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Li XL, Fan W, Fan B. Dental pulp regeneration strategies: A review of status quo and recent advances. Bioact Mater 2024; 38:258-275. [PMID: 38745589 PMCID: PMC11090883 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms, physical factors such as temperature or mechanical injury, and chemical factors such as free monomers from composite resin are the main causes of dental pulp diseases. Current clinical treatment methods for pulp diseases include the root canal therapy, vital pulp therapy and regenerative endodontic therapy. Regenerative endodontic therapy serves the purpose of inducing the regeneration of new functional pulp tissues through autologous revascularization or pulp tissue engineering. This article first discusses the current clinical methods and reviews strategies as well as the research outcomes regarding the pulp regeneration. Then the in vivo models, the prospects and challenges for regenerative endodontic therapy were further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Lu Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, 430079, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Fan
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, 430079, Wuhan, China
| | - Bing Fan
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, 430079, Wuhan, China
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Elheeny AAH, Tony GE. Two-Dimensional Radiographs and Cone-beam Computed Tomography Assessment of Concentrated Growth Factor and Platelet-Rich Fibrin Scaffolds in Regenerative Endodontic Treatment of Immature Incisors with Periapical Radiolucency: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Endod 2024; 50:792-806. [PMID: 38281658 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2024.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The primary aim of this study was to compare the radiographic changes of immature incisors with periapical radiolucency after treatment with platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and concentrated growth factor (CGF) platelet concentrate scaffolds as well as assessment of the clinical success rate over 12 months. The secondary aim was to monitor the radiographic changes in terms of reduction of periapical lesion diameter (PALD), root dentine thickness (RDT), root length (RL), and apical foramen width (AFW). The tertiary aim was to assess and pulp responses, after 12 months. METHODS Fifty six children with seventy necrotic, single-rooted maxillary incisors with periapical radiolucency were treated with either CGF or PRF scaffolds (35 teeth per group). Two patients with 4 teeth (2 teeth in each group) failed to attain the follow-up recalls. Radiographic changes in terms of reduction of PALD, RDT, RL, and AFW were monitored using a 2-dimensional (2D) radiograph and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan. The clinical performance of teeth receiving both scaffolds was assessed after 6 and 12 months. Categorical and continuous data were analyzed using the chi-square test and the t test, respectively. The time and group effects on the means of different radiographic dimensions were tested using the general linear model. Bland-Altman plots were used to assess the level of agreement between the 2D radiographs and CBCT. The level of significance was defined at 0.05 and a 95% confidence interval. RESULTS The means of PALD and RL showed significant enhancement in the CGF group compared to the PRF group (P < .05). While the difference between the 2 scaffolds in terms of RDT and AFW was not significant (P > .05). The findings of the 2D radiograph and CBCT were consistent. Clinically, both scaffold success rates were similar (93.9%) over the follow-up intervals. The influence of study independent variables had no significant effect on the success of the regenerative endodontic procedures outcome (P > .05). There was no significant difference in the positive pulp responses to the thermal and electric pulp tests after one year of treatment (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS According to the short-term follow-up, PRF and CGF were successful in treating immature teeth with periapical radiolucency by regenerative endodontics. Both scaffold systems induced periapical healing and root lengthening with significant superiority of CGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Abdel Hamid Elheeny
- Pediatric and Community Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Minia University, El-Minya, Egypt.
| | - Ghada Eslaman Tony
- Pediatric and Community Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Minia University, El-Minya, Egypt
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Mamun AA, Shao C, Geng P, Wang S, Xiao J. Recent advances in molecular mechanisms of skin wound healing and its treatments. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1395479. [PMID: 38835782 PMCID: PMC11148235 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1395479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The skin, being a multifaceted organ, performs a pivotal function in the complicated wound-healing procedure, which encompasses the triggering of several cellular entities and signaling cascades. Aberrations in the typical healing process of wounds may result in atypical scar development and the establishment of a persistent condition, rendering patients more vulnerable to infections. Chronic burns and wounds have a detrimental effect on the overall quality of life of patients, resulting in higher levels of physical discomfort and socio-economic complexities. The occurrence and frequency of prolonged wounds are on the rise as a result of aging people, hence contributing to escalated expenditures within the healthcare system. The clinical evaluation and treatment of chronic wounds continue to pose challenges despite the advancement of different therapeutic approaches. This is mainly owing to the prolonged treatment duration and intricate processes involved in wound healing. Many conventional methods, such as the administration of growth factors, the use of wound dressings, and the application of skin grafts, are used to ease the process of wound healing across diverse wound types. Nevertheless, these therapeutic approaches may only be practical for some wounds, highlighting the need to advance alternative treatment modalities. Novel wound care technologies, such as nanotherapeutics, stem cell treatment, and 3D bioprinting, aim to improve therapeutic efficacy, prioritize skin regeneration, and minimize adverse effects. This review provides an updated overview of recent advancements in chronic wound healing and therapeutic management using innovative approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Al Mamun
- Central Laboratory of The Lishui Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People’s Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chuxiao Shao
- Central Laboratory of The Lishui Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People’s Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peiwu Geng
- Central Laboratory of The Lishui Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People’s Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuanghu Wang
- Central Laboratory of The Lishui Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People’s Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Central Laboratory of The Lishui Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People’s Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Wound Healing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Shamszadeh S, Shirvani A, Torabzadeh H, Asgary S. Effects of Growth Factors on the Differentiation of Dental Stem Cells: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (Part I). Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 19:523-543. [PMID: 35762556 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x17666220628125048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To evaluate the biological interaction between dental stem cells (DSCs) and different growth factors in the field of regenerative endodontics. METHODS A systematic search was conducted in the electronic databases up to October 2021. This study followed the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Ex vivo studies evaluating the biological interactions of DSCs and growth factors were included. The meta-analysis was performed according to the type of growth factor. The outcomes were cell viability/ proliferation and mineralization. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) were estimated using the random-effect maximum-likelihood method (P < .05). Additional analysis was performed to find any potential source of heterogeneity. RESULTS Twenty articles were included in the systematic review; meta-analysis was performed for fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) and Transforming growth factor-ß1 (TGF-β1) (n = 5). Results showed that use of FGF-2 significantly increased cell proliferation on day 1-(SMD = 3.56, P = 0.00), 3-(SMD = 9.04, P = 0.00), 5-(SMD = 8.37, P = 0.01), and 7 (SMD=8.51, P=0.00) than the control group. TGF-ß1 increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity more than control only on day 3 (SMD = 3.68, P = 0.02). TGF-β1 had no significant effect on cell proliferation on days 1 and 3 (P > 0.05) and on ALP activity on days 5 and 7 (P > 0.05). Meta-regression analysis showed that different covariates (i.e., cell type, passage number, and growth factors' concentration) could significantly influence the effect sizes at different follow- ups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Specific growth factors might enhance the proliferation and mineralization of DSCs; however, the obtained evidence was weak. Due to the high heterogeneity among the included studies, other growth factors' inhibitory/stimulatory effects on DSCs could not be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayna Shamszadeh
- Iranian Center for Endodontic Research, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Armin Shirvani
- Iranian Center for Endodontic Research, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Torabzadeh
- Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Asgary
- Iranian Center for Endodontic Research, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Yang F, Yu L, Li J, Cheng J, Zhang Y, Zhao X, Song G. Evaluation of concentrated growth factor and blood clot as scaffolds in regenerative endodontic procedures: A retrospective study. AUST ENDOD J 2023; 49:332-343. [PMID: 35877114 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The study aims to investigate and compare the success rate of concentrated growth factor (CGF) and blood clot (BC) as scaffolds in regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs). Immature permanent necrotic teeth treated by REPs with at least a 6-month follow-up were included. These teeth were divided into the CGF (53 teeth) and BC (68 teeth) groups. Treatment outcomes were assessed using a combined clinical and radiographic scoring system. The total success rate was 91.74% over a mean follow-up period of 23.15 months. There was no significant difference between the CGF group (86.79%) and BC group (95.59%). The success rate of traumatic teeth (84.31%) was significantly lower than that of teeth with developmental dental anomalies (98.39%) (p < 0.05). CGF may be a suitable alternative scaffold in REPs when adequate bleeding cannot be achieved. Moreover, compared to developmental dental anomalies, traumatic teeth treated by REPs may be more vulnerable to failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjiao Yang
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lintong Yu
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiahui Li
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yishan Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoe Zhao
- Department of Special Diagnosis, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guangtai Song
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Cai H, Xu X, Lu X, Zhao M, Jia Q, Jiang HB, Kwon JS. Dental Materials Applied to 3D and 4D Printing Technologies: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15102405. [PMID: 37242980 DOI: 10.3390/polym15102405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
As computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technologies have matured, three-dimensional (3D) printing materials suitable for dentistry have attracted considerable research interest, owing to their high efficiency and low cost for clinical treatment. Three-dimensional printing technology, also known as additive manufacturing, has developed rapidly over the last forty years, with gradual application in various fields from industry to dental sciences. Four-dimensional (4D) printing, defined as the fabrication of complex spontaneous structures that change over time in response to external stimuli in expected ways, includes the increasingly popular bioprinting. Existing 3D printing materials have varied characteristics and scopes of application; therefore, categorization is required. This review aims to classify, summarize, and discuss dental materials for 3D printing and 4D printing from a clinical perspective. Based on these, this review describes four major materials, i.e., polymers, metals, ceramics, and biomaterials. The manufacturing process of 3D printing and 4D printing materials, their characteristics, applicable printing technologies, and clinical application scope are described in detail. Furthermore, the development of composite materials for 3D printing is the main focus of future research, as combining multiple materials can improve the materials' properties. Updates in material sciences play important roles in dentistry; hence, the emergence of newer materials are expected to promote further innovations in dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- HongXin Cai
- Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaotong Xu
- The CONVERSATIONALIST Club, School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250117, China
| | - Xinyue Lu
- The CONVERSATIONALIST Club, School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250117, China
| | - Menghua Zhao
- The CONVERSATIONALIST Club, School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250117, China
| | - Qi Jia
- The CONVERSATIONALIST Club, School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250117, China
| | - Heng-Bo Jiang
- The CONVERSATIONALIST Club, School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250117, China
| | - Jae-Sung Kwon
- Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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Zeng Q, Zhou C, Li M, Qiu Y, Wei X, Liu H. Concentrated growth factor combined with iRoot BP Plus promotes inflamed pulp repair: an in vitro and in vivo study. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:225. [PMID: 37076830 PMCID: PMC10114309 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-02903-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelet concentrates combined with calcium silicate cements may promote reparative dentin formation. However, few studies have reported their effect on dental pulp inflammation. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of concentrated growth factor (CGF) combined with iRoot BP Plus on inflammatory human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) in vitro and inflamed pulp in rats in vivo. METHODS The proliferation of LPS-stimulated hDPSCs treated with 50% CGF with/without 25% iRoot BP Plus was evaluated using Cell Counting Kit-8 on days 1, 4 and 7. The expression of genes associated with inflammation on day 1 and differentiation on day 14 was analysed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The exposed pulp of rat maxillary molars was injected with 10 mg/mL LPS and directly capped with CGF membrane with/without iRoot BP Plus extract for 1, 7 and 28 days. The teeth were subjected to histologic analyses and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The proliferation rates of the inflammatory hDPSCs after the combination treatment were significantly higher than those after the other treatments on days 4 and 7 (P < 0.05). IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels were increased in inflammatory hDPSCs but decreased after treatment with CGF combined with iRoot BP Plus extract, whereas IL-4 and IL-10 showed the opposite expression patterns. Expression of the odontogenesis-related genes OCN, Runx2, and ALP was dramatically enhanced by combined treatment with CGF and iRoot BP Plus extract. In rat pulp, the average inflammation scores of the CGF and CGF-iRoot BP Plus groups significantly decreased in comparison with those of the LPS group (P < 0.05), and the CGF-iRoot BP Plus group had more reparative dentin than the CGF and BP groups. Immunohistochemical staining showed fewer M1 macrophages on day 1 and more M2 macrophages on day 7 in the CGF-iRoot BP Plus group than in the other groups. CONCLUSIONS The combination of CGF and iRoot BP Plus showed a synergistic effect on anti-inflammatory potential and promoted greater pulp healing than CGF or iRoot BP Plus alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zeng
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Can Zhou
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Mengjie Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Yu Qiu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Xi Wei
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, China.
