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Liang Y, Chen Q, Chang Y, Han J, Yan J, Chen Z, Zhou J. Critical role of FGF21 in diabetic kidney disease: from energy metabolism to innate immunity. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1333429. [PMID: 38312833 PMCID: PMC10834771 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1333429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) stands as the predominant cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) on a global scale, with its incidence witnessing a consistent annual rise, thereby imposing a substantial burden on public health. The pathogenesis of DKD is primarily rooted in metabolic disorders and inflammation. Recent years have seen a surge in studies highlighting the regulatory impact of energy metabolism on innate immunity, forging a significant area of research interest. Within this context, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), recognized as an energy metabolism regulator, assumes a pivotal role. Beyond its role in maintaining glucose and lipid metabolism homeostasis, FGF21 exerts regulatory influence on innate immunity, concurrently inhibiting inflammation and fibrosis. Serving as a nexus between energy metabolism and innate immunity, FGF21 has evolved into a therapeutic target for diabetes, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and cardiovascular diseases. While the relationship between FGF21 and DKD has garnered increased attention in recent studies, a comprehensive exploration of this association has yet to be systematically addressed. This paper seeks to fill this gap by summarizing the mechanisms through which FGF21 operates in DKD, encompassing facets of energy metabolism and innate immunity. Additionally, we aim to assess the diagnostic and prognostic value of FGF21 in DKD and explore its potential role as a treatment modality for the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingnan Liang
- Department of Nephrology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Chang
- Department of Nephrology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Junsong Han
- Department of Nephrology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxin Yan
- Department of Nephrology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenjie Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jingwei Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Deng J, Liu Y, Liu Y, Li W, Nie X. The Multiple Roles of Fibroblast Growth Factor in Diabetic Nephropathy. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:5273-5290. [PMID: 34703268 PMCID: PMC8524061 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s334996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common microvascular complication in the late stages of diabetes. Currently, the etiology and pathogenesis of DN are not well understood. Even so, available evidence shows its development is associated with metabolism, oxidative stress, cytokine interaction, genetic factors, and renal microvascular disease. Diabetic nephropathy can lead to proteinuria, edema and hypertension, among other complications. In severe cases, it can cause life-threatening complications such as renal failure. Patients with type 1 diabetes, hypertension, high protein intake, and smokers have a higher risk of developing DN. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) regulates several human processes essential for normal development. Even though FGF has been implicated in the pathological development of DN, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. This review summarizes the role of FGF in the development of DN. Moreover, the association of FGF with metabolism, inflammation, oxidative stress and fibrosis in the context of DN is discussed. Findings of this review are expected to deepen our understanding of DN and generate ideas for developing effective prevention and treatments for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Deng
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiqiu Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, People's Republic of China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Chinese Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuqiang Nie
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, People's Republic of China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Chinese Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
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Zhou X, Zhang Y, Wang N. Regulation and Potential Biological Role of Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 in Chronic Kidney Disease. Front Physiol 2021; 12:764503. [PMID: 34675822 PMCID: PMC8525706 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.764503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an incurable progressive disease with the progressive impairment of kidney function, which can accelerate the progression of cardiovascular disease, increase the risk of infection, and lead to related complications such as anemia and bone disease. CKD is to a great extent preventable and treatable, and it is particularly important to improve the early diagnosis, strengthen the research underlying the mechanism of disease occurrence and development, and innovate new intervention measures. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) belongs to one of members of endocrine FGF subfamily with evolutionarily conserved functions and performs a vital role in the regulation of energy balance and adipose metabolism. FGF21 needs to rely on β-Klotho protein to specifically bind to FGF receptor (FGFR), which activates the FGF21 signaling exerting the biological function. FGF21 is deemed as an important regulatory factor extensively modulating many cellular functions under physiologic and pathologic conditions. Although the metabolic effect of FGF21 has been extensively studied, its potential biological role in the kidney has not been generally investigated. In this review, we summarize the biological characteristics, regulation and biological function of FGF21 based on the current studies, and briefly discuss the potential relationship with chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Tianjin Haihe Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuefeng Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Tianjin Haihe Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
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