1
|
Gu W, Zheng H, Canessa CM. Phosphatases maintain low catalytic activity of SGK1: DNA damage resets the balance in favor of phosphorylation. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104941. [PMID: 37343701 PMCID: PMC10372406 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The serum- and glucocorticoid-induced kinase 1 (SGK1) promotes cell survival under stress conditions and facilitates the emergence of drug resistance in cancer. The underlying mechanisms of these observations are not fully understood. In this study, we found that SGK1 activity is suppressed by the action of the S/T phosphatases PP5 and PP2A, which constantly dephosphorylate SGK1. Using newly developed anti-phospho SGK1 antibodies and inhibitors of phosphatases, we determined that the high degree of dephosphorylation is caused by two factors: the tendency of SGK1 to unfold, which makes it dependent on Hsp90 chaperone complexes composed of four proteins, Hsp90/CDC37/PP5/SGK1, and where the phosphatase PP5 persistently dephosphorylates SGK1 within the complex. SGK1 binding to PP2A regulatory subunits B55γ and B55δ brings PP2A catalytic subunit close to exposed SGK1 phosphoresidues. A further association of phosphorylated pS37-FAM122A-an endogenous inhibitor of PP2A-to the holoenzyme diminishes dephosphorylation of SGK1 mediated by PP2A. Our study also reveals that genotoxic stress can reverse the dominant impact of phosphatases over kinases by activating the DNA-dependent protein kinase, which enhances mTORC2 activity directed to SGK1. Thus, our results provide insight into a molecular pathway that enables SGK1 to gain phosphorylation and catalytic activity and promote cell survival, potentially diminishing the efficacy of cancer treatments. As the DNA damage response operates in many cancer cells and is further induced by chemotherapies, the findings of this study could have significant implications for the development of novel cancer therapies targeting SGK1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenxue Gu
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyan Zheng
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Cecilia M Canessa
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Cellular and Molecular Physiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Backe SJ, Woodford MR, Ahanin E, Sager RA, Bourboulia D, Mollapour M. Impact of Co-chaperones and Posttranslational Modifications Toward Hsp90 Drug Sensitivity. Subcell Biochem 2023; 101:319-350. [PMID: 36520312 PMCID: PMC10077965 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-14740-1_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) regulate myriad cellular processes by modulating protein function and protein-protein interaction. Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is an ATP-dependent molecular chaperone whose activity is responsible for the stabilization and maturation of more than 300 client proteins. Hsp90 is a substrate for numerous PTMs, which have diverse effects on Hsp90 function. Interestingly, many Hsp90 clients are enzymes that catalyze PTM, demonstrating one of the several modes of regulation of Hsp90 activity. Approximately 25 co-chaperone regulatory proteins of Hsp90 impact structural rearrangements, ATP hydrolysis, and client interaction, representing a second layer of influence on Hsp90 activity. A growing body of literature has also established that PTM of these co-chaperones fine-tune their activity toward Hsp90; however, many of the identified PTMs remain uncharacterized. Given the critical role of Hsp90 in supporting signaling in cancer, clinical evaluation of Hsp90 inhibitors is an area of great interest. Interestingly, differential PTM and co-chaperone interaction have been shown to impact Hsp90 binding to its inhibitors. Therefore, understanding these layers of Hsp90 regulation will provide a more complete understanding of the chaperone code, facilitating the development of new biomarkers and combination therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Backe
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.,Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Mark R Woodford
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.,Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Elham Ahanin
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.,Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca A Sager
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.,Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Dimitra Bourboulia
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.,Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Mehdi Mollapour
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA. .,Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Heo K, Basu H, Gutnick A, Wei W, Shlevkov E, Schwarz TL. Serine/Threonine Protein Phosphatase 2A Regulates the Transport of Axonal Mitochondria. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:852245. [PMID: 35370563 PMCID: PMC8973303 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.852245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubule-based transport provides mitochondria to distant regions of neurons and is essential for neuronal health. To identify compounds that increase mitochondrial motility, we screened 1,641 small-molecules in a high-throughput screening platform. Indirubin and cantharidin increased mitochondrial motility in rat cortical neurons. Cantharidin is known to inhibit protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). We therefore tested two other inhibitors of PP2A: LB-100 and okadaic acid. LB-100 increased mitochondrial motility, but okadaic acid did not. To resolve this discrepancy, we knocked down expression of the catalytic subunit of PP2A (PP2CA). This long-term inhibition of PP2A more than doubled retrograde transport of axonal mitochondria, confirming the importance of PP2A as a regulator of mitochondrial motility and as the likely mediator of cantharidin's effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keunjung Heo
- Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Himanish Basu
- Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Amos Gutnick
- Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Wei Wei
- Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Evgeny Shlevkov
- Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Thomas L Schwarz
- Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li J, Cui P, Sun Q, Du Z, Chen Z, Li Z, Liu C, Cao Y, Yang Z, Liu R, Luo M. PSPC1 regulates CHK1 phosphorylation through phase separation and participates in mouse oocyte maturation. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2021; 53:1527-1537. [PMID: 34490876 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmab123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) underlies the formation of membraneless compartments in mammal cells. However, there are few reports that focus on the correlation of mouse oocyte maturation with LLPS. Previous studies have reported that paraspeckle component 1 (PSPC1) is related to the occurrence and development of tumors, but whether PSPC1 functions in mouse oocyte maturation is still unclear. Sequence analysis of PSPC1 protein showed that it contains a prion-like domain (PrLD) that is required for phase separation of proteins. In this study, we found that PSPC1 could undergo phase separation. Moreover, the loss of PrLD domain of PSPC1 could greatly weaken its phase separation ability. The immunofluorescence assays showed that PSPC1 is present in mouse oocytes in the germinal vesicle (GV) stage. Knockdown of PSPC1 significantly impeded the maturation of mouse oocytes in vitro. CHK1 has been reported to play important roles in the GV stage of mouse oocytes. Co-IP experiment revealed that PSPC1 could interact with phosphatase serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 5 (PPP5C), which regulates CHK1 phosphorylation. Western blot analysis revealed that PSPC1 could regulate the phosphorylation of CHK1 through PPP5C; however, PSPC1 without PrLD domain was inactive, suggesting that the lack of phase separation ability led to the abnormal function of PSPC1 in regulating CHK1 phosphorylation. Thus, we conclude that PSPC1 may undergo phase separation to regulate the phosphorylation level of CHK1 via PPP5C and participate in mouse oocyte maturation. Our study provides new insights into the mechanism of mouse oocyte maturation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiong Li
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Department of Tissue and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Peng Cui
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Department of Tissue and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Department of Tissue and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Ziye Du
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Department of Tissue and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Department of Tissue and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Zejia Li
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Department of Tissue and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Department of Tissue and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Yuming Cao
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Department of Tissue and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Zhe Yang
- College of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Department of Tissue and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Mengcheng Luo
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Department of Tissue and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430062, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Neumann J, Boknik P, Kirchhefer U, Gergs U. The role of PP5 and PP2C in cardiac health and disease. Cell Signal 2021; 85:110035. [PMID: 33964402 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphatases are important, for example, as functional antagonists of β-adrenergic stimulation of the mammalian heart. While β-adrenergic stimulations increase the phosphorylation state of regulatory proteins and therefore force of contraction in the heart, these phosphorylations are reversed and thus force is reduced by the activity of protein phosphatases. In this context the role of PP5 and PP2C is starting to unravel. They do not belong to the same family of phosphatases with regard to sequence homology, many similarities with regard to location, activation by lipids and putative substrates have been worked out over the years. We also suggest which pathways for regulation of PP5 and/or PP2C described in other tissues and not yet in the heart might be useful to look for in cardiac tissue. Both phosphatases might play a role in signal transduction of sarcolemmal receptors in the heart. Expression of PP5 and PP2C can be increased by extracellular stimuli in the heart. Because PP5 is overexpressed in failing animal and human hearts, and because overexpression of PP5 or PP2C leads to cardiac hypertrophy and KO of PP5 leads to cardiac hypotrophy, one might argue for a role of PP5 and PP2C in heart failure. Because PP5 and PP2C can reduce, at least in vitro, the phosphorylation state of proteins thought to be relevant for cardiac arrhythmias, a role of these phosphatases for cardiac arrhythmias is also probable. Thus, PP5 and PP2C might be druggable targets to treat important cardiac diseases like heart failure, cardiac hypertrophy and cardiac arrhythmias.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Neumann
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 4, D-06097 Halle, Germany.