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, China.
| | - Hongyan Liu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, China.
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, China.
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Piglionico SS, Pons C, Romieu O, Cuisinier F, Levallois B, Panayotov IV. In vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models for dental pulp regeneration. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2023; 34:15. [PMID: 37004591 PMCID: PMC10067643 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-023-06718-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Based on the concept of tissue engineering (Cells-Scaffold-Bioactive molecules), regenerative endodontics appeared as a new notion for dental endodontic treatment. Its approaches aim to preserve dental pulp vitality (pulp capping) or to regenerate a vascularized pulp-like tissue inside necrotic root canals by cell homing. To improve the methods of tissue engineering for pulp regeneration, numerous studies using in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models have been performed. This review explores the evolution of laboratory models used in such studies and classifies them according to different criteria. It starts from the initial two-dimensional in vitro models that allowed characterization of stem cell behavior, through 3D culture matrices combined with dental tissue and finally arrives at the more challenging ex vivo and in vivo models. The travel which follows the elaboration of such models reveals the difficulty in establishing reproducible laboratory models for dental pulp regeneration. The development of well-established protocols and new laboratory ex vivo and in vivo models in the field of pulp regeneration would lead to consistent results, reduction of animal experimentation, and facilitation of the translation to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Silvia Piglionico
- LBN, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
- Centro de Investigaciones Odontológicas, National University of Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina.
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Fujii Y, Hatori A, Chikazu D, Ogasawara T. Application of Dental Pulp Stem Cells for Bone and Neural Tissue Regeneration in Oral and Maxillofacial Region. Stem Cells Int 2023; 2023:2026572. [PMID: 37035445 PMCID: PMC10076122 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2026572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In the oral and maxillofacial region, the treatment of severe bone defects, caused by fractures, cancers, congenital abnormalities, etc., remains a great challenge. In addition, neurological disorders are frequently accompanied by these bone defects or the treatments for them. Therefore, novel bone regenerative techniques and methods to repair nerve injury are eagerly sought. Among them, strategies using dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are promising options. Human DPSCs can be collected easily from extracted teeth and are now considered a type of mesenchymal stem cell with higher clonogenic and proliferative potential. DPSCs have been getting attention as a cell source for bone and nerve regeneration. In this article, we reviewed the latest studies on osteogenic or neural differentiation of DPSCs as well as bone or neural regeneration methods using DPSCs and discussed the potential of DPSCs for bone and nerve tissue regeneration.
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Saeed Y. Title: Immunotherapy; a ground-breaking remedy for spinal cord injury with stumbling blocks: An overview. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1110008. [PMID: 36778022 PMCID: PMC9909832 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1110008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a debilitating disorder with no known standard and effective treatment. Despite its ability to exacerbate SCI sequel by accelerating auto-reactive immune cells, an immune response is also considered essential to the healing process. Therefore, immunotherapeutic strategies targeting spinal cord injuries may benefit from the dual nature of immune responses. An increasing body of research suggests that immunization against myelin inhibitors can promote axon remyelination after SCI. However, despite advancements in our understanding of neuroimmune responses, immunoregulation-based therapeutic strategies have yet to receive widespread acceptance. Therefore, it is a prerequisite to enhance the understanding of immune regulation to ensure the safety and efficacy of immunotherapeutic treatments. The objective of the present study was to provide an overview of previous studies regarding the advantages and limitations of immunotherapeutic strategies for functional recovery after spinal cord injury, especially in light of limiting factors related to DNA and cell-based vaccination strategies by providing a novel prospect to lay the foundation for future studies that will help devise a safe and effective treatment for spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmeen Saeed
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern Guangdong, 288 University Ave. Zhenjiang District, Shaoguan City, Guangdong Province, China
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Concentrated Growth Factors Combined with Lipopolysaccharide Stimulate the In Vitro Regenerative and Osteogenic Activities of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells by Balancing Inflammation. Int J Dent 2022; 2022:2316666. [PMID: 36571070 PMCID: PMC9780000 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2316666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim We investigated the long-term effects of exposure to concentrated growth factors (CGFs) on the regenerative properties of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) in the presence and absence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as a proinflammatory agent. Methods DPSCs were cultured with CGF at different concentrations of LPS (0.1, 1, and 10 µg/ml) for 21 days. Then, using MTT and scratch assays, the cell viability and migration were examined. Osteogenic stimulation was evaluated by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and Sirius Red staining, which determined the ALP activity and collagen levels, respectively. The expression levels of osteogenic markers were quantified using the qRT-PCR method. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's HSD test were used to analyze differences between groups. Results Long-term treatment of DPSCs with CGFs reduced LPS-induced cell death. Moreover, CGF and LPS (1 µg/ml), either in combination or alone, improved the DPSC migratory ability and caused a significant increase in osteogenic stimulation through the upregulation of collagen levels and ALP activity. Additionally, CGFs significantly upregulated RUNX2, DSPP, OCN, and OPN mRNA levels (as osteogenic markers), while LPS (1 µg/ml) only significantly increased OCN overexpression. Conclusion Our findings are evidence that CGF could be a promising agent to induce dentin-pulp complex healing in long-term chronic inflammation.
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Palermo A, Giannotti L, Di Chiara Stanca B, Ferrante F, Gnoni A, Nitti P, Calabriso N, Demitri C, Damiano F, Batani T, Lungherini M, Carluccio MA, Rapone B, Qorri E, Scarano A, Siculella L, Stanca E, Rochira A. Use of CGF in Oral and Implant Surgery: From Laboratory Evidence to Clinical Evaluation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315164. [PMID: 36499489 PMCID: PMC9736623 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Edentulism is the condition of having lost natural teeth, and has serious social, psychological, and emotional consequences. The need for implant services in edentulous patients has dramatically increased during the last decades. In this study, the effects of concentrated growth factor (CGF), an autologous blood-derived biomaterial, in improving the process of osseointegration of dental implants have been evaluated. Here, permeation of dental implants with CGF has been obtained by using a Round up device. These CGF-coated dental implants retained a complex internal structure capable of releasing growth factors (VEGF, TGF-β1, and BMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) over time. The CGF-permeated implants induced the osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow stem cells (hBMSC) as confirmed by matrix mineralization and the expression of osteogenic differentiation markers. Moreover, CGF provided dental implants with a biocompatible and biologically active surface that significantly improved adhesion of endothelial cells on CGF-coated implants compared to control implants (without CGF). Finally, data obtained from surgical interventions with CGF-permeated dental implants presented better results in terms of optimal osseointegration and reduced post-surgical complications. These data, taken together, highlight new and interesting perspectives in the use of CGF in the dental implantology field to improve osseointegration and promote the healing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Palermo
- College of Medicine and Dentistry Birmingham, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B4 6BN, UK
| | - Laura Giannotti
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Benedetta Di Chiara Stanca
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Gnoni
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Paola Nitti
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, Campus Ecotekne, University of Salento, Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Nadia Calabriso
- National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Christian Demitri
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, Campus Ecotekne, University of Salento, Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Damiano
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Biagio Rapone
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Aldo Moro University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Erda Qorri
- Faculty of Medical Science, Albanian University, Bulevardi Zogu I, 1001 Tirana, Albania
| | - Antonio Scarano
- Department of Oral Science, Nano and Biotechnology and CeSi-Met, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Luisa Siculella
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (E.S.)
| | - Eleonora Stanca
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (E.S.)
| | - Alessio Rochira
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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Kavitha M, Shakthipriya S, Arunaraj D, Hemamalini R, Velayudham S, Bakthavatchalam B. Comparative Evaluation of Platelet-rich Fibrin and Concentrated Growth Factor as Scaffolds in Regenerative Endodontic Procedure: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. J Contemp Dent Pract 2022; 23:1211-1217. [PMID: 37125518 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM This randomized controlled trial evaluated the efficacy of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and concentrated growth factor (CGF) as scaffolds in the regenerative endodontic procedure (REP) using clinical and radiographic parameters along with cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The apexogenesis procedure was performed in 16 teeth. They were randomly divided into two groups of eight teeth each: group I and group II. In group I PRF was used as the scaffold and in group II CGF was used as the scaffold. They were evaluated for pain, pulpal vitality, tenderness on percussion, and mobility, and also evaluated using digital radiographs at 3, 6, 12, and 18 months interval. The response of the teeth was graded using Chen and Chen criteria. Increase in root length, reduction in the apical foramen dimension, and reduction in periapical lesion volume were evaluated using CBCT scans taken preoperatively and at 18 months. RESULTS At the end of 3 months, 50% of teeth without periapical pathology were found to be vital in both groups. At the end of 18 months, 60% of the teeth in both groups showed increase in root length, all teeth showed closure of apical foramen, and reduction in the volume of periapical lesion. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The clinical and radiographic features reported in this study revealed that both PRF and CGF act as effective scaffolds in REP for regeneration of pulp-dentin complex with promising results. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Apexogenesis by revascularization has not been used regularly for the treatment of nonvital teeth with open apex because the results are not reliable. Since platelet concentrates like PRF and CGF are rich in growth factors; when apexogenesis is performed by REP using these platelet concentrates, desirable results can be achieved in a short duration of time. They also accelerate the healing of periapical lesions present in such cases. With the increased success rate of apexogenesis with REP, many clinicians would prefer to use REPs as a treatment option for teeth with open apex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendran Kavitha
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Tamil Nadu Government Dental College and Hospital (Affiliated to Tamil Nadu Dr MGR Medical University), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sivaprakasam Shakthipriya
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Tamil Nadu Government Dental College and Hospital (Affiliated to Tamil Nadu Dr MGR Medical University), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Phone: +91 9677247520, e-mail:
| | - Dorai Arunaraj
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Government Royapettah Hospital, (Affiliated to Tamil Nadu Dr MGR Medical University), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rangarajan Hemamalini
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan Dental College (Affiliated to Tamil Nadu Dr MGR Medical University), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sekar Velayudham
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Tamil Nadu Government Dental College and Hospital (Affiliated to Tamil Nadu Dr MGR Medical University), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Balakrishnan Bakthavatchalam
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Tamil Nadu Government Dental College and Hospital (Affiliated to Tamil Nadu Dr MGR Medical University), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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14
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Sun YQ, Sun R, Zhao JH. The efficacy of minocycline hydrochloride ointment versus iodoform gauze for alveolar osteitis: A prospective cohort study. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:448. [PMID: 36258229 PMCID: PMC9580180 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02468-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alveolar osteitis (AO) is one of the most commonly encountered complication following tooth extraction, however, to date there is no standard methods of prevention and treatment. The study aims to investigate the efficiency of minocycline hydrochloride ointment (MHO) for the treatment of alveolar osteitis compared with traditional treatment with iodoform gauze (IG). Methods/design STROBE checklist was followed to report this study. All patients underwent tooth extraction either in our department or other hospitals, whom presented with postoperative pain, were screened out to meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria of this study about AO. Patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were enrolled in our prospective cohort study, and MHO or IG was administered. The Visual analog scale scores were used to assess the pain score of patients. The healing status of the extraction sockets was followed up. Differences in responses between groups were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U tests. Chi-square test was performed to explore the differences in the teeth position of AO. Results Of 41,371 patients underwent tooth extraction with post-operative follow-up in our departments, only 20 patients (0.05%) suffered from AO. 31 patients with AO, whose teeth were extracted in other places, were also enrolled. The incidence of AO was significantly higher in third molars than other teeth (P < 0.01). In 28 patients that were treated with MHO, the pain was relieved substantially on day 3 and almost painless on day 7. And only 25% of cases required dressing change more than once. Whilst 23 patients treated with IG, the pain was relieved on day 5, and 56.5% of cases required multiple dressing change. The difference between the two groups of VAS scores had statistical significance during treatment at 8 h, 24 h, 3d, 5d, and 7d. No allergic reaction or further infection occurred. Conclusion MHO has a safer and higher therapeutic effect in the treatment of AO compared with traditional treatment with IG. MHO may become a preferred treatment modality for AO. Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12903-022-02468-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qi Sun
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, No. 237 Luoyu Road, 430079, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Sun
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, No. 237 Luoyu Road, 430079, Wuhan, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, No. 237 Luoyu Road, 430079, Wuhan, China
| | - Ji-Hong Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, No. 237 Luoyu Road, 430079, Wuhan, China. .,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, No. 237 Luoyu Road, 430079, Wuhan, China.
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15
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Chen J, Zhou X, Sun W, Zhang Z, Teng W, Wang F, Sun H, Zhang W, Wang J, Yu X, Ye Z, Li W. Vascular Derived ECM Improves Therapeutic Index of BMP-2 and Drives Vascularized Bone Regeneration. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2107991. [PMID: 35218305 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202107991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Vascularized osteogenesis is essential for successful bone regeneration, yet its realization during large size bone defect healing remains challenging due to the difficulty to couple multiple biological processes. Herein, harnessing the intrinsic angiogenic potential of vascular derived extracellular matrix (vECM) and its specific affinity to growth factors, a vECM/GelMA based hybrid hydrogel delivery system is constructed to achieve optimized bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) therapeutic index and provide intrinsic angiogenic induction during bone healing. The incorporation of vECM not only effectively regulates BMP-2 kinetics to match the bone healing timeframe, but also promotes angiogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. In vivo results also show that vECM-mediated BMP-2 release remarkably enhances vascularized bone formation for critical size bone defects. In particular, blood vessel ingrowth stained with CD31 marker in the defect area is substantially encouraged over the course of healing, suggesting incorporation of vECM served roles in both angiogenesis and osteogenesis. Thus, the authors' study exemplifies that affinity of growth factor towards ECM may be a promising strategy to be leveraged to develop sophisticated delivery systems endowed with desirable properties for regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
| | - Xingzhi Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
| | - Wenquan Sun
- School of Medical and Food, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China
| | - Zengjie Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
| | - Wangsiyuan Teng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
| | - Fangqian Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
| | - Hangxiang Sun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
| | - Jianwei Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohua Yu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoming Ye
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
| | - Weixu Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
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16
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Noohi P, Abdekhodaie MJ, Nekoofar MH, Galler KM, Dummer PMH. Advances in Scaffolds Used for Pulp-Dentine Complex Tissue Engineering - A Narrative Review. Int Endod J 2022; 55:1277-1316. [PMID: 36039729 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Pulp necrosis in immature teeth disrupts root development and predisposes roots to fracture as a consequence of their thin walls and open apices. Regenerative endodontics is a developing treatment modality whereby necrotic pulps are replaced with newly formed healthy tissue inside the root canal. Many clinical studies have demonstrated the potential of this strategy to stimulate root maturation and apical root-end closure. However, clinical outcomes are patient-dependent and unpredictable. The development of predictable clinical protocols is achieved through the interplay of the three classical elements of tissue engineering, namely, stem cells, signaling molecules, and scaffolds. Scaffolds provide structural support for cells to adhere and proliferate and also regulate cell differentiation and metabolism. Hence, designing and fabricating an appropriate scaffold is a crucial step in tissue engineering. In this review, four main classes of scaffolds used to engineer pulp-dentine complexes, including bioceramic-based scaffolds, synthetic polymer-based scaffolds, natural polymer-based scaffolds, and composite scaffolds, are covered. Additionally, recent advances in the design, fabrication, and application of such scaffolds are analysed along with their advantages and limitations. Finally, the importance of vascular network establishment in the success of pulp-dentine complex regeneration and strategies used to create scaffolds to address this challenge are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Noohi
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad J Abdekhodaie
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad H Nekoofar
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Endodontic, Bahçeşehir University School of Dentistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kerstin M Galler
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Paul M H Dummer
- School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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17
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Cells and material-based strategies for regenerative endodontics. Bioact Mater 2022; 14:234-249. [PMID: 35310358 PMCID: PMC8897646 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
<p class = "Abstract" style = "margin: 0 cm; line-height: 32px; font-size: 12 pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); "><span lang = "EN-US">The carious process leads to inflammation of pulp tissue. Current care options include root canal treatment or apexification. These procedures, however, result in the loss of tooth vitality, sensitivity, and healing. Pulp capping and dental pulp regeneration are continually evolving techniques to regenerate pulp tissue, avoiding necrosis and loss of vitality. Many studies have successfully employed stem/progenitor cell populations, revascularization approaches, scaffolds or material-based strategies for pulp regeneration. Here we outline advantages and disadvantages of different methods and techniques which are currently being used in the field of regenerative endodontics. We also summarize recent findings on efficacious peptide-based materials which target the dental niche.<o:p></o:p></span></p> Pulp infection necessitates removal of necrotic, inflamed and infected tissue. Materials used clinically are inert (such as gutta percha, mineral trioxide aggregate). Recent developments in materials (angiogenic hydrogels, stem cell composites) have tuneable bioactivity. Dental pulp regeneration may now be possible through the use of bioactive systems, that guide regeneration.
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18
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Tudureanu R, Handrea-Dragan IM, Boca S, Botiz I. Insight and Recent Advances into the Role of Topography on the Cell Differentiation and Proliferation on Biopolymeric Surfaces. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147731. [PMID: 35887079 PMCID: PMC9315624 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well known that surface topography plays an important role in cell behavior, including adhesion, migration, orientation, elongation, proliferation and differentiation. Studying these cell functions is essential in order to better understand and control specific characteristics of the cells and thus to enhance their potential in various biomedical applications. This review proposes to investigate the extent to which various surface relief patterns, imprinted in biopolymer films or in polymeric films coated with biopolymers, by utilizing specific lithographic techniques, influence cell behavior and development. We aim to understand how characteristics such as shape, dimension or chemical functionality of surface relief patterns alter the orientation and elongation of cells, and thus, finally make their mark on the cell proliferation and differentiation. We infer that such an insight is a prerequisite for pushing forward the comprehension of the methodologies and technologies used in tissue engineering applications and products, including skin or bone implants and wound or fracture healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raluca Tudureanu
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400271 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.T.); (I.M.H.-D.); (S.B.)
