-2030. [PMID: 35315927 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-0871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma has been categorized into four subgroups based on genetic, epigenetic, and transcriptional profiling. Radiation is used for treating medulloblastoma regardless of the subgroup. A better understanding of the molecular pathways determining radiotherapy response could help improve medulloblastoma treatment. Here, we investigated the role of the EZH2-dependent histone H3K27 trimethylation in radiotherapy response in medulloblastoma. The tumors in 47.2% of group 3 and 4 medulloblastoma patients displayed H3K27me3 deficiency. Loss of H3K27me3 was associated with a radioresistant phenotype, high relapse rates, and poor overall survival. In H3K27me3-deficient medulloblastoma cells, an epigenetic switch from H3K27me3 to H3K27ac occurred at specific genomic loci, altering the transcriptional profile. The resulting upregulation of EPHA2 stimulated excessive activation of the pro-survival AKT signaling pathway, leading to radiotherapy resistance. BET inhibition overcame radiation resistance in H3K27me3-deficient medulloblastoma cells by suppressing H3K27ac levels, blunting EPHA2 overexpression, and mitigating excessive AKT signaling. Additionally, BET inhibition sensitized medulloblastoma cells to radiation by enhancing the apoptotic response through suppression of Bcl-xL and upregulation of Bim. This work demonstrates a novel mechanism of radiation resistance in medulloblastoma and identifies an epigenetic marker predictive of radiotherapy response. Based on these findings, we propose an epigenetically guided treatment approach targeting radiotherapy resistance in medulloblastoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishanth N Gabriel
- Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Kumaresh Balaji
- Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Kay Jayachandran
- Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Matthew Inkman
- Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Jin Zhang
- Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Sonika Dahiya
- Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States
| | - Michael Goldstein
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Butler C, Sprowls S, Szalai G, Arsiwala T, Saralkar P, Straight B, Hatcher S, Tyree E, Yost M, Kohler WJ, Wolff B, Putnam E, Lockman P, Liu T. Hypomethylating Agent Azacitidine Is Effective in Treating Brain Metastasis Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Through Regulation of DNA Methylation of Keratin 18 Gene. Transl Oncol 2020; 13:100775. [PMID: 32408199 PMCID: PMC7225776 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer patients presenting with symptomatic brain metastases have poor prognosis, and current chemotherapeutic agents are largely ineffective. In this study, we evaluated the hypomethylating agent azacitidine (AZA) for its potential as a novel therapeutic in preclinical models of brain metastasis of breast cancer. We used the parental triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 (231) cells and their brain colonizing counterpart (231Br) to ascertain phenotypic differences in response to AZA. We observed that 231Br cells have higher metastatic potential compared to 231 cells. With regard to therapeutic value, the AZA IC50 value in 231Br cells is significantly lower than that in parental cells (P < .01). AZA treatment increased apoptosis and inhibited the Wnt signaling transduction pathway, angiogenesis, and cell metastatic capacity to a significantly higher extent in the 231Br line. AZA treatment in mice with experimental brain metastases significantly reduced tumor burden (P = .0112) and increased survival (P = .0026) compared to vehicle. Lastly, we observed a decreased expression of keratin 18 (an epithelial maker) in 231Br cells due to hypermethylation, elucidating a potential mechanism of action of AZA in treating brain metastases from breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Butler
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine, 400 Lee Street North, Lewisburg, WV
| | - Samuel Sprowls
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV
| | - Gabor Szalai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine, 400 Lee Street North, Lewisburg, WV; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Burrell College of Osteopathic Medicine, Las Cruces, NM
| | - Tasneem Arsiwala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV
| | - Pushkar Saralkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV
| | - Benjamin Straight
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine, 400 Lee Street North, Lewisburg, WV
| | - Shea Hatcher
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine, 400 Lee Street North, Lewisburg, WV
| | - Evan Tyree
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine, 400 Lee Street North, Lewisburg, WV
| | - Michael Yost
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine, 400 Lee Street North, Lewisburg, WV
| | - William J Kohler
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine, 400 Lee Street North, Lewisburg, WV
| | - Benjamin Wolff
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine, 400 Lee Street North, Lewisburg, WV
| | | | - Paul Lockman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV
| | - Tuoen Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine, 400 Lee Street North, Lewisburg, WV.