| | - Peter Boknik
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Domagkstraße 12, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Uwe Kirchhefer
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Domagkstraße 12, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Gergs
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 4, D-06097 Halle, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sager RA, Dushukyan N, Woodford M, Mollapour M. Structure and function of the co-chaperone protein phosphatase 5 in cancer. Cell Stress Chaperones 2020; 25:383-394. [PMID: 32239474 PMCID: PMC7193036 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-020-01091-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 5 (PP5) is a serine/threonine protein phosphatase that regulates many cellular functions including steroid hormone signaling, stress response, proliferation, apoptosis, and DNA repair. PP5 is also a co-chaperone of the heat shock protein 90 molecular chaperone machinery that assists in regulation of cellular signaling pathways essential for cell survival and growth. PP5 plays a significant role in survival and propagation of multiple cancers, which makes it a promising target for cancer therapy. Though there are several naturally occurring PP5 inhibitors, none is specific for PP5. Here, we review the roles of PP5 in cancer progression and survival and discuss the unique features of the PP5 structure that differentiate it from other phosphoprotein phosphatase (PPP) family members and make it an attractive therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Sager
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
- Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
- College of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Natela Dushukyan
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
- Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Mark Woodford
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
- Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Mehdi Mollapour
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
- Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Haldar B, Hamilton CL, Solodushko V, Abney KA, Alexeyev M, Honkanen RE, Scammell JG, Cioffi DL. S100A6 is a positive regulator of PPP5C-FKBP51-dependent regulation of endothelial calcium signaling. FASEB J 2020; 34:3179-3196. [PMID: 31916625 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901777r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ISOC is a cation current permeating the ISOC channel. In pulmonary endothelial cells, ISOC activation leads to formation of inter-endothelial cell gaps and barrier disruption. The immunophilin FK506-binding protein 51 (FKBP51), in conjunction with the serine/threonine protein phosphatase 5C (PPP5C), inhibits ISOC . Free PPP5C assumes an autoinhibitory state, which has low "basal" catalytic activity. Several S100 protein family members bind PPP5C increasing PPP5C catalytic activity in vitro. One of these family members, S100A6, exhibits a calcium-dependent translocation to the plasma membrane. The goal of this study was to determine whether S100A6 activates PPP5C in pulmonary endothelial cells and contributes to ISOC inhibition by the PPP5C-FKBP51 axis. We observed that S100A6 activates PPP5C to dephosphorylate tau T231. Following ISOC activation, cytosolic S100A6 translocates to the plasma membrane and interacts with the TRPC4 subunit of the ISOC channel. Global calcium entry and ISOC are decreased by S100A6 in a PPP5C-dependent manner and by FKBP51 in a S100A6-dependent manner. Further, calcium entry-induced endothelial barrier disruption is decreased by S100A6 dependent upon PPP5C, and by FKBP51 dependent upon S100A6. Overall, these data reveal that S100A6 plays a key role in the PPP5C-FKBP51 axis to inhibit ISOC and protect the endothelial barrier against calcium entry-induced disruption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barnita Haldar
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA.,Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Caleb L Hamilton
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Medicine, Alabama College of Osteopathic Medicine, Dothan, AL, USA
| | - Viktoriya Solodushko
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Kevin A Abney
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Mikhail Alexeyev
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA.,Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Richard E Honkanen
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | | | - Donna L Cioffi
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA.,Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
D'Arcy BM, Swingle MR, Papke CM, Abney KA, Bouska ES, Prakash A, Honkanen RE. The Antitumor Drug LB-100 Is a Catalytic Inhibitor of Protein Phosphatase 2A (PPP2CA) and 5 (PPP5C) Coordinating with the Active-Site Catalytic Metals in PPP5C. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 18:556-566. [PMID: 30679389 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-1143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
LB-100 is an experimental cancer therapeutic with cytotoxic activity against cancer cells in culture and antitumor activity in animals. The first phase I trial (NCT01837667) evaluating LB-100 recently concluded that safety and efficacy parameters are favorable for further clinical testing. Although LB-100 is widely reported as a specific inhibitor of serine/threonine phosphatase 2A (PP2AC/PPP2CA:PPP2CB), we could find no experimental evidence in the published literature demonstrating the specific engagement of LB-100 with PP2A in vitro, in cultured cells, or in animals. Rather, the premise for LB-100 targeting PP2AC is derived from studies that measure phosphate released from a phosphopeptide (K-R-pT-I-R-R) or inferred from the ability of LB-100 to mimic activity previously reported to result from the inhibition of PP2AC by other means. PP2AC and PPP5C share a common catalytic mechanism. Here, we demonstrate that the phosphopeptide used to ascribe LB-100 specificity for PP2A is also a substrate for PPP5C. Inhibition assays using purified enzymes demonstrate that LB-100 is a catalytic inhibitor of both PP2AC and PPP5C. The structure of PPP5C cocrystallized with LB-100 was solved to a resolution of 1.65Å, revealing that the 7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dicarbonyl moiety coordinates with the metal ions and key residues that are conserved in both PP2AC and PPP5C. Cell-based studies revealed some known actions of LB-100 are mimicked by the genetic disruption of PPP5C These data demonstrate that LB-100 is a catalytic inhibitor of both PP2AC and PPP5C and suggest that the observed antitumor activity might be due to an additive effect achieved by suppressing both PP2A and PPP5C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon M D'Arcy
- USA Mitchell Cancer Institute, Mobile, Alabama.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Mark R Swingle
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Cinta M Papke
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Kevin A Abney
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Erin S Bouska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Aishwarya Prakash
- USA Mitchell Cancer Institute, Mobile, Alabama. .,Department of Pharmacology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Richard E Honkanen
- USA Mitchell Cancer Institute, Mobile, Alabama. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
The FK506-binding protein 51 (FKBP51) has emerged as a key regulator of endocrine stress responses in mammals and as a potential therapeutic target for stress-related disorders (depression, post-traumatic stress disorder), metabolic disorders (obesity and diabetes) and chronic pain. Recently, FKBP51 has been implicated in several cellular pathways and numerous interacting protein partners have been reported. However, no consensus on the underlying molecular mechanisms has yet emerged. Here, we review the protein interaction partners reported for FKBP51, the proposed pathways involved, their relevance to FKBP51’s physiological function(s), the interplay with other FKBPs, and implications for the development of FKBP51-directed drugs.
Collapse
|