- Faculty of Physics, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Iuliana M. Handrea-Dragan
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400271 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.T.); (I.M.H.-D.); (S.B.)
- Faculty of Physics, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sanda Boca
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400271 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.T.); (I.M.H.-D.); (S.B.)
| | - Ioan Botiz
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400271 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.T.); (I.M.H.-D.); (S.B.)
- Correspondence:
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19
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Lin X, Tsao CT, Kyomoto M, Zhang M. Injectable Natural Polymer Hydrogels for Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2101479. [PMID: 34535978 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a serious chronic and degenerative disease that increasingly occurs in the aged population. Its current clinical treatments are limited to symptom relief and cannot regenerate cartilage. Although a better understanding of OA pathophysiology has been facilitating the development of novel therapeutic regimen, delivery of therapeutics to target sites with minimal invasiveness, high retention, and minimal side effects remains a challenge. Biocompatible hydrogels have been recognized to be highly promising for controlled delivery and release of therapeutics and biologics for tissue repair. In this review, the current approaches and the challenges in OA treatment, and unique properties of injectable natural polymer hydrogels as delivery system to overcome the challenges are presented. The common methods for fabrication of injectable polysaccharide-based hydrogels and the effects of their composition and properties on the OA treatment are detailed. The strategies of the use of hydrogels for loading and release cargos are also covered. Finally, recent efforts on the development of injectable polysaccharide-based hydrogels for OA treatment are highlighted, and their current limitations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA
| | - Ching Ting Tsao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA
| | - Masayuki Kyomoto
- Medical R&D Center Corporate R&D Group KYOCERA Corporation 800 Ichimiyake, Yasu Shiga 520‐2362 Japan
| | - Miqin Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA
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20
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Comparative effects of concentrated growth factors on the biological characteristics of periodontal ligament cells and stem cells from apical papilla. J Endod 2022; 48:1029-1037. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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21
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Treatment Outcomes of Regenerative Endodontic Procedures in Traumatized Immature Permanent Necrotic Teeth: A Retrospective Study. J Endod 2022; 48:1129-1136. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2022.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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22
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Osteogenic differentiation of pulp stem cells from human permanent teeth on an oxygen-releasing electrospun scaffold. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-022-04145-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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23
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Liu P, Zhang Y, Ma Y, Tan S, Ren B, Liu S, Dai H, Xu Z. Application of dental pulp stem cells in oral maxillofacial tissue engineering. Int J Med Sci 2022; 19:310-320. [PMID: 35165516 PMCID: PMC8795794 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.68494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the maxillofacial area, soft and hard tissue abnormalities are caused by trauma, tumors, infection, and other causes that expose the maxillofacial region to the surface of the human body. Patients' normal physiological function and appearance are interfered with, and their mental health is adversely impacted, reducing their overall life quality. The pursuit of appropriate medical treatments to correct these abnormalities is thus vital. Autologous stem cell regeneration technology mainly focused on tissues has lately emerged as a significant problem in the medical community. Because of the capacity of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) to self-renew, the use of DPSCs from the human pulp tissues of deciduous teeth or permanent teeth has gained popularity among scientists as a stem cell-based therapy option. Aside from that, they are simple to extract and have minimal immunogenicity. As a result, bone tissue engineering may be a critical component in treating maxillofacial and periodontal bone abnormalities. DPSCs activity in maxillofacial and periodontal tissue-engineered bone tissue was investigated in this research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yingxin Zhang
- Department of Oral Emergency, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yujie Ma
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Shuang Tan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Bingyi Ren
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Shitao Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - HuanYan Dai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Zhimin Xu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
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Remyelination in PNS and CNS: current and upcoming cellular and molecular strategies to treat disabling neuropathies. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:8097-8110. [PMID: 34731366 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06755-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Myelin is a lipid-rich nerve cover that consists of glial cell's plasmalemma layers and accelerates signal conduction. Axon-myelin contact is a source for many developmental and regenerative signals of myelination. Intra- or extracellular factors including both enhancers and inhibitors are other factors affecting the myelination process. Myelin damages are observed in several congenital and hereditary diseases, physicochemical conditions, infections, or traumatic insults, and remyelination is known as an intrinsic response to injuries. Here we discuss some molecular events and conditions involved in de- and remyelination and compare the phenomena of remyelination in CNS and PNS. We have explained applying some of these molecular events in myelin restoration. Finally, the current and upcoming treatment strategies for myelin restoration are explained in three groups of immunotherapy, endogenous regeneration enhancement, and cell therapy to give a better insight for finding the more effective rehabilitation strategies considering the underlying molecular events of a lesion formation and its current condition.
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Lai WY, Lee TH, Chen JX, Ng HY, Huang TH, Shie MY. Synergies of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cell-Laden Calcium Silicate-Activated Gelatin Methacrylate for Accelerating 3D Human Dental Pulp Stem Cell Differentiation for Endodontic Regeneration. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13193301. [PMID: 34641117 PMCID: PMC8512667 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, tooth caries is a common problem affecting 9 out of every 10 adults worldwide. Dentin regeneration has since become one of the pressing issues in dentistry with tissue engineering emerging as a potential solution for enhancing dentin regeneration. In this study, we fabricated cell blocks with human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs)-laden alginate/fish gelatin hydrogels (Alg/FGel) at the center of the cell block and human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVEC)-laden Si ion-infused fish gelatin methacrylate (FGelMa) at the periphery of the cell block. 1H NMR and FTIR results showed the successful fabrication of Alg/FGel and FGelMa. In addition, Si ions in the FGelMa were noted to be bonded via covalent bonds and the increased number of covalent bonds led to an increase in mechanical properties and improved degradation of FGelMa. The Si-containing FGelMa was able to release Si ions, which subsequently significantly not only enhanced the expressions of angiogenic-related protein, but also secreted some cytokines to regulate odontogenesis. Further immunofluorescence results indicated that the cell blocks allowed interactions between the HUVEC and hDPSCs, and taken together, were able to enhance odontogenic-related markers' expression, such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP), dentin matrix phosphoprotein-1 (DMP-1), and osteocalcin (OC). Subsequent Alizarin Red S stain confirmed the benefits of our cell block and demonstrated that such a novel combination and modification of biomaterials can serve as a platform for future clinical applications and use in dentin regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yun Lai
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan;
| | - Tzu-Hsin Lee
- Department of Orthodontics, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan;
| | - Jian-Xun Chen
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan; (J.-X.C.); (H.-Y.N.)
- Department of Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - Hooi-Yee Ng
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan; (J.-X.C.); (H.-Y.N.)
- x-Dimension Center for Medical Research and Translation, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Tsui-Hsien Huang
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan;
- Department of Stomatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (T.-H.H.); (M.-Y.S.)
| | - Ming-You Shie
- x-Dimension Center for Medical Research and Translation, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (T.-H.H.); (M.-Y.S.)
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26
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Luo H, Liu W, Zhou Y, Jiang X, Liu Y, Yang Q, Shao L. Concentrated growth factor regulates the macrophage-mediated immune response. Regen Biomater 2021; 8:rbab049. [PMID: 34513006 PMCID: PMC8421811 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbab049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Concentrated growth factor (CGF) is a promising regenerative material that serves as a scaffold and adjunct growth factor for tissue engineering. The host immune response, particularly macrophage activity, plays a critical role in injury repair and tissue regeneration. However, the biological effect of CGF on the immune response is not clear. To enrich the theoretical groundwork for clinical application, the present study examined the immunoregulatory role of CGF in macrophage functional activities in vitro. The CGF scaffold appeared as a dense fibrin network with multiple embedded leukocytes and platelets, and it was biocompatible with macrophages. Concentrated bioactive factors in the CGF extract enhanced THP-1 monocyte recruitment and promoted the maturation of suspended monocytes into adherent macrophages. CGF extract also promoted THP-1 macrophage polarization toward the M2 phenotype with upregulated CD163 expression, as detected by cell morphology and surface marker expression. A cytokine antibody array showed that CGF extract exerted a regulatory effect on macrophage functional activities by reducing secretion of the inflammatory factor interleukin-1β while inducing expression of the chemokine regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted. Mechanistically, the AKT signaling pathway was activated, and an AKT inhibitor partially suppressed the immunomodulatory effect of CGF. Our findings reveal that CGF induces a favorable immune response mediated by macrophages, which represents a promising strategy for functional tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyun Luo
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, 366 Jiangnan Avenue South, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Yachuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, NO. 14, 3rd Section of Ren Min Nan Rd., Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiao Jiang
- Department of Oral Medicine, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Yeungyeung Liu
- Department of Periodontics, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, 366 Jiangnan Avenue South, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Longquan Shao
- Department of Prosthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
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Analysis of CGF Biomolecules, Structure and Cell Population: Characterization of the Stemness Features of CGF Cells and Osteogenic Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168867. [PMID: 34445573 PMCID: PMC8396261 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Concentrated Growth Factors (CGF) represent new autologous (blood-derived biomaterial), attracting growing interest in the field of regenerative medicine. In this study, the chemical, structural, and biological characterization of CGF was carried out. CGF molecular characterization was performed by GC/MS to quantify small metabolites and by ELISA to measure growth factors and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) release; structural CGF characterization was carried out by SEM analysis and immunohistochemistry; CGF has been cultured, and its primary cells were isolated for the identification of their surface markers by flow cytometry, Western blot, and real-time PCR; finally, the osteogenic differentiation of CGF primary cells was evaluated through matrix mineralization by alizarin red staining and through mRNA quantification of osteogenic differentiation markers by real-time PCR. We found that CGF has a complex inner structure capable of influencing the release of growth factors, metabolites, and cells. These cells, which could regulate the production and release of the CGF growth factors, show stem features and are able to differentiate into osteoblasts producing a mineralized matrix. These data, taken together, highlight interesting new perspectives for the use of CGF in regenerative medicine.
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28
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Li Z, Liu L, Wang L, Song D. The effects and potential applications of concentrated growth factor in dentin-pulp complex regeneration. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:357. [PMID: 34147130 PMCID: PMC8214771 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02446-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The dentin-pulp complex is essential for the long-term integrity and viability of teeth but it is susceptible to damage caused by external factors. Because traditional approaches for preserving the dentin-pulp complex have various limitations, there is a need for novel methods for dentin-pulp complex reconstruction. The development of stem cell-based tissue engineering has given rise to the possibility of combining dental stem cells with a tissue-reparative microenvironment to promote dentin-pulp complex regeneration. Concentrated growth factor, a platelet concentrate, is a promising scaffold for the treatment of dentin-pulp complex disorders. Given its characteristics of autogenesis, convenience, usability, and biodegradability, concentrated growth factor has gained popularity in medical and dental fields for repairing bone defects and promoting soft-tissue healing. Numerous in vitro studies have demonstrated that concentrated growth factor can promote the proliferation and migration of dental stem cells. Here, we review the current state of knowledge on the effects of concentrated growth factor on stem cells and its potential applications in dentin-pulp complex regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14# Third Section, Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Liu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14# Third Section, Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Liu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14# Third Section, Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Dongzhe Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14# Third Section, Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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29
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Calabriso N, Stanca E, Rochira A, Damiano F, Giannotti L, Di Chiara Stanca B, Massaro M, Scoditti E, Demitri C, Nitti P, Palermo A, Siculella L, Carluccio MA. Angiogenic Properties of Concentrated Growth Factors (CGFs): The Role of Soluble Factors and Cellular Components. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13050635. [PMID: 33946931 PMCID: PMC8146902 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood-derived concentrated growth factors (CGFs) represent a novel autologous biomaterial with promising applications in regenerative medicine. Angiogenesis is a key factor in tissue regeneration, but the role played by CGFs in vessel formation is not clear. The purpose of this study was to characterize the angiogenic properties of CGFs by evaluating the effects of its soluble factors and cellular components on the neovascularization in an in vitro model of angiogenesis. CGF clots were cultured for 14 days in cell culture medium; after that, CGF-conditioned medium (CGF-CM) was collected, and soluble factors and cellular components were separated and characterized. CGF-soluble factors, such as growth factors (VEGF and TGF-β1) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and -9), were assessed by ELISA. Angiogenic properties of CGF-soluble factors were analyzed by stimulating human cultured endothelial cells with increasing concentrations (1%, 5%, 10%, or 20%) of CGF-CM, and their effect on cell migration and tubule-like formation was assessed by wound healing and Matrigel assay, respectively. The expression of endothelial angiogenic mediators was determined using qRT-PCR and ELISA assays. CGF-derived cells were characterized by immunostaining, qRT-PCR and Matrigel assay. We found that CGF-CM, consisting of essential pro-angiogenic factors, such as VEGF, TGF-β1, MMP-9, and MMP-2, promoted endothelial cell migration; tubule structure formation; and endothelial expression of multiple angiogenic mediators, including growth factors, chemokines, and metalloproteinases. Moreover, we discovered that CGF-derived cells exhibited features such as endothelial progenitor cells, since they expressed the CD34 stem cell marker and endothelial markers and participated in the neo-angiogenic process. In conclusion, our results suggest that CGFs are able to promote endothelial angiogenesis through their soluble and cellular components and that CGFs can be used as a biomaterial for therapeutic vasculogenesis in the field of tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Calabriso
- National Research Council (CNR), Campus Ecotekne, Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), University of Salento, Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (N.C.); (M.M.); (E.S.)
| | - Eleonora Stanca
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Campus Ecotekne, University of Salento, Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (E.S.); (A.R.); (F.D.); (L.G.); (B.D.C.S.)
| | - Alessio Rochira
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Campus Ecotekne, University of Salento, Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (E.S.); (A.R.); (F.D.); (L.G.); (B.D.C.S.)
| | - Fabrizio Damiano
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Campus Ecotekne, University of Salento, Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (E.S.); (A.R.); (F.D.); (L.G.); (B.D.C.S.)
| | - Laura Giannotti
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Campus Ecotekne, University of Salento, Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (E.S.); (A.R.); (F.D.); (L.G.); (B.D.C.S.)
| | - Benedetta Di Chiara Stanca
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Campus Ecotekne, University of Salento, Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (E.S.); (A.R.); (F.D.); (L.G.); (B.D.C.S.)
| | - Marika Massaro
- National Research Council (CNR), Campus Ecotekne, Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), University of Salento, Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (N.C.); (M.M.); (E.S.)
| | - Egeria Scoditti
- National Research Council (CNR), Campus Ecotekne, Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), University of Salento, Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (N.C.); (M.M.); (E.S.)
| | - Christian Demitri
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, Campus Ecotekne, University of Salento, Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (C.D.); (P.N.)
| | - Paola Nitti
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, Campus Ecotekne, University of Salento, Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (C.D.); (P.N.)
| | - Andrea Palermo
- Implant Dentistry College of Medicine and Dentistry Birmingham, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B4 6BN, UK;
| | - Luisa Siculella
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Campus Ecotekne, University of Salento, Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (E.S.); (A.R.); (F.D.); (L.G.); (B.D.C.S.)
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (M.A.C.)
| | - Maria Annunziata Carluccio
- National Research Council (CNR), Campus Ecotekne, Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), University of Salento, Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (N.C.); (M.M.); (E.S.)
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (M.A.C.)
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30
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Korkmaz B, Balli U. Clinical evaluation of the treatment of multiple gingival recessions with connective tissue graft or concentrated growth factor using tunnel technique: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:6347-6356. [PMID: 33830339 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-03935-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effectiveness of the combination of tunnel technique (TT) and concentrated growth factor (CGF) for root coverage in treating multiple gingival recessions (GR) and compare with the connective tissue graft (CTG). MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty patients with Miller Class I and II maxillary or mandibular GR were randomly divided into two groups as follows: TT + CTG and TT + CGF. The results at baseline and 6 months were evaluated for the following clinical parameters: complete root coverage (CRC), mean root coverage (MRC), gingival thickness (GT), gingival recession width (RW), gingival recession depth (RD), and keratinized tissue width (KTW). RESULTS At 6 months, a statistically significant difference was found in RD, RW, MRC, CRC, KTW, and GT compared with the baseline (p < 0.05). MRC was determined 89.52±16.36% in the TT + CTG and 76.60±24.10% in the TT + CGF (p < 0.05). CRC was achieved in 66.7% of the TT + CTG and 47.4% of the TT + CGF (p < 0.05). The increase in KTW and GT was significantly better in the TT + CTG group compared to the TT + CGF (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The study showed that TT + CGF did not improve the results as much as TT + CTG in the treatment of Miller Class I and II GR. However, this finding is not sufficient to advocate the true clinical effects of CGF on GR treatment with TT. CLINICAL RELEVANCE CGF could not serve as a direct alternative biomaterial to the gold standard CTG. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identification Number: NCT04561947.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birsen Korkmaz
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey.
| | - Umut Balli
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
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31
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Li J, Zhu Y, Li N, Wu T, Zheng X, Heng BC, Zou D, Xu J. Upregulation of ETV2 Expression Promotes Endothelial Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells. Cell Transplant 2021; 30:963689720978739. [PMID: 33522307 PMCID: PMC7863555 DOI: 10.1177/0963689720978739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of vasculogenesis often hampers the survivability and integration of newly engineered tissue grafts within the host. Autologous endothelial cells (ECs) are an ideal cell source for neovascularization, but they are limited by their scarcity, lack of proliferative capacity, and donor site morbidity upon isolation. The objective of this study was to determine whether differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) into the endothelial lineage can be enhanced by recombinant ETV2 overexpression. DPSCs were extracted from fresh dental pulp tissues. ETV2 overexpression in DPSCs was achieved by lentiviral infection and cellular morphological changes were evaluated. The mRNA and protein expression levels of endothelial-specific markers were assessed through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blot, immunofluorescence staining, and flow cytometry. The tube formation assay and Matrigel plug assay were also performed to evaluate the angiogenic potential of the ETV2-transduced cells in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Additionally, proteomic analysis was performed to analyze global changes in protein expression following ETV2 overexpression. After lentiviral infection, ETV2-overexpressing DPSCs showed endothelial-like morphology. Compared with control DPSCs, significantly higher mRNA and protein expression levels of endothelial-specific genes, including CD31, VE-Cadherin, VEGFR1, and VEGFR2, were detected in ETV2-overexpressing DPSCs. Moreover, ETV2 overexpression enhanced capillary-like tube formation on Matrigel in vitro, as well as neovascularization in vivo. In addition, comparative proteomic profiling showed that ETV2 overexpression upregulated the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptors, which was indicative of increased VEGF signaling. Taken together, our results indicate that ETV2 overexpression significantly enhanced the endothelial differentiation of DPSCs. Thus, this study shows that DPSCs can be a promising candidate cell source for tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, 12589Shandong University, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Youming Zhu
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatologic Hospital & College, 12485Anhui Medical University, Key Lab of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, 12589Shandong University, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatologic Hospital & College, 12485Anhui Medical University, Key Lab of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Xianyu Zheng
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatologic Hospital & College, 12485Anhui Medical University, Key Lab of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Boon Chin Heng
- Central Laboratories, School of Stomatology, 12465Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Duohong Zou
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, 56694Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jianguang Xu
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatologic Hospital & College, 12485Anhui Medical University, Key Lab of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, P. R. China
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32