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Wahdan-Alaswad R, Liu B, Thor AD. Targeted lapatinib anti-HER2/ErbB2 therapy resistance in breast cancer: opportunities to overcome a difficult problem. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2020; 3:179-198. [PMID: 35582612 PMCID: PMC9090587 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2019.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 20% of invasive breast cancers have upregulation/gene amplification of the oncogene human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2/ErbB2). Of these, some also express steroid receptors (the so-called Luminal B subtype), whereas others do not (the HER2 subtype). HER2 abnormal breast cancers are associated with a worse prognosis, chemotherapy resistance, and sensitivity to selected anti-HER2 targeted therapeutics. Transcriptional data from over 3000 invasive breast cancers suggest that this approach is overly simplistic; rather, the upregulation of HER2 expression resulting from gene amplification is a driver event that causes major transcriptional changes involving numerous genes and pathways in breast cancer cells. Most notably, this includes a shift from estrogenic dependence to regulatory controls driven by other nuclear receptors, particularly the androgen receptor. We discuss members of the HER receptor tyrosine kinase family, heterodimer formation, and downstream signaling, with a focus on HER2 associated pathology in breast carcinogenesis. The development and application of anti-HER2 drugs, including selected clinical trials, are discussed. In light of the many excellent reviews in the clinical literature, our emphasis is on recently developed and successful strategies to overcome targeted therapy resistance. These include combining anti-HER2 agents with programmed cell death-1 ligand or cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors, targeting crosstalk between HER2 and other nuclear receptors, lipid/cholesterol synthesis to inhibit receptor tyrosine kinase activation, and metformin, a broadly inhibitory drug. We seek to facilitate a better understanding of new approaches to overcome anti-HER2 drug resistance and encourage exploration of two other therapeutic interventions that may be clinically useful for HER+ invasive breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reema Wahdan-Alaswad
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora CO 80014, USA
| | - Bolin Liu
- Department of Genetics, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Ann D Thor
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora CO 80014, USA
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Effects of doxorubicin on the heart: From molecular mechanisms to intervention strategies. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 866:172818. [PMID: 31758940 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer remains a major public health problem worldwide and was responsible for 9.6 million deaths in 2018. Oncologic treatments such as doxorubicin (Dox) and trastuzumab (Trz) are chemotherapeutic drugs used to treat several types of cancer, including solid and non-solid malignancies. Although these drugs have a significant impact on the reduction in mortality of cancer patients, this treatment has an adverse effect on the cardiovascular system. The mechanisms associated with Dox-induced cardiotoxicity involve inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, mitochondria impairment and dysregulation of autophagy. Unfortunately, Trz, an effective anti-cancer drug, can potentiate these adverse effects. Trz is a recombinant DNA-derived humanized monoclonal antibody against human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Despite its high anti-cancer efficacy, Trz also has a cardiotoxic effect. Unlike Dox, this adverse effect of Trz on the heart is mostly reversible. A strategy to prevent this undesirable effect is urgently needed. Currently, several pharmacological interventions have shown promising results that might effectively attenuate Dox- and Trz-induced cardiac dysfunction. In this review, reports from in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies pertinent to the underlying mechanisms involved in chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity, are comprehensively summarized and discussed. In addition, the potential pharmacological interventions to prevent these cardiotoxic effects are described.
