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Dichiara M, Simpson QJ, Quotadamo A, Jalani HB, Huang AX, Millard CC, Klug DM, Tse EG, Todd MH, Silva DG, da Silva Emery F, Carlson JE, Zheng SL, Vleminckx M, Matheeussen A, Caljon G, Pollastri MP, Sjö P, Perry B, Ferrins L. Structure-Property Optimization of a Series of Imidazopyridines for Visceral Leishmaniasis. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:1470-1487. [PMID: 37417544 PMCID: PMC10425983 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a collection of diseases caused by more than 20 Leishmania parasite species that manifest as either visceral, cutaneous, or mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. Despite the significant mortality and morbidity associated with leishmaniasis, it remains a neglected tropical disease. Existing treatments have variable efficacy, significant toxicity, rising resistance, and limited oral bioavailability, which necessitates the development of novel and affordable therapeutics. Here, we report on the continued optimization of a series of imidazopyridines for visceral leishmaniasis and a scaffold hop to a series of substituted 2-(pyridin-2-yl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]imidazoles with improved absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dichiara
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern
University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Quillon J. Simpson
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern
University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Antonio Quotadamo
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern
University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Hitesh B. Jalani
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern
University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Anson X. Huang
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern
University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Caroline C. Millard
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern
University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Dana M. Klug
- School
of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, U.K.
| | - Edwin G. Tse
- School
of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, U.K.
| | - Matthew H. Todd
- School
of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, U.K.
| | - Daniel Gedder Silva
- School
of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, U.K.
- School of
Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Flavio da Silva Emery
- School of
Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-903, Brazil
| | - J. Eric Carlson
- Rilas
Technologies, Inc, 150-W
New Boston Street, Woburn, Massachusetts 01801, United States
| | - Shao-Liang Zheng
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard
University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Margot Vleminckx
- Laboratory
of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - An Matheeussen
- Laboratory
of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Guy Caljon
- Laboratory
of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Michael P. Pollastri
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern
University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Peter Sjö
- Drugs
for Neglected Diseases Initiative, 15 Chemin Camille Vidart, Geneva 1202, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Perry
- Drugs
for Neglected Diseases Initiative, 15 Chemin Camille Vidart, Geneva 1202, Switzerland
| | - Lori Ferrins
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern
University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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Nikolić-Kokić A, Tatalović N, Nestorov J, Mijović M, Mijusković A, Miler M, Oreščanin-Dušić Z, Nikolić M, Milošević V, Blagojević D, Spasić M, Miljević Č. Clozapine, ziprasidone, and sertindole-induced morphological changes in the rat heart and their relationship to antioxidant enzymes function. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2018; 81:844-853. [PMID: 30036154 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2018.1495587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Atypical antipsychotics produce severe side effects including myocarditis that may be attributed to oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of clozapine, ziprasidone, and sertindole on rat heart morphology and determine whether redox imbalane plays a role in development of histopathological changes. Adult 3-month-old male Wistar rats were treated with recommended daily dose for selected drugs. After 4 week treatment histopathological analysis of the heart was performed and expression and activity of antioxidant enzymes determined. All examined drugs induced histopathological changes that were characterized as toxic myocarditis. Degenerative changes in cardiomyocytes were accompanied by lymphocytic infiltration as well as pericardial histopathological alterations in all treated groups. The least prominent changes were observed in sertindole-treated animals, and most severe with clozapine. Clozapine increased superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) activity while ziprasidone reduced glutathione reductase (GR) activity. Sertindole exerted no marked effect on antioxidant enzyme function in the heart even though myocardial degeneration was noted. In conclusion, treatment with clozapine or ziprasidone induced pathophysiological alterations in rat heart, which appeared to be associated disturbances in antioxidant capacity. Abbreviation: AAP, Atypical antipsychotics; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SOD1, Copper-zinc superoxide dismutase; SOD2, Manganese superoxide dismutase; CAT, Catalase; GPx, Glutathione peroxidase; GR, Glutathione reductase; H&E, hematoxylin and eosin stain; TNF- α, tumor necrosis factor alpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Nikolić-Kokić
