Pescatello LS, Wu Y, Gao S, Livingston J, Sheppard BB, Chen MH. Do the combined blood pressure effects of exercise and antihypertensive medications add up to the sum of their parts? A systematic meta-review.
BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2021;
7:e000895. [PMID:
34192008 PMCID:
PMC7818845 DOI:
10.1136/bmjsem-2020-000895]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective
To compare the blood pressure (BP) effects of exercise alone (EXalone), medication alone (MEDSalone) and combined (EX+MEDScombined) among adults with hypertension.
Data sources
PubMed, Scopus, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, SPORTDiscus and the Cochrane Library.
Eligibility criteria
Randomised controlled trails (RCTs) or meta-analyses (MAs) of controlled trials that: (1) involved healthy adults>18 year with hypertension; (2) investigated exercise and BP; (3) reported preintervention and postintervention BP and (4) were published in English. RCTs had an EX+MEDScombined arm; and an EXalone arm and/or an MEDSalone arm; and MAs performed moderator analyses.
Design
A systematic network MA and meta-review with the evidence graded using the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans Advisory Committee system.
Outcome
The BP response for EXalone, MEDSalone and EX+MEDScombined and compared with each other.
Results
Twelve RCTs qualified with 342 subjects (60% women) who were mostly physically inactive, middle-aged to older adults. There were 13 qualifying MAs with 28 468 participants (~50% women) who were mostly Caucasian or Asian. Most RCTs were aerobic (83.3%), while the MAs involved traditional (46%) and alternative (54%) exercise types. Strong evidence demonstrates EXalone, MEDSalone and EX+MEDScombined reduce BP and EX+MEDScombined elicit BP reductions less than the sum of their parts. Strong evidence indicates EX+MEDScombined potentiate the BP effects of MEDSalone. Although the evidence is stronger for alternative than traditional types of exercise, EXaloneelicits greater BP reductions than MEDSalone.
Conclusions
The combined BP effects of exercise and medications are not additive or synergistic, but when combined they bolster the antihypertensive effects of MEDSalone.
PROSPERO registration number
The protocol is registered at PROSPERO CRD42020181754.
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