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Zalloum H, AbuThiab T, Hameduh T, AlBayyari S, Zalloum W, Abu-Irmaileh B, Mubarak MS, Zihlif M. Comparative anti-proliferative effects of potential HER2 inhibitors on a panel of breast cancer cell lines. Breast Cancer 2019; 27:213-224. [PMID: 31559601 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-019-01011-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is one of the most lethal types of cancer in women worldwide. The human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is considered as a validated target in breast cancer therapy. Previously, we have used quantitative structure activity relationship QSAR equations and their associated pharmacophore models to screen for new promising HER2 structurally diverse inhibitory leads which were tested against HER2-overexpressing SKOV3 ovarian cancer cell line. OBJECTIVE In this study, we sought to explore the effect of most active ligands against different normal and breast cancer cell lines that represent different breast cancer subtypes with distinguished expression levels in HER2 and HER1. METHODS We have tested the promising compounds against SKBR3, MDA-MB-231, MCF7, human fibroblast, and MCF10 cell lines. To understand the inhibitory effects of the active ligands against HER2 over expressed breast cancer cell lines, all inhibitors and the control compound, lapatinib, were docked into the active site of HER2 enzyme performed using Ligand Fit docking engine and PMF scoring function. RESULTS Five ligands exhibited promising results with relatively low IC50 values on cells that amplify HER2 and high IC50 on those that do not express such a receptor. The most potent compound (compound 13) showed an IC50 of 0.046 µM. To test their toxicity against normal cells, the active compounds were tested against both normal fibroblast and normal breast cancer cell MCF-10 and relatively high IC50 values were scored. The IC50 values on HER2 over-expressed breast cancer and normal fibroblast cells provided a promising safety index. Docking results showed the highest similarity in the binding site between the most active ligand and the lapatinib. CONCLUSION Our pharmacophore model resulted in a high potent ligand that shows high potency against HER2 positive breast cancer and relatively low toxicity towards the normal human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba Zalloum
- Hamdi Mango Research Center for Scientific Research, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan.
| | - Tuka AbuThiab
- Hamdi Mango Research Center for Scientific Research, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Tareq Hameduh
- Hamdi Mango Research Center for Scientific Research, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Sara AlBayyari
- Hamdi Mango Research Center for Scientific Research, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Waleed Zalloum
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Science, American University of Madaba, P.O. Box 2882, Amman, 11821, Jordan
| | - Basha'er Abu-Irmaileh
- Hamdi Mango Research Center for Scientific Research, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Mohammad S Mubarak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Malek Zihlif
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan.
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Sarmento-Ribeiro AB, Scorilas A, Gonçalves AC, Efferth T, Trougakos IP. The emergence of drug resistance to targeted cancer therapies: Clinical evidence. Drug Resist Updat 2019; 47:100646. [PMID: 31733611 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2019.100646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
For many decades classical anti-tumor therapies included chemotherapy, radiation and surgery; however, in the last two decades, following the identification of the genomic drivers and main hallmarks of cancer, the introduction of therapies that target specific tumor-promoting oncogenic or non-oncogenic pathways, has revolutionized cancer therapeutics. Despite the significant progress in cancer therapy, clinical oncologists are often facing the primary impediment of anticancer drug resistance, as many cancer patients display either intrinsic chemoresistance from the very beginning of the therapy or after initial responses and upon repeated drug treatment cycles, acquired drug resistance develops and thus relapse emerges, resulting in increased mortality. Our attempts to understand the molecular basis underlying these drug resistance phenotypes in pre-clinical models and patient specimens revealed the extreme plasticity and adaptive pathways employed by tumor cells, being under sustained stress and extensive genomic/proteomic instability due to the applied therapeutic regimens. Subsequent efforts have yielded more effective inhibitors and combinatorial approaches (e.g. the use of specific pharmacologic inhibitors with immunotherapy) that exhibit synergistic effects against tumor cells, hence enhancing therapeutic indices. Furthermore, new advanced methodologies that allow for the early detection of genetic/epigenetic alterations that lead to drug chemoresistance and prospective validation of biomarkers which identify patients that will benefit from certain drug classes, have started to improve the clinical outcome. This review discusses emerging principles of drug resistance to cancer therapies targeting a wide array of oncogenic kinases, along with hedgehog pathway and the proteasome and apoptotic inducers, as well as epigenetic and metabolic modulators. We further discuss mechanisms of resistance to monoclonal antibodies, immunomodulators and immune checkpoint inhibitors, potential biomarkers of drug response/drug resistance, along with possible new therapeutic avenues for the clinicians to combat devastating drug resistant malignancies. It is foreseen that these topics will be major areas of focused multidisciplinary translational research in the years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Bela Sarmento-Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology and University Clinic of Hematology and Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research - Group of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (iCBR/CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra (FMUC), Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, Portugal; Hematology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC), Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Andreas Scorilas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ana Cristina Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology and University Clinic of Hematology and Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research - Group of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (iCBR/CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra (FMUC), Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ioannis P Trougakos
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.
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12
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Noyan S, Gurdal H, Gur Dedeoglu B. Involvement of miR-770-5p in trastuzumab response in HER2 positive breast cancer cells. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215894. [PMID: 31009516 PMCID: PMC6476517 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
miRNAs may play effective roles in breast cancer so modulating their expression levels could have therapeutic benefits. Recent studies have found the combination of miRNA-based therapeutics with conventional drugs as promising. This study aimed to find drug-responsive miRNAs, and explore their anticancer activities in HER2+ breast cancer cells and regulatory role in the trastuzumab response. qRT-PCR-array analysis was performed with effective concentrations of tamoxifen and trastuzumab treated BT-474, SK-BR-3 and MCF-7 cells. Motility and invasion analyses were performed with wound healing and xCELLigence impedance-based assays respectively. Viability of cells following mimic transfection and drug treatment was assessed by WST-1 assay. Western blot analysis was used to assess miR-770-5p regulation of proteins and their phosphorylated forms. The clinical relevance of miR-770-5p was examined by TCGA data analysis. The qRT-PCR-array results indicated that miR-770-5p was responsive in a drug and cell line independent manner. Overexpression of miR-770-5p inhibited the motility and cell invasion through regulation of AKT and ERK proteins. Additionally, miR-770-5p potentiated the effectiveness of trastuzumab. Thus, regulating the expression level of miR-770-5p in combination with trastuzumab treatment may simultaneously inhibit the downstream elements of PI3K and MAPK signalling, thereby blocking the proliferation, motility and invasion capacities of HER2+ breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senem Noyan
- Biotechnology Institute, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hakan Gurdal
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara,Turkey
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Lanza-Jacoby S, Cheng G. 3,3'-Diindolylmethane enhances apoptosis in docetaxel-treated breast cancer cells by generation of reactive oxygen species. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2018; 56:407-414. [PMID: 30301388 PMCID: PMC6179060 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2018.1495747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT A major problem in the treatment of cancer is the development of toxic side effects and resistance to chemotherapy. The use of plant compounds to overcome resistance and prevent toxicity is a potential strategy for treatment. OBJECTIVE We evaluated whether 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM) enhanced the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to docetaxel (DOC). MATERIALS AND METHODS MDA-MB231 and Sk-BR-3 cells were treated with and without 25 or 50 µM of DIM and 1 nM of DOC for 48 and 72 h, respectively. MTT assay was used to measure cell survival. Apoptosis and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were determined by flow cytometry. The expression of proteins regulating ROS production and apoptosis was evaluated by immunoblotting technique. RESULTS Combining 25 µM of DIM with 1 nM DOC decreased cell survival by 42% in MDA-MB231 cells and 59% in Sk-BR-3 cells compared to control, DIM, or DOC (p ≤ 0.05). The combination treatment increased apoptosis over 20% (p ≤ 0.01) in both cell lines, which was associated with decreased Bcl-2, increased Bax, cleaved PARP and activated JNK (p ≤ 0.01). ROS production increased by 46.5% in the MDA-MB231 and 29.3% in Sk-BR-3 cells with the combination compared to DIM or DOC alone. Pretreating cells with N-acetyl-cysteine or Tiron abrogated the anti-survival effect of the combination. The increase in ROS was associated with a 54% decrease in MnSOD and 47% increase in NOX2 protein compared to the other groups. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicated that DIM enhances the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to DOC treatment by increasing ROS, which led to decreased cell survival and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Lanza-Jacoby
- Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Guanjun Cheng
- Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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14
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Angelbello AJ, Chen JL, Childs-Disney JL, Zhang P, Wang ZF, Disney MD. Using Genome Sequence to Enable the Design of Medicines and Chemical Probes. Chem Rev 2018; 118:1599-1663. [PMID: 29322778 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Rapid progress in genome sequencing technology has put us firmly into a postgenomic era. A key challenge in biomedical research is harnessing genome sequence to fulfill the promise of personalized medicine. This Review describes how genome sequencing has enabled the identification of disease-causing biomolecules and how these data have been converted into chemical probes of function, preclinical lead modalities, and ultimately U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs. In particular, we focus on the use of oligonucleotide-based modalities to target disease-causing RNAs; small molecules that target DNA, RNA, or protein; the rational repurposing of known therapeutic modalities; and the advantages of pharmacogenetics. Lastly, we discuss the remaining challenges and opportunities in the direct utilization of genome sequence to enable design of medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia J Angelbello
