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Petrigna L, Trovato B, Roggio F, Castorina A, Musumeci G. Molecular Assessment of Healthy Pathological Articular Cartilages in Physically Active People: A Scoping Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043662. [PMID: 36835076 PMCID: PMC9963910 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Physiological aging triggers a cascade of negative effects on the human body and the human joint is only one of the several compartments affected by this irreversible and natural process. Osteoarthritis and cartilage degeneration can cause pain and disability; therefore, identifying the molecular processes underlying these phenomena and the biomarkers produced during physical activity is of critical importance. In the present review, the main goal was to identify and discuss the articular cartilage biomarkers analyzed in studies in which physical or sports activities were adopted and eventually to propose a standard operating procedure for the assessment. Articles collected from Pubmed, Web of Science, and Scopus were scrutinized to detect reliable cartilage biomarkers. The principal articular cartilage biomarkers detected in these studies were cartilage oligomeric matrix protein, matrix metalloproteinases, interleukins, and carboxy-terminal telopeptide. The articular cartilage biomarkers identified in this scoping review may aid in a better comprehension of where research on the topic is heading and offer a viable instrument for streamlining investigations on cartilage biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Petrigna
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Anatomy, Histology, and Movement Science, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia No. 97, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Bruno Trovato
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Anatomy, Histology, and Movement Science, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia No. 97, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Federico Roggio
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Anatomy, Histology, and Movement Science, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia No. 97, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Via Giovanni Pascoli 6, 90144 Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Castorina
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience (LCMN), School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Giuseppe Musumeci
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Anatomy, Histology, and Movement Science, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia No. 97, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Research Center on Motor Activities (CRAM), University of Catania, Via S. Sofia No. 97, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Department of Biology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
- Correspondence:
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Laudon J, Whittaker JL, Ren G, Jaremko JL, Emery CA, Krawetz RJ. Serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) expression in individuals who sustained a youth sport-related intra-articular knee injury 3-10 years previously and uninjured matched controls. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2019; 27:286-293. [PMID: 30317002 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigates the relationship between a youth sport-related intra-articular knee injury and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), a biomarker of cartilage turnover. DESIGN Participants included a sub-sample (n = 170) of the Alberta Youth Prevention of Early Osteoarthritis (PrE-OA) study group. Specifically, 85 individuals with a 3-10 year history of sport-related intra-articular knee injury and 85 age, sex and sport-matched controls. COMP levels were investigated in serum. Between group differences in COMP levels, COMP fragmentation patterns and, the relationship between serum COMP and clinical outcomes (i.e., Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Osteoarthritis Knee Score; MOAKS, Knee Osteoarthritis Outcome Score; KOOS, Fat mass index; FMI) were examined. RESULTS Participant median age was 22.3 years (range 16-26) and 63% were female. Although there was no difference in COMP levels between previously injured and uninjured females, previously injured males demonstrated an ∼15% greater (171.5 ng/ml, 95% CI 11.0-428.0, P = 0.04) serum COMP level than uninjured males. However after controlling for FMI, this difference was absent. Within the injured participants, COMP levels were associated with MOAKSSYNOVITIS and FMI. Furthermore, COMP fragmentation patterns were distinct between injured and uninjured individuals. CONCLUSIONS In this study group, serum COMP levels were greater in injured males, but not females, compared to matched controls. However, after controlling for FMI, no differences in COMP were observed. A unique COMP fragmentation pattern was observed in injured vs uninjured participants. These results further the hypothesis that COMP levels and/or degradation of the protein may be a marker of cartilage injury which could predispose to later OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Laudon
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - J L Whittaker
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Glen Sather Sports Medicine Clinic, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| | - G Ren
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - J L Jaremko
- Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| | - C A Emery
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; McCaig Institute for Bone & Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - R J Krawetz
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; McCaig Institute for Bone & Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; The D-BOARD European Consortium for Biomarker Discovery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
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Hoch JM, Mattacola CG, Bush H, McKeon JM, Hewett TE, Lattermann C. Longitudinal documentation of serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein and patient-reported outcomes in collegiate soccer athletes over the course of an athletic season. Am J Sports Med 2012; 40:2583-9. [PMID: 22967826 PMCID: PMC3615716 DOI: 10.1177/0363546512458260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (sCOMP) is a biomarker for cartilage degradation. Patient-reported outcomes (PRO) are used to document postinjury recovery and may be used to prospectively identify changes in the course of a season. It is unknown what effect intense, continuous physical activity has on sCOMP levels and PRO values in athletes over the duration of a soccer season. Hypothesis/ PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to longitudinally document sCOMP levels and to determine whether changes in PROs occur in collegiate soccer athletes during a season. The hypotheses tested were that sCOMP levels and PRO scores would remain stable over the duration of the spring soccer season. STUDY DESIGN Case series; level of evidence, 4. METHODS Twenty-nine National Collegiate Athletic Association Division-I soccer athletes (18 men, 11 women; age, 19.6 ± 1.2 years; height, 177.8 ± 7.4 cm; mass, 73.8 ± 10.2 kg) participated in 3 (pre-[T(1)], mid-[T(2)], and postseason [T(3)]) data collection sessions. Subjects were included if they were participants in the spring soccer season and were free of severe knee injury at the time of data collection. At each session, subjects completed PROs (Lysholm, International Knee Documentation Committee scores) before serum collection. RESULTS For sCOMP (ng/mL), there was a significant effect for time, with significant increases at T(2) (1723.5 ± 257.9, P < .001) and T(3) (1624.7 ± 231.6, P = .002) when compared with T(1)(1482.9 ± 217.9). For each of the PROs, there was a significant effect for time from T(1)-T(3), and at T(2)-T(3) for the IKDC. CONCLUSION These data indicate sCOMP levels increased as athletes reported an increased level of function over time. However, the differences in sCOMP levels did not reach the calculated minimal detectable change (MDC) value and the differences in PRO scores did not reach previously calculated MDC values. It is unclear whether these increases in sCOMP levels were caused by an increase in cartilage matrix breakdown or turnover. Even though these elevations may not be clinically meaningful, this biomarker may have the potential to be used for future research studies investigating the effects of exercise on overall joint health in longitudinal studies. In addition, these results indicate fluctuations in sCOMP occur during a competitive season and must be taken into consideration for future biomarker studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna M. Hoch
- Division of Athletic Training & Rehabilitation Sciences Doctoral Program, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky
| | - Carl G. Mattacola
- Division of Athletic Training, Rehabilitation Sciences Doctoral Program, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky
| | - HeatherM. Bush
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky
| | - Jennifer Medina McKeon
- Division of Athletic Training, Rehabilitation Sciences Doctoral Program, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky
| | - Timothy E. Hewett
- Departments of Physiology & Cell Biology, Orthopaedic Surgery, Family Medicine & Biomedical Engineering and the School of Allied Health Professions, College of Medicine, Ohio State University & Cincinnati Children’s Hospital
| | - Christian Lattermann
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky
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