1
|
Ley L, Messmer F, Vaisnora L, Ghofrani HA, Bandorski D, Kostrzewa M. Electrocardiographic Changes after Endovascular Mechanical Thrombectomy in a Patient with Pulmonary Embolism-A Case Report and Literature Review. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2548. [PMID: 38731076 PMCID: PMC11084833 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13092548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a common disease with an annual incidence of about 1/1000 persons. About every sixth patient dies within the first 30 days after diagnosis. The electrocardiogram (ECG) is one of the first diagnostic tests performed, and is able to confirm the suspicion of PE with typical electrocardiographic signs. Some ECG signs and their regression are also prognostically relevant. Endovascular mechanical thrombectomy is one option for PE treatment, and aims to relieve right heart strain immediately. The first studies on endovascular mechanical thrombectomy using a dedicated device (FlowTriever System, Inari Medical, Irvine, CA, USA) yielded promising results. Methods: In the following, we report the case of a 66-year-old male patient who presented with New York Heart Association III dyspnea in our emergency department. Among typical clinical and laboratory results, he displayed very impressive electrocardiographic and radiological findings at the time of PE diagnosis. Results: After endovascular mechanical thrombectomy, the patient's complaints and pulmonary hemodynamics improved remarkably. In contrast, the ECG worsened paradoxically 18 h after intervention. Nevertheless, control echocardiography 4 days after the intervention no longer showed any signs of right heart strain, and dyspnea had disappeared completely. At a 4-month follow-up visit, the patient presented as completely symptom-free with a high quality of life. His ECG and echocardiography were normal and excluded recurrent right heart strain. Conclusions: Overall, the patient benefitted remarkably from endovascular mechanical thrombectomy, resulting in an almost complete resolution of electrocardiographic PE signs at the 4-month follow-up after exhibiting multiple typical electrocardiographic PE signs at time of diagnosis and initial electrocardiographic worsening 18 h post successful intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Ley
- Department of Radiology, Baden Cantonal Hospital, 5404 Baden, Switzerland; (F.M.); (M.K.)
- Campus Kerckhoff, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Florian Messmer
- Department of Radiology, Baden Cantonal Hospital, 5404 Baden, Switzerland; (F.M.); (M.K.)
| | - Lukas Vaisnora
- Department of Cardiology, Baden Cantonal Hospital, 5404 Baden, Switzerland;
| | | | - Dirk Bandorski
- Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University Campus Hamburg, 20099 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Michael Kostrzewa
- Department of Radiology, Baden Cantonal Hospital, 5404 Baden, Switzerland; (F.M.); (M.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Obradovic S, Dzudovic B, Simpson T, Matijasevic J, Salinger S, Neskovic A. S wave resolution in lead aVL at 48 hours after pulmonary embolism admission predicts lower mortality. Thromb Res 2024; 234:36-38. [PMID: 38154201 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Slobodan Obradovic
- Clinic of Cardiology, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia; School of Medicine, University of Defense, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Boris Dzudovic
- School of Medicine, University of Defense, Belgrade, Serbia; Clinic of Emergency Internal Medicine, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Tamara Simpson
- Jacobi North Central Bronx Hospital, New York City, NY, United States of America
| | - Jovan Matijasevic
- Institute of Pulmonary Diseases Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia; School of Medicine Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Sonja Salinger
- Clinic of Cardiology, Clinical Centre Nis, Nis, Serbia; School of Medicine, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Neskovic
- Clical Centre Zemun, Belgrade, Serbia; School of Medicine University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Obradovic S, Dzudovic B, Pruszczyk P, Djuric I, Subotic B, Matijasevic J, Benic M, Salinger S, Kos L, Kovacevic-Preradovic T, Mitevska I, Kafedzic S, Neskovic A, Bozovic B, Bulatovic N, Miloradovic V. The timing of death in acute pulmonary embolism patients regarding the mortality risk stratification at admission to the hospital. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23536. [PMID: 38187278 PMCID: PMC10767379 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The management of patients with acute pulmonary embolism (aPE) depends on the severity of aPE. The timing of death in various aPE risk subgroups is only partially known. Methods 1618 patients with an objectively established aPE diagnosis with computed tomography pulmonary angiography enrolled in the regional PE registry were included in the study. According to ESC criteria, patients were stratified at admission to the hospital in four risk strata. The timing of PE-related and non-PE-related deaths was analyzed regarding mortality risk. Results PE-related, and non-PE-related hospital death rates were 1.1 % and 1.5 % in low, 1.1 % and 4.8 % in intermediate-low, 8.1 % and 5.9 % in intermediate-high, and 27.7 % and 6.9 % in high-risk groups, respectively. The median time of PE-related and non-PE-related death across the PE mortality risk were: