Methylphenidate-induced spontaneous ejaculation

Spontaneous Ejaculation: A Focused Review for the Clinicians

INTRODUCTION

The process of ejaculation has important meanings not only for its association with orgasm but also for the timing to ejaculate in the context of sexual activity. Spontaneous (involuntary) ejaculation (SE) without any sexual stimulation is a distressing symptom. Our understanding of SE is limited. Unfortunately, many physicians are not aware of these cases.

OBJECTIVES

The objective of this study is to describe the etiopathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment options for SE.

METHODS

We searched the literature for publications on "SE," "spontaneous emission" or "involuntary ejaculation," and factors influencing SE in the PUBMED/MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PsycINFO, ProQuest, Academic Search Complete database, Google Scholar, and CINAHL databases from inception to August 2020.

RESULTS

The literature search yielded 36 relevant publications reporting on 43 patients with SE. Attempts to explain the cause of pathologic SE have included 4 etiological groups (spinal cord lesions, psychological causes, rabies, and drug-induced). The underlying mechanisms responsible for induction of SE may include increased adrenergic activity, overactivity in dopaminergic system, decreased serotonergic activity, damage of descending inhibitory pathway, or penile hyperexcitability. SE may occur in the absence of an identifiable trigger or may be triggered by non-sexual circumstances (micturition, defecation, glans touch, anxiety, panic attack, or school examinations). Treatment options include psychoanalytic treatment, paroxetine, citalopram, sertraline, silodosin, and anxiolytics. In drug-induced SE, dose reduction and drug withdrawal with or without switching to another drug may relief SE.

CONCLUSIONS

SE is one of the least reported ejaculatory dysfunction. The key feature shared in common by these men is SE without any sexual thoughts or fantasies, may be triggered by non-sexual contexts, rarely associated with orgasm or erection. Treatment by psychoanalytic treatment and pharmacotherapy may be helpful. Further research might explore the definite underlying mechanisms. Abdel-Hamid IA, Ali OI. Spontaneous Ejaculation: A Focused Review for the Clinicians. Sex Med Rev 2021;9:406-422.

Sexual Function, Sexual Dysfunctions, and ADHD: A Systematic Literature Review

BACKGROUND

The scientific literature on sexuality among mentally ill patients clearly shows a higher prevalence of sexual disorders for many mental disorders, but little is known about sexuality in individuals suffering from ADHD. Clinicians will often assume that specific difficulties of ADHD are bound to affect sexual functioning.

AIM

The aim of this study was to provide a review of the literature to gain better knowledge about sexuality in subjects with ADHD and to discuss screening and management of their potential sexual problems.

METHODS

A systematic review of the literature was performed in Pubmed, PsychInfo, and Embase databases.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES

The main outcome measures were sexual function and sexual dysfunctions.

RESULTS

The studies indicated that subjects with ADHD report more sexual desire, more masturbation frequency, less sexual satisfaction, and more sexual dysfunctions than the general population.

CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS

Clinicians working with subjects with ADHD should explore the quality of their sexual life.

STRENGTHS & LIMITATIONS

This is the first systematic review of the sexuality of individuals with ADHD. However, the results are limited by the small number of studies, by the small sample size of many studies, and the potential for bias.

CONCLUSIONS

ADHD is a mental disorder affecting sexual health. Further studies are warranted to learn more about sexuality in subjects with ADHD. Soldati L, Bianchi-Demicheli F, Schockaert P, et al. Sexual Function, Sexual Dysfunctions, and ADHD: A Systematic Literature Review. J Sex Med 2020;17:1653-1664.

Spontaneous Ejaculations in an Adolescent With Olanzapine Use: Case Report

Olanzapine (OLZ) is a second-generation atypical antipsychotic (AAP) frequently used in acute and maintenance treatment of children and adolescents with psychotic disorders. Most commonly reported sexual problems caused by AAPs are decreases in libido or arousal, erectile dysfunctions, reduced/abnormal ejaculations, and problems in achieving or maintaining orgasm. Olanzapine is less commonly implicated for those adverse effects, which may reflect its more selective affinity to dopaminergic receptors or more transient effects on prolactin levels. Sexual dysfunction with AAPs, including OLZ, is reported predominantly in adult patients and adverse sexual effects in prepubertal/peripubertal patients with psychosis received scant attention. Studies and reports of sexual adverse effects of AAPs in this special population may benefit clinicians. Therefore, in this study, we report an adolescent male patient with psychosis who developed spontaneous ejaculations with OLZ and whose complaints remitted with change in treatment.

Sexual Dysfunction Due to Psychotropic Medications

Sexual functioning is important to assess in patients with psychiatric illness as both the condition and associated treatment may contribute to sexual dysfunction (SD). Antidepressant medications, mood stabilizers, antipsychotics, and antianxiety agents may be associated with SD related to drug mechanism of action. Sexual adverse effects may be related to genetic risk factors, impact on neurotransmitters and hormones, and psychological elements. Effective strategies to manage medication-induced sexual dysfunction are initial choice of a drug unlikely to cause SD, switching to a different medication, and adding an antidote to reverse SD. Appropriate interventions should be determined on a clinical case-by-case basis.