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Zhang W, Shen J, Zhang S, Liu X, Pan S, Li Y, Zhang L, He L, Niu Y. Silencing integrin α6 enhances the pluripotency-differentiation transition in human dental pulp stem cells. Oral Dis 2021; 28:711-722. [PMID: 33404136 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although integrins have been shown to be associated with proliferation and differentiation in some stem cells, the regulatory effect of integrin α6 (ITGα6) on the human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) has not been reported. Here, we detected the roles of ITGα6 in hDPSCs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Attached to Cytodex 3 microcarriers, hDPSCs grown under stimulated microgravity (SMG) or conventional culture conditions were measured the proliferation and different gene expression. Further, ITGα6 was silenced in hDPSCs, and its effect on proliferation, differentiation, and cytoskeletal organization was analyzed. RESULTS SMG conditions increased the number of Ki67-positive hDPSCs and progression into S phase of cell cycle. WB analysis showed the expression of ITGα6 was upregulated in hDPSCs under SMG conditions. Knockdown of ITGα6 decreased the expression of stemness markers, CD105 and STRO-1 in hDPSCs, but promoted the osteogenic and odontogenic differentiation by increased ALP expression and Alizarin Red nodules. Moreover, RNA-seq demonstrated that RHO/ROCK signaling pathway upregulated silencing ITGα6-hDPSCs. Treatment with Y-27632 inhibited the effect of ITGα6 depletion on hDPSCs stemness, rearranged the cytoskeleton, promoted the pluripotency, proliferation ability, and inhibited the differentiation. CONCLUSION ITGα6 promotes hDPSCs stemness via inhibiting RHO/ROCK and restoring cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Endodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jingling Shen
- Institute of Life Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Department of Endodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Stomatology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuang Pan
- Department of Endodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanping Li
- Department of Endodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Endodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lina He
- Department of Endodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yumei Niu
- Department of Endodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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33
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Zeb Khan S, Mirza S, Karim S, Inoue T, Bin-Shuwaish MS, Al Deeb L, Al Ahdal K, Al-Hamdan RS, Maawadh AM, Vohra F, Abduljabbar T. Immunohistochemical study of dental pulp cells with 3D collagen type I gel in demineralized dentin tubules in vivo. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2020; 20:438-444. [PMID: 32216743 PMCID: PMC7664783 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2020.4614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp cells (DPCs) represent good candidates for the regeneration of dental tissue. This study aimed to evaluate the growth and differentiation potential of DPCs cultured inside demineralized dentin tubules in vivo. Six green fluorescent protein-transgenic rats (body weight 100 g each) and thirty-two Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats (body weight 250 g each) were used for DPC collection and dentin tubules preparation and transplantation, respectively. Third-passage DPCs with or without collagen gels were loaded into demineralized dentin tubules. Both types of grafts were transplanted into the rectus abdominis muscles of SD rats and were harvested after 21 days. The expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone sialoprotein (BSP), osteopontin (OPN), nestin, and dentin sialoprotein (DSP) was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Histological analysis showed that DPCs in the collagen gel formed an osteodentin-like hard tissue matrix after 21 days. Increased positive immunoreactivity for ALP, BSP, OPN, nestin, and DSP was observed in experimental groups compared with control. Our results demonstrate that DPCs in collagen gel inside demineralized dentin tubules show increased growth and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Zeb Khan
- Department of Clinical Pathophysiology, Graduate School of Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sana Mirza
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Samina Karim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Khyber Girls Medical College, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Takashi Inoue
- Department of Clinical Pathophysiology, Graduate School of Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mohammed S Bin-Shuwaish
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Laila Al Deeb
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khold Al Ahdal
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rana S Al-Hamdan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Maawadh
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahim Vohra
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tariq Abduljabbar
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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34
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Concentrated Growth Factors (CGF) Induce Osteogenic Differentiation in Human Bone Marrow Stem Cells. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9110370. [PMID: 33143015 PMCID: PMC7693660 DOI: 10.3390/biology9110370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bone regeneration is a complex process regulated by several factors that control overlapping biological processes, coordinating interactions among distinct cell populations. There is a great interest in identifying new strategies for inducing osteogenesis in a safe and efficient manner. Concentrated Growth Factor (CGF) is an autologous blood derived product obtained by centrifugation of venous blood following the procedure set on the Silfradent device. In this study the effects of CGF on osteogenic differentiation of human Bone Marrow Stem Cells (hBMSC) in vitro have been investigated; hBMSC were cultured with CGF or osteogenic medium, for 21 days. The osteogenic differentiation was evaluated measuring alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzyme activity, matrix mineralization by alizarin red staining and through mRNA and protein quantification of osteogenic differentiation markers by Real-time PCR and Western blotting, respectively. The treatment with CGF stimulated ALP activity and promoted matrix mineralization compared to control and seems to be more effective than osteogenic medium. Also, hBMSC lost mesenchymal markers and showed other osteogenic features. Our study showed for the first time that CGF alone is able to induce osteogenic differentiation in hBMSC. The application of CGF on hBMSC osteoinduction might offer new clinical and biotechnological strategies in the tissue regeneration field.
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Chen J, Wan Y, Lin Y, Jiang H. Considerations for Clinical Use of Concentrated Growth Factor in Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine. J Craniofac Surg 2020; 32:1316-1321. [PMID: 33055562 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000007182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Different strategies have been utilized to facilitate mineralized/soft tissues. Concentrated growth factor (CGF) emerges as a promising biomaterial for regenerative therapy due to high levels of platelets, growth factors, and nucleated cells entrapped in the fibrin scaffold. This review aimed to collect extensive studies on CGF used in maxillofacial regenerative medicine, discussing current obstacles, and expressing some considerations of CGF use. Articles were retrieved systematically without time limitation. In total, 27 human studies were included and separated accordingly. In general, CGF has been most evaluated in implant related therapy and maxillofacial bone regeneration where a majority of articles have revealed favorable outcomes. Little studies have supported the effects on improving probing periodontal depth reductions and clinical attachment level gains for intrabony and furcation defect regeneration. Very little data with high-level evidence was available directly to investigate its effects on the soft tissue regeneration and postoperative complications reduction. The evidence supporting the clinical efficacy of CGF in maxillofacial regenerative medicine is limited. Some conflicting results are worrisome. In addition, the characterization of CGF preparation protocols and CGF's components was not performed in most studies. Further studies should make a consensus on standardized end-product of CGF including characterization of protocols and optimal ratio of CGF' components. Defined algorithms and evidence-based protocols for the clinical use of CGF should be also available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Chen
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
| | - Yingying Wan
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
| | - Haiyue Jiang
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
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Ihsan IS, Karsari D, Ertanti N, Dinaryanti A, Nugraha AP, Purwati P, Sudjarwo SA, Rantam FA. The distribution pattern and growth factor level in platelet-rich fibrin incorporated skin-derived mesenchymal stem cells: An in vitro study. Vet World 2020; 13:2097-2103. [PMID: 33281342 PMCID: PMC7704299 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.2097-2103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: A skin wound in an animal must be cared for to prevent further health issues. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and skin-derived mesenchymal stem cells (SMSCs) have been reported to have potential in increasing the rate of wound healing. This study aimed to analyze the distribution patterns and levels of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), insulin-like growth factor (IGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in PRF incorporated with SMSCs. Materials and Methods: This study employed a true experiment (in vitro) design with post-test only performed in the control group alone. PRF and SMSCs were extracted from the blood and skin of 16 rabbits. SMSCs were characterized using immunocytochemistry to examine clusters of differentiation for 45, 73, 90, and 105. PRF was incorporated into the SMSCs and then divided into four groups (N=32/n=8): Group A (PRF only), Group B (PRF+SMSCs, incubated for 1 day), Group C (PRF+SMSCs, incubated for 3 days), and Group D (PRF+SMSCs, incubated for 5 days). Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the distribution pattern of SMSCs between groups. The supernatant serum (Group A) and supernatant medium culture (Group D) were collected for the measurement of PDGF, IGF, VEGF, and TGF-β using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay sandwich kit. An unpaired t-test was conducted to analyze the differences between Groups A and D (p<0.01). Results: Group D had the most morphologically visible SMSCs attached to the PRF, with elongated and pseudopodia cells. There was a significant difference between the levels of growth factor in Groups A and D (p=0.0001; p<0.01). Conclusion: SMSCs were able to adhere to and distribute evenly on the surface of PRF after 5 days of incubation. The PRF incorporated SMSCs contained high levels of PDGF, IGF, VEGF, and TGF- β, which may prove to have potential in enhancing wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igo Syaiful Ihsan
- Master Student of Vaccinology and Immunotherapeutica, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia.,Stem Cell Research and Development Center, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Deya Karsari
- Stem Cell Research and Development Center, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Nora Ertanti
- Stem Cell Research and Development Center, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Aristika Dinaryanti
- Stem Cell Research and Development Center, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Alexander Patera Nugraha
- Doctoral Student of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Purwati Purwati
- Stem Cell Research and Development Center, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia.,Department of Health, Vocational Faculty, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Sri Agus Sudjarwo
- Department of Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Fedik Abdul Rantam
