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Yuce K. The Application of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Different Cardiovascular Disorders: Ways of Administration, and the Effectors. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024:10.1007/s12015-024-10765-9. [PMID: 39023739 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-024-10765-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
The heart is an organ with a low ability to renew and repair itself. MSCs have cell surface markers such as CD45-, CD34-, CD31-, CD4+, CD11a+, CD11b+, CD15+, CD18+, CD25+, CD49d+, CD50+, CD105+, CD73+, CD90+, CD9+, CD10+, CD106+, CD109+, CD127+, CD120a+, CD120b+, CD124+, CD126+, CD140a+, CD140b+, adherent properties and the ability to differentiate into cells such as adipocytes, osteoblasts and chondrocytes. Autogenic, allogeneic, normal, pretreated and genetically modified MSCs and secretomes are used in preclinical and clinical studies. MSCs and their secretomes (the total released molecules) generally have cardioprotective effects. Studies on cardiovascular diseases using MSCs and their secretomes include myocardial infraction/ischemia, fibrosis, hypertrophy, dilated cardiomyopathy and atherosclerosis. Stem cells or their secretomes used for this purpose are administered to the heart via intracoronary (Antegrade intracoronary and retrograde coronary venous injection), intramyocardial (Transendocardial and epicardial injection) and intravenous routes. The protective effects of MSCs and their secretomes on the heart are generally attributed to their differentiation into cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells, their immunomodulatory properties, paracrine effects, increasing blood vessel density, cardiac remodeling, and ejection fraction and decreasing apoptosis, the size of the wound, end-diastolic volume, end-systolic volume, ventricular myo-mass, fibrosis, matrix metalloproteins, and oxidative stress. The present review aims to assist researchers and physicians in selecting the appropriate cell type, secretomes, and technique to increase the chance of success in designing therapeutic strategies against cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemal Yuce
- Physiology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medicine Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, Türkiye.
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Fliri A, Kajiji S. Effects of vitamin D signaling in cardiovascular disease: centrality of macrophage polarization. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1388025. [PMID: 38984353 PMCID: PMC11232491 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1388025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Among the leading causes of natural death are cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and respiratory diseases. Factors causing illness include genetic predisposition, aging, stress, chronic inflammation, environmental factors, declining autophagy, and endocrine abnormalities including insufficient vitamin D levels. Inconclusive clinical outcomes of vitamin D supplements in cardiovascular diseases demonstrate the need to identify cause-effect relationships without bias. We employed a spectral clustering methodology capable of analyzing large diverse datasets for examining the role of vitamin D's genomic and non-genomic signaling in disease in this study. The results of this investigation showed the following: (1) vitamin D regulates multiple reciprocal feedback loops including p53, macrophage autophagy, nitric oxide, and redox-signaling; (2) these regulatory schemes are involved in over 2,000 diseases. Furthermore, the balance between genomic and non-genomic signaling by vitamin D affects autophagy regulation of macrophage polarization in tissue homeostasis. These findings provide a deeper understanding of how interactions between genomic and non-genomic signaling affect vitamin D pharmacology and offer opportunities for increasing the efficacy of vitamin D-centered treatment of cardiovascular disease and healthy lifespans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Fliri
- Emergent System Analytics LLC, Clinton, CT, United States
| | - Shama Kajiji
- Emergent System Analytics LLC, Clinton, CT, United States
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Xie L, Chen J, Hu H, Zhu Y, Wang X, Zhou S, Wang F, Xiang M. Engineered M2 macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles with platelet membrane fusion for targeted therapy of atherosclerosis. Bioact Mater 2024; 35:447-460. [PMID: 38390527 PMCID: PMC10881364 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is featured as chronic low-grade inflammation in the arteries, which leads to the formation of plaques rich in lipids. M2 macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles (M2EV) have significant potential for anti-atherosclerotic therapy. However, their therapeutic effectiveness has been hindered by their limited targeting capability in vivo. The objective of this study was to create the P-M2EV (platelet membrane-modified M2EV) using the membrane fusion technique in order to imitate the interaction between platelets and macrophages. P-M2EV exhibited excellent physicochemical properties, and microRNA (miRNA)-sequencing revealed that the extrusion process had no detrimental effects on miRNAs carried by the nanocarriers. Remarkably, miR-99a-5p was identified as the miRNA with the highest expression level, which targeted the mRNA of Homeobox A1 (HOXA1) and effectively suppressed the formation of foam cells in vitro. In an atherosclerotic low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient (Ldlr-/-) mouse model, the intravenous injection of P-M2EV showed enhanced targeting and greater infiltration into atherosclerotic plaques compared to regular extracellular vesicles. Crucially, P-M2EV successfully suppressed the progression of atherosclerosis without causing systemic toxicity. The findings demonstrated a biomimetic platelet-mimic system that holds great promise for the treatment of atherosclerosis in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Xie
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Jinyong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Haochang Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Yuan Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Xiying Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Siyu Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Feifan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Meixiang Xiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, China
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Lin QY, Yu WJ, Bai J, Jiang WX, Li HH. Mac-1 deficiency ameliorates pressure overloaded heart failure through inhibiting macrophage polarization and activation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167048. [PMID: 38296117 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Persistent pressure overload commonly leads to pathological cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling, ultimately leading to heart failure (HF). Cardiac remodeling is associated with the involvement of immune cells and the inflammatory response in pathogenesis. The macrophage-1 antigen (Mac-1) is specifically expressed on leukocytes and regulates their migration and polarization. Nonetheless, the involvement of Mac-1 in cardiac remodeling and HF caused by pressure overload has not been determined. The Mac-1-knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice were subjected to transverse aortic constriction (TAC) for 6 weeks. Echocardiography and pressure-volume loop assessments were used to evaluate cardiac function, and cardiac remodeling and macrophage infiltration and polarization were estimated by histopathology and molecular techniques. The findings of our study demonstrated that Mac-1 expression was markedly increased in hearts subjected to TAC treatment. Moreover, compared with WT mice, Mac-1-KO mice exhibited dramatically ameliorated TAC-induced cardiac dysfunction, hypertrophy, fibrosis, oxidative stress and apoptosis. The potential positive impacts may be linked to the inhibition of macrophage infiltration and M1 polarization via reductions in NF-kB and STAT1 expression and upregulation of STAT6. In conclusion, this research reveals a new function of Mac-1 deficiency in reducing pathological cardiac remodeling and HF caused by pressure overload. Additionally, inhibiting Mac-1 could be a potential treatment option for patients with HF in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Yue Lin
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Wei-Jia Yu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jie Bai
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wen-Xi Jiang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Hui-Hua Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China; Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, China.
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