- Departments of Chemistry and Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute , 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Jonathan L Chen
- Departments of Chemistry and Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute , 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Jessica L Childs-Disney
- Departments of Chemistry and Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute , 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Peiyuan Zhang
- Departments of Chemistry and Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute , 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Zi-Fu Wang
- Departments of Chemistry and Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute , 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Matthew D Disney
- Departments of Chemistry and Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute , 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
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15
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Zhang P, Zhou Q, Tian L, Zhou X, Zhou Y, Chen J. Experimental study of a novel tumstatin on C6 brain glioma in vitro. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:2845-2851. [PMID: 28928823 PMCID: PMC5588131 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effect of a novel tumstatin on C6 brain glioma cells, the MTT method was used to detect C6 glioma cell proliferation activity at different time periods (12, 48 and 72 h). Cell cycle distribution and apoptosis rate were detected by flow cytometry, and the acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining method was used to detect apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential by fluorescence microscopy. Novel tumstatin had an evident inhibitory effect on C6 glioma cells, and the most notable impact emerged after 48 h. The following were observed under the fluorescence microscope: Characteristic morphological changes of cell apoptosis were typically observed in the novel tumstatin (2,000 µg/ml) group; mitochondrial membrane potential decreased significantly (P<0.05); the cells in the G0/G1 phase significantly increased (P<0.05); and the number of cells in the S phase was reduced. There was an increase in cell apoptosis rate in the novel tumstatin (2,000 µg/ml) group compared with the novel tumstatin (1,000 µg/ml) group and the Mock group, and the data were statistically significant (P<0.05). Novel tumstatin may reduce the mitochondrial membrane potential, inducing cell apoptosis, and thereby exerting antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengguo Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Jilin University Second Hospital, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P.R. China
| | - Qingwei Zhou
- Department of Biology and Medical Engineering, School of Regenerative Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P.R. China
| | - Lin Tian
- Department of Biology and Medical Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyu Zhou
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P.R. China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Biological Preparation, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046, P.R. China
| | - Jiajun Chen
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P.R. China
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16
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Gijs M, Penner G, Blackler GB, Impens NREN, Baatout S, Luxen A, Aerts AM. Improved Aptamers for the Diagnosis and Potential Treatment of HER2-Positive Cancer. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2016; 9:E29. [PMID: 27213406 PMCID: PMC4932547 DOI: 10.3390/ph9020029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aptamers provide a potential source of alternative targeting molecules for existing antibody diagnostics and therapeutics. In this work, we selected novel DNA aptamers targeting the HER2 receptor by an adherent whole-cell SELEX approach. Individual aptamers were identified by next generation sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. Two aptamers, HeA2_1 and HeA2_3, were shown to bind the HER2 protein with affinities in the nanomolar range. In addition, both aptamers were able to bind with high specificity to HER2-overexpressing cells and HER2-positive tumor tissue samples. Furthermore, we demonstrated that aptamer HeA2_3 is being internalized into cancer cells and has an inhibitory effect on cancer cell growth and viability. In the end, we selected novel DNA aptamers with great potential for the diagnosis and possible treatment of HER2-positive cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlies Gijs
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), 2400 Mol, Belgium.
- Cyclotron Research Centre, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | - Gregory Penner
- NeoVentures Biotechnology Inc., London, N6A 1A1 ON, Canada.
| | | | | | - Sarah Baatout
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), 2400 Mol, Belgium.
| | - André Luxen
- Cyclotron Research Centre, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | - An M Aerts
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), 2400 Mol, Belgium.