- Stem Cell Research and Development Center, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia.,Department of Microbiology, Virology Laboratory, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Tan PC, Zhang PQ, Xie Y, Gao YM, Li QF, Zhou SB, Liu Q, Liu K. Autologous Concentrated Growth Factors Combined with Topical Minoxidil for the Treatment of Male Androgenetic Alopecia: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Facial Plast Surg Aesthet Med 2020; 23:255-262. [PMID: 32833539 DOI: 10.1089/fpsam.2020.0288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Minoxidil (MXD) is an U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved drug for the topical treatment of androgenetic alopecia (AGA) with minor side effects, but its hair growth (HG) effect is unsatisfactory. Methods: A double-blinded within-subjects randomized clinical trial was conducted on 16 male AGA patients who showed limited improvement after MXD treatment. Eligible participants received three concentrated growth factor (CGF) injections on half of the scalp and the placebo on the other side at 4-week intervals, and MXD was applied twice daily on both sides throughout the follow-up period. The primary endpoint was the HG ratio at V4. The secondary endpoints included the HG ratios at V2, V3, and V5; hair density and T/V ratio at V2, V3, V4, and V5; Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS) scores at V4 and V5; and participant satisfaction at V4. Results: Each group included 16 subjects; each half of the scalp was randomly assigned to the MXD+CGF or MXD group. The HG ratio at V4 was higher in the MXD+CGF group than in the MXD group. The MXD+CGF group had significant improvements in hair density, HG ratio, and T/V ratio compared with the MXD group over the follow-up period. The GAIS scores and participant satisfaction were higher in the MXD+CGF group than in the MXD group. Unexpectedly, the MXD+CGF treatment hastened HG, which was sustained for 3 months after discontinuation. No severe adverse events occurred. Conclusions: The combined treatment of MXD and CGF is safe and more efficient for AGA patients. Combining CGF can expedite the potency of MXD and provide patients with fast and lasting HG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poh-Ching Tan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Pei-Qi Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yun Xie
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Ming Gao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Feng Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Shuang-Bai Zhou
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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Kamal A, Salman B, Razak NHA, Samsudin ABR. A Comparative Clinical Study between Concentrated Growth Factor and Low-Level Laser Therapy in the Management of Dry Socket. Eur J Dent 2020; 14:613-620. [PMID: 32777838 PMCID: PMC7535966 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1714765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A dry socket is a well-recognized complication of wound healing following tooth extraction. Its etiology is poorly understood and commonly occur among healthy patients. As such, management strategies for dry socket has always been empirical rather than scientific with varying outcome. The aim of this study is to investigate the efficacy of concentrated growth factor (CGF) and low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and compared them to the conventional treatment in the management of dry socket. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty patients with one dry socket each, at University Dental Hospital Sharjah, were divided into three treatment groups based on their choice. In group I (n = 30), conventional treatment comprising of gentle socket curettage and saline irrigation was done. Group II (n = 15) dry sockets were treated with CGF and group III (n = 15) sockets were lased with LLLT. All dry socket patients were seen at day 0 for treatment and subsequently followed-up at 4, 7, 14, and 21 days. Pain score, perisocket inflammation, perisocket tenderness, and amount of granulation tissue formation were noted. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Data were analyzed as mean values for each treatment group. Comparisons were made for statistical analysis within the group and among the three groups to rank the efficacy of treatment using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Statistically significant difference is kept at p < 0.05. RESULTS Conventional treatment group I took more than 7 days to match the healing phase of group II CGF treated socket and group III LLLT irradiated socket (p = 0.001). When healing rate between CGF and LLLT are compared, LLLT group III showed a delay of 4 days compared with CGF in granulation tissue formation and pain control. CONCLUSION CGF treated socket was superior to LLLT in its ability to generate 75% granulation tissue and eliminate pain symptom by day 7 (p = 0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqsa Kamal
- College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, UAE.,School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia
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Thanasrisuebwong P, Kiattavorncharoen S, Surarit R, Phruksaniyom C, Ruangsawasdi N. Red and Yellow Injectable Platelet-Rich Fibrin Demonstrated Differential Effects on Periodontal Ligament Stem Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Osteogenic Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21145153. [PMID: 32708242 PMCID: PMC7404021 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The biological benefits of using two fractions derived from injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF) in bone regeneration remain unclear. Thus, the current study examined two fractionation protocols producing yellow i-PRF and red i-PRF on periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs). The i-PRF samples from five donors were harvested from two different levels, with and without a buffy coat layer, to obtain red and yellow i-PRF, respectively. The PDLSCs were isolated and characterized before their experimental use. The culture medium in each assay was loaded with 20% of the conditioned medium containing the factors released from the red and yellow i-PRF. Cell proliferation and cell migration were determined with an MTT and trans-well assay, respectively. Osteogenic differentiation was investigated using alkaline phosphatase and Alizarin red staining. The efficiency of both i-PRFs was statistically compared. We found that the factors released from the red i-PRF had a greater effect on cell proliferation and cell migration. Moreover, the factors released from the yellow i-PRF stimulated PDLSC osteogenic differentiation earlier compared with the red i-PRF. These data suggest that the red i-PRF might be suitable for using in bone regeneration because it induced the mobilization and growth of bone regenerative cells without inducing premature mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakan Thanasrisuebwong
- Dental Implant Center, Dental Hospital, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Sirichai Kiattavorncharoen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Rudee Surarit
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Chareerut Phruksaniyom
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Nisarat Ruangsawasdi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
- Correspondence:
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The Efficacy of Concentrated Growth Factor in the Healing of Alveolar Osteitis: A Clinical Study. Int J Dent 2020; 2020:9038629. [PMID: 32454827 PMCID: PMC7240629 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9038629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A dry socket also referred to as alveolar osteitis (AO) is a common postoperative complication following tooth extraction, due to the disruption of the clot within the wound. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of concentrated growth factor (CGF) in the healing of alveolar osteitis following tooth extraction. Methods The study was conducted at University Dental Hospital Sharjah, UAE. Patients undergoing tooth extraction at the oral surgery clinic were advised to return immediately if they suffer from pain. Over the following first week after tooth extraction, patients who reported pain symptoms were recalled and all dry sockets were identified. The patients were divided into two groups. Group I patients received conventional treatment with socket curettage and saline irrigation only, while in group II CGF was inserted into the socket. Both groups were observed for pain score and quantification of granulation tissue formation. Results A total of 40 dry socket patients, aged between 18 and 60 years, from a total of 1,250 patients, were included in the study. 30 patients were given conventional treatment while another 10 patients were given CGF. Patients who received CGF had a pain score of 7-10 at presentation, and the pain score dropped to 0-3 on day 4 and further improved to 0-1 on day 7 (p = 0.001). Granulation tissue formation appeared in the conventional group I on day 7 while the CGF group II showed earlier granulation tissue formation by day 4 (p = 0.001). The posttreatment pain score is inversely proportional to the amount and rate of granulation tissue formation in the socket. Conclusion The study suggests that delivery of CGF into a dry socket helps relieve pain and expedite the wound healing process as shown by a statistically much lower pain score and earlier and more rapid formation of granulation tissue when compared to the conventional alveolar osteitis therapy.
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Aghamohamadi Z, Kadkhodazadeh M, Torshabi M, Tabatabaei F. A compound of concentrated growth factor and periodontal ligament stem cell-derived conditioned medium. Tissue Cell 2020; 65:101373. [PMID: 32746991 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2020.101373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the in vitro effect of a compound of concentrated growth factor (CGF) and periodontal ligament stem cell-derived conditioned medium (PDLSCs-CM) as a potential product for future applications in periodontal tissue regeneration. Isolated PDLSCs were characterized using flow cytometry and differentiation into osteoblasts and adipocytes cells. PDLSCs-CM and CGF were prepared and lyophilized. To determine the optimal concentration of the CGF-CM compound, the proliferation of PDLSCs after exposure to a wide range of different concentrations of CGF, CM, or their combination (CGF + CM) was investigated by methyl thiazol tetrazolium assay. Successful isolation of PDLSCs was confirmed by high expression of mesenchymal surface markers and differentiation into osteoblasts and adipocytes. PDLSCs showed higher proliferation in the 6.25 mg/mL concentration of CM and 94 μg/mL concentration of CGF. High concentrations of CGF and CM markedly inhibited the proliferation of PDLCs (p < 0.05). The exposure of PDLSCs to the compound of 10% CM + 90% CGF significantly increased the cell proliferation (p < 0.05). The results showed that CGF, CM, or their combination exert a proliferative effect on cells at a certain concentration. Further investigation on the synergistic effect of this compound may approve its application for periodontal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Aghamohamadi
- Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Kadkhodazadeh
- Periodontics Department, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Torshabi
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - F Tabatabaei
- Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
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Chen J, Jiang H. Clinical Application of Concentrated Growth Factor Fibrin Combined With Bone Repair Materials in Jaw Defects. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 78:1041. [PMID: 32360234 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2020.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Lee MN, Song JH, Oh SH, Tham NT, Kim JW, Yang JW, Kim ES, Koh JT. The primary cilium directs osteopontin-induced migration of mesenchymal stem cells by regulating CD44 signaling and Cdc42 activation. Stem Cell Res 2020; 45:101799. [PMID: 32339903 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2020.101799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary cilium acts as a sensory organelle with diverse receptors and ion channels to detect extracellular cues and regulate cellular functions, including cell migration. The migration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to bone remodeling sites is important for bone homeostasis. Recently, we have suggested that osteopontin (OPN) is a significant chemoattractant in MSC migration to bone remodeling sites. The objective of this study was to determine whether the primary cilium acts as a chemoattractant sensory unit to detect OPN cues and control MSC migration. We found that the loss of primary cilium induced by silencing of IFT88 reduced OPN-induced migration of MSCs. The effect of IFT88 silencing on cellular attachment, spreading, and proliferation was negligible. The loss of primary cilium did not affect the level of integrinβ1 or CD44, two known receptors for OPN. Interestingly, CD44 was localized to the primary cilium by OPN stimulus. Knockdown of IFT88 or CD44 dysregulated OPN-induced signaling activation and abolished OPN-induced Cdc42 activation. Our findings suggest that the primary cilium acts as a chemoattractant sensor for OPN to regulate MSC migration by controlling not only CD44-mediated OPN signaling, but also Cdc42-mediated actin cytoskeleton rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Nam Lee
- Hard-tissue Biointerface Research Center, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ju Han Song
- Hard-tissue Biointerface Research Center, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Sin-Hye Oh
- Hard-tissue Biointerface Research Center, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Nguyen Thi Tham
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jung-Woo Kim
- Hard-tissue Biointerface Research Center, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Yang
- Hard-tissue Biointerface Research Center, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Eung-Sam Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jeong-Tae Koh
- Hard-tissue Biointerface Research Center, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea.