- a Department of Physiology , Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Nikola Tatalović
- a Department of Physiology , Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Jelena Nestorov
- b Department of Biochemistry , Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Milica Mijović
- c Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Priština , Kosovska Mitrovica , Serbia
| | - Ana Mijusković
- a Department of Physiology , Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Marko Miler
- d Department of Cytology , Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Zorana Oreščanin-Dušić
- a Department of Physiology , Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Milan Nikolić
- e Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry , University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Verica Milošević
- d Department of Cytology , Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Duško Blagojević
- a Department of Physiology , Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Mihajlo Spasić
- a Department of Physiology , Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Čedo Miljević
- f Institute of Mental Health, School of Medicine , University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
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Suárez-León AA, Varon C, Willems R, Van Huffel S, Vázquez-Seisdedos CR. T-wave end detection using neural networks and Support Vector Machines. Comput Biol Med 2018; 96:116-127. [PMID: 29567483 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2018.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE In this paper we propose a new approach for detecting the end of the T-wave in the electrocardiogram (ECG) using Neural Networks and Support Vector Machines. METHODS Both, Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) neural networks and Fixed-Size Least-Squares Support Vector Machines (FS-LSSVM) were used as regression algorithms to determine the end of the T-wave. Different strategies for selecting the training set such as random selection, k-means, robust clustering and maximum quadratic (Rényi) entropy were evaluated. Individual parameters were tuned for each method during training and the results are given for the evaluation set. A comparison between MLP and FS-LSSVM approaches was performed. Finally, a fair comparison of the FS-LSSVM method with other state-of-the-art algorithms for detecting the end of the T-wave was included. RESULTS The experimental results show that FS-LSSVM approaches are more suitable as regression algorithms than MLP neural networks. Despite the small training sets used, the FS-LSSVM methods outperformed the state-of-the-art techniques. CONCLUSION FS-LSSVM can be successfully used as a T-wave end detection algorithm in ECG even with small training set sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Alexeis Suárez-León
- Universidad de Oriente, Faculty of Telecommunications, Informatics and Biomedical Engineering, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba; KU Leuven, Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT), STADIUS Center for Dynamical Systems, Signal Processing and Data Analytics, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Carolina Varon
- KU Leuven, Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT), STADIUS Center for Dynamical Systems, Signal Processing and Data Analytics, Leuven, Belgium; Imec, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Rik Willems
- KU Leuven, Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT), STADIUS Center for Dynamical Systems, Signal Processing and Data Analytics, Leuven, Belgium; UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Sabine Van Huffel
- KU Leuven, Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT), STADIUS Center for Dynamical Systems, Signal Processing and Data Analytics, Leuven, Belgium; Imec, Leuven, Belgium.
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Polcwiartek C, Kragholm K, Schjerning O, Graff C, Nielsen J. Cardiovascular safety of antipsychotics: a clinical overview. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2016; 15:679-88. [DOI: 10.1517/14740338.2016.1161021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoffer Polcwiartek
- Department of Psychiatry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Kristian Kragholm
- Department of Psychiatry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Ole Schjerning
- Department of Psychiatry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Claus Graff
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jimmi Nielsen
- Department of Psychiatry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Abstract
The unexpected and catastrophic cardiovascular effects of psychotropic drugs are well described albeit uncommon. The list of drugs which have been associated with prolonging QT interval and hence potentially causing Torsades de pointes is exhaustive. The insight into the plausible mechanisms are largely unclear. However, the practical implications of anticipating and recognizing QT prolongation cannot be overemphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagaraj Desai
- Department of Cardiology and Head, Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, JSS Medical College and Hospital, JSS University, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Shambu Sunil Kumar
- Department of Cardiology, JSS Medical College and Hospital, JSS University, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
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