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17
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Li Z, Ling ZQ, Guo W, Lu XX, Pan Y, Wang Z, Chen Y. PAQR3 expression is downregulated in human breast cancers and correlated with HER2 expression. Oncotarget 2016; 6:12357-68. [PMID: 25900239 PMCID: PMC4494943 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
PAQR3 is a newly discovered tumor suppressor and its functional role in breast cancer has not been well characterized. We report here that PAQR3 is associated with the progression and survival of human patients with breast cancer, as well as cell proliferation and migration of human breast cancer cells. PAQR3 mRNA level was robustly downregulated in human breast cancer samples compared with their corresponding para-cancerous histological normal tissues (n = 82, P < 0.0001). The mRNA level of PAQR3 was negatively correlated with HER2 expression (P < 0.0001) and disease-free survival of the patients (P < 0.0001). PAQR3 overexpression inhibited cell proliferation, colony formation and migration of breast cancer cells including MCF7, SKBR3, MDA-MD-231, MDA-MD-468 and MDA-MD-453 cells. Knockdown of PAQR3 in MDA-MD-231 cells elevated cell proliferation and migration. Inhibition of HER2 by trastuzumab increased PAQR3 expression in SKBR3 cells. In conclusion, PAQR3 expression is frequently downregulated in human breast cancers inversely correlated with HER2 expression. PAQR3 is able to modulate the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells. Our data indicate that PAQR3 functions as a tumor suppressor in the development of human breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghu Li
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Ling
- Zhejiang Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Province Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang Cancer Center, China
| | - Weiwei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Lu
- Zhejiang Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Province Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang Cancer Center, China
| | - Yi Pan
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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18
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Resveratrol chemosensitizes HER-2-overexpressing breast cancer cells to docetaxel chemoresistance by inhibiting docetaxel-mediated activation of HER-2-Akt axis. Cell Death Discov 2015; 1:15061. [PMID: 27551486 PMCID: PMC4979566 DOI: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2015.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As breast cancer cells often develop chemoresistance, better therapeutic options are in search to circumvent it. Here we demonstrate that human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2)-overexpressing breast cancer cells resist docetaxel-induced cytotoxicity by upregulating HER-2 and its activity downstream, through Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. We observed that introducing resveratrol as a chemosensitizer in docetaxel chemotherapy blocks upregulation and activation of HER-2 in addition to blocking downstream signaling pathways such as Akt. Resveratrol and docetaxel combination results in the synergistic induction of cell death in HER-2-overexpressing SK-BR-3 cells, whereas introduction of wild-type HER-2 in MDA-MD-231 cells increased the resistance to docetaxel. Dominant-negative HER-2 sensitizes SK-BR-3 cells to docetaxel. Our study identified a new synergistic therapeutic combination that targets HER-2-induced breast cancer resistance and might help to overcome therapeutic resistance during breast cancer therapy. The synergism of docetaxel and resveratrol was maximum in SK-BR-3, which is unique among the cell lines studied, due to its high expression status of HER-2, a receptor known to dictate the signaling environment of breast cancer cells. Docetaxel could further induce HER-2 activity in these cells, which was downregulated on resveratrol treatment. Transfection of DN-HER-2 in SK-BR-3 cells inhibits the synergism as the transfection itself sensitizes these cells to docetaxel, leaving no role for resveratrol, whereas ectopic expression of HER-2 introduces the synergism in MDA-MB-231, the triple-negative cell line, in which the synergism was minimum, attesting the crucial role of HER-2 in suppressing the sensitivity to docetaxel. Single-agent docetaxel induced HER-2-mediated resistance to cell death, which was blocked by resveratrol. Resveratrol also downregulated docetaxel-induced activation of MAPK and Akt, survival signaling pathways downstream of HER-2. In short, this study, for the first time, establishes the role of HER-2–Akt signaling axis in regulating the synergistic effect of docetaxel and resveratrol in breast cancer cells overexpressing HER-2.