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Tabatabaei F, Aghamohammadi Z, Tayebi L. In vitro and in vivo effects of concentrated growth factor on cells and tissues. J Biomed Mater Res A 2020; 108:1338-1350. [PMID: 32090458 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews the biological outcome of the concentrated growth factor (CGF), a new platelet derivative used for tissue regeneration, in published articles related to the use of this product in basic and clinical studies. An electronic literature research using PubMed and SCOPUS was performed using combination of keywords: "concentrated growth factor" (OR "CGF"), AND "stem cells," AND "cells" OR "cell proliferation" OR "cell migration" OR "cell differentiation," AND "repair" OR "survival" OR "revitalization," AND "tissue" OR "bone." Forty-five articles that were published between 2012 and 2020 met the inclusion criteria. These studies have used CGF as fresh solid form, freeze-dried, membrane, extract, or exudate. Most studies demonstrate the positive effects of CGF in a dose-dependent manner under certain concentrations. Studies comparing CGF with other platelet concentrates, report lower efficiency, no statistically significant differences, or better results for CGF. Combination of CGF with stem cells and biomaterials significantly improves bone regeneration and the effect of allograft or collagen membrane is better than CGF alone. For a better examination of the biological outcomes of CGF, the standardization of CGF preparation regarding the choice of the test tube material for blood collection, the required volume of blood, the necessary count of platelets in CGF, and the most appropriate type of CGF are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Tabatabaei
- Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,School of Dentistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Zahra Aghamohammadi
- Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Lobat Tayebi
- School of Dentistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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Fang D, Long Z, Hou J. Clinical Application of Concentrated Growth Factor Fibrin Combined With Bone Repair Materials in Jaw Defects. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 78:882-892. [PMID: 32145205 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2020.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated the promoting effect of concentrated growth factor (CGF) fibrin on the repair of jaw bone defects. PATIENTS AND METHODS We designed a clinical trial composed of patients with jaw defects. Forty patients were divided into the test and control groups. CGF fibrin combined with Bio-Oss bone powder (Giestlich Pharma, Wolhusen, Switzerland) was used in the test group. Bio-Oss bone powder alone was used in the control group. The concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β in the red blood cell (RBC) layer and CGF gel was measured. At different time points before and after surgery, the serum bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP), osteocalcin, and bone mineral density levels were measured. Regular examinations and computed tomography scans were also performed in the follow-up period. RESULTS The CGF fibrin available for clinical use was obtained by centrifugation. One day after preparation by centrifugation, the VEGF and TGF-β concentration in the CGF gel was 2.57-fold and 3.4-fold greater than the concentration in the RBC layer, respectively. The BAP and osteocalcin levels increased at 1 and 12 weeks postoperatively in both groups. Furthermore, the BAP and osteocalcin levels in the test group were significantly greater than those in the control group at 1 and 12 weeks postoperatively (P < .05 for all). The bone mineral density in the bone defect area of the test group was also significantly greater than that of the control group at 6 months postoperatively (P < .05). Evaluation of the regular radiographic scans revealed that the effects in the test group were better than those in the control group. CONCLUSIONS CGF fibrin could promote new bone formation in jaw defects, with benefit to the healing of bone tissue and, thus, is a promising bone repair material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Fang
- Associate Chief Doctor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Zhangbiao Long
- Attending Doctor, Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jun Hou
- Chief Doctor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Dang W, Ma B, Li B, Huan Z, Ma N, Zhu H, Chang J, Xiao Y, Wu C. 3D printing of metal-organic framework nanosheets-structured scaffolds with tumor therapy and bone construction. Biofabrication 2020; 12:025005. [PMID: 31756727 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ab5ae3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
After surgical resection for a bone tumor, the uncleared bone tumor cells can multiply and cause recurrence of the bone tumor. It is worthwhile to design a scaffold that kills the remaining bone tumor cells and repairs bone defects that were given rise to by surgical resection. Additionally, it is extremely important to consider the function of angiogenesis in the process of bone regeneration because the newly formed blood vessels can offer the nutrients for bone regeneration. In this work, a novel metal-organic framework Cu-TCPP nanosheets interface-structured β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) (Cu-TCPP-TCP) scaffold was successfully prepared through integrating a 3D-printing technique with an in-situ growth method in a solvothermal system. Owing to the excellent photothermal effect of Cu-TCPP nanosheets, Cu-TCPP-TCP scaffolds that were illuminated by near-infrared (NIR) light demonstrated photothermal performance, which was well regulated through varying the contents of Cu-TCPP nanosheets, and the ambient humidity and power density of NIR light. When cultured with osteosarcoma cells, Cu-TCPP-TCP scaffolds killed a significant quantity of osteosarcoma cells through released heat energy after exposure to NIR light with power density 1.0 W cm-2 and duration 10 min. Similarly, Cu-TCPP-TCP scaffolds ablated subcutaneous bone tumor tissues on the backs of naked mice and suppressed their growth because of the heat energy transformed from NIR light. I n-vitro studies found that Cu-TCPP-TCP scaffolds ably supported the attachments of both human bone marrow stromal cells (HBMSCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and significantly stimulated expressions of osteogenesis differentiation-related genes in HBMSCs and angiogenesis differentiation-related genes in HUVECs. After implanting Cu-TCPP-TCP scaffolds into the bone defects of rabbits, they effectively promoted bone regeneration. Thus, the integration of the bone-forming bioactivity of TCP scaffolds with the photothermal properties of Cu-TCPP nanosheets and angiogenesis activity of Cu ions makes Cu-TCPP-TCP scaffolds multifunctional, representing a new horizon to develop biomaterials for simultaneously curing bone tumors and repairing bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Dang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, People's Republic of China. Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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Tian S, Wang J, Dong F, Du N, Li W, Song P, Liu Y. Concentrated Growth Factor Promotes Dental Pulp Cells Proliferation and Mineralization and Facilitates Recovery of Dental Pulp Tissue. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:10016-10028. [PMID: 31877561 PMCID: PMC6944166 DOI: 10.12659/msm.919316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dental pulp cells (DPCs) play vital roles in the recovery of dental pulp tissue. Concentrated growth factor (CGF) can promote proliferation and mineralization of various cells. However, the functions of CGF on DPCs and dental pulp tissue are unclear. The object of our study was to identify the roles of CGF in DPCs proliferation and mineralization in vitro and to assess the effects of CGF on direct pulp capping in vivo. Material/Methods We performed CCK-8 and Transwell assay to detect proliferation and migration activity of DPCs. Alizarin Red staining was performed to examine mineralized nodules. Alkaline phosphatase activity test was used to measure the mineralization capacity of DPCs. We assessed the odontogenic differentiation gene expression level by Western blot and qPCR. The effect of CGF on direct pulp capping in vivo were evaluated by radiography and histopathology. Results CGF increased the number of proliferative and migratory DPCs. CGF enhanced DPCs mineralized nodules and improved the gene expression levels of DSPP, DMP-1, BSP, and ALP. CGF upregulated the protein levels of ALP, BMP2, SMAD5, Runx2, and p-Smad, and the effect could be partially reversed by Noggin. CGF promoted pulp recovery and kept its vitality in directly pulp capping. Conclusions CGF promotes DPCs proliferation and mineralization. It regulates the mineralization of DPCs via the BMP2/SMAD5/Runx2 signaling pathway. CGF can be used as the effective graft for direct pulp capping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songbo Tian
- Department of Oral Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Oral Pathology, College of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Fusheng Dong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Nan Du
- Department of Oral Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Wenjing Li
- Department of Oral Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Peng Song
- Department of Oral Pathology, College of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Yanping Liu
- Physical Examination Center, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
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Depth-Dependent Cellular Response from Dental Bulk-Fill Resins in Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:1251536. [PMID: 31772585 PMCID: PMC6854224 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1251536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The proper choice of dental composite resins is necessary based on the minimal cytotoxicity and antiodontogenesis on human dental pulp stem cells for dental pulp-dentin tissue repair and regeneration. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity and antidifferentiation effects of dental bulk-fill resins, able to be polymerized as a bulk status for filling deep cavity of a tooth by single light curing, against human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) from three compartments corresponding to depth (0-2, 2-4, and 4-6 mm) from the light-curing site. Three bulk-fill composite resins (SDR, Venus bulk-fill (VBF), and Beautifil Bulk Flowable (BBF)) and a conventional flowable composite resin (Filtek Z350 XT flowable restorative (ZFF)) were individually filled into a cylindrical hole (h = 2 mm, Ф = 10 mm), and three compartments (total ~6 mm of height) were combined as a single assembly for light curing. The resin samples from the three layers were separated and eluted in the culture medium. The extracts were exposed to hDPSCs, and cytotoxicity and differentiation capability were evaluated. Depth of cure and surface hardness according to depth were determined. All bulk-fill resins except BBF revealed cytotoxicity from 4 to 6 or 2 to 4 mm, while ZFF was cytotoxic at over 2 mm. Depth of cure was detected from 3.55 to 4.02 mm in the bulk-fill resins (vs. ~2.25 mm in conventional resin), and 80% hardness compared with that of a fully polymerized top surface was determined from 4.2 to 6 mm in the bulk-fill resin (vs. 2.4 mm in conventional resin). Antidifferentiation was revealed at a depth of 4-6 mm in the bulk-fill resin. There was a difference in depth of cytotoxicity and antidifferentiation between the bulk-fill composite resins, which was mainly due to different cure depths and ingredients. Therefore, careful consideration of choice of bulk-fill resins is necessary especially for restoration of deep cavities for maintaining the viability and differentiation ability of dental pulp stem cells.
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Mandakhbayar N, El-Fiqi A, Lee JH, Kim HW. Evaluation of Strontium-Doped Nanobioactive Glass Cement for Dentin–Pulp Complex Regeneration Therapy. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:6117-6126. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nandin Mandakhbayar
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, South Korea
| | - Ahmed El-Fiqi
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, South Korea
- Glass Research Department, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Jung-Hwan Lee
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, South Korea
- Glass Research Department, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt
- Department of Biomaterials Science, School of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, South Korea
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, South Korea
- Department of Biomaterials Science, School of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, South Korea
- UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
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Performance of a glucose-reactive enzyme-based biofuel cell system for biomedical applications. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10872. [PMID: 31350441 PMCID: PMC6659637 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47392-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A glucose-reactive enzyme-based biofuel cell system (EBFC) was recently introduced in the scientific community for biomedical applications, such as implantable artificial organs and biosensors for drug delivery. Upon direct contact with tissues or organs, an implanted EBFC can exert effects that damage or stimulate intact tissue due to its byproducts or generated electrical cues, which have not been investigated in detail. Here, we perform a fundamental cell culture study using a glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) as an anode enzyme and bilirubin oxidase (BOD) as a cathode enzyme. The fabricated EBFC had power densities of 15.26 to 38.33 nW/cm2 depending on the enzyme concentration in media supplemented with 25 mM glucose. Despite the low power density, the GDH-based EBFC showed increases in cell viability (~150%) and cell migration (~90%) with a relatively low inflammatory response. However, glucose oxidase (GOD), which has been used as an EBFC anode enzyme, revealed extreme cytotoxicity (~10%) due to the lethal concentration of H2O2 byproducts (~1500 µM). Therefore, with its cytocompatibility and cell-stimulating effects, the GDH-based EBFC is considered a promising implantable tool for generating electricity for biomedical applications. Finally, the GDH-based EBFC can be used for introducing electricity during cell culture and the fabrication of organs on a chip and a power source for implantable devices such as biosensors, biopatches, and artificial organs.
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