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19
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Karakashev SV, Reginato MJ. Hypoxia/HIF1α induces lapatinib resistance in ERBB2-positive breast cancer cells via regulation of DUSP2. Oncotarget 2015; 6:1967-80. [PMID: 25596742 PMCID: PMC4385829 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
ERBB2/HER2 belongs to the EGFR-family of receptor tyrosine kinases and its overexpression can promote tumor progression. Breast cancer patients with ERBB2 amplifications are currently treated with lapatinib, a small-molecule kinase inhibitor that specifically blocks EGFR/ERBB2 signaling. Here, we show that hypoxia, via HIF-1, induces resistance to lapatinib-mediated effects in ERBB2-expressing mammary epithelial and ERBB2-positive breast cancer cells. Lapatinib-mediated growth inhibition and apoptosis in three-dimensional (3D) cultures are decreased under hypoxic conditions. Hypoxia can maintain activation of signaling pathways downstream from ERBB2 including AKT and ERK in the presence of lapatinib. HIF-1 is both required and sufficient to induce lapatinib resistance as overexpression of stable HIF-1 in ERBB2-expressing cells blocks lapatinib-mediated effects and maintains ERBB2-downstream signaling under normoxic conditions. Under hypoxia, activation of ERK signaling is required for lapatinib resistance as treatment with MEK inhibitor trametinib reverses hypoxia-mediated lapatinib resistance. HIF-1 can bypass the lapatinib-treated inhibition of the ERK pathway via inhibition of the dual-specificity phosphatase 2 (DUSP2). Indeed, overexpression of DUSP2 in ErbB2-positve breast cancer cells reverses hypoxia-mediated lapatinib resistance. Thus, our results provide rationale for therapeutic evaluation of the treatment of hypoxic ERBB2 expressing breast tumors with a combination of lapatinib and MEK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V Karakashev
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Mauricio J Reginato
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
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20
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Hussain HA, Harvey AJ. Evolution of breast cancer therapeutics: Breast tumour kinase’s role in breast cancer and hope for breast tumour kinase targeted therapy. World J Clin Oncol 2014; 5:299-310. [PMID: 25114846 PMCID: PMC4127602 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v5.i3.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There have been significant improvements in the detection and treatment of breast cancer in recent decades. However, there is still a need to develop more effective therapeutic techniques that are patient specific with reduced toxicity leading to further increases in patients’ overall survival; the ongoing progress in understanding recurrence, resistant and spread also needs to be maintained. Better understanding of breast cancer pathology, molecular biology and progression as well as identification of some of the underlying factors involved in breast cancer tumourgenesis and metastasis has led to the identification of novel therapeutic targets. Over a number of years interest has risen in breast tumour kinase (Brk) also known as protein tyrosine kinase 6; the research field has grown and Brk has been described as a desirable therapeutic target in relation to tyrosine kinase inhibition as well as disruption of its kinase independent activity. This review will outline the current “state of play” with respect to targeted therapy for breast cancer, as well as discussing Brk’s role in the processes underlying tumour development and metastasis and its potential as a therapeutic target in breast cancer.
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21
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Cima MJ, Lee H, Daniel K, Tanenbaum LM, Mantzavinou A, Spencer KC, Ong Q, Sy JC, Santini J, Schoellhammer CM, Blankschtein D, Langer RS. Single compartment drug delivery. J Control Release 2014; 190:157-71. [PMID: 24798478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Drug design is built on the concept that key molecular targets of disease are isolated in the diseased tissue. Systemic drug administration would be sufficient for targeting in such a case. It is, however, common for enzymes or receptors that are integral to disease to be structurally similar or identical to those that play important biological roles in normal tissues of the body. Additionally, systemic administration may not lead to local drug concentrations high enough to yield disease modification because of rapid systemic metabolism or lack of sufficient partitioning into the diseased tissue compartment. This review focuses on drug delivery methods that physically target drugs to individual compartments of the body. Compartments such as the bladder, peritoneum, brain, eye and skin are often sites of disease and can sometimes be viewed as "privileged," since they intrinsically hinder partitioning of systemically administered agents. These compartments have become the focus of a wide array of procedures and devices for direct administration of drugs. We discuss the rationale behind single compartment drug delivery for each of these compartments, and give an overview of examples at different development stages, from the lab bench to phase III clinical trials to clinical practice. We approach single compartment drug delivery from both a translational and a technological perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Cima
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Materials Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Heejin Lee
- TARIS Biomedical, Inc., Lexington, MA 02421, USA
| | - Karen Daniel
- TARIS Biomedical, Inc., Lexington, MA 02421, USA
| | - Laura M Tanenbaum
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Aikaterini Mantzavinou
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kevin C Spencer
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Materials Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Qunya Ong
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jay C Sy
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - John Santini
- On Demand Therapeutics, Inc., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Carl M Schoellhammer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Daniel Blankschtein
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Robert S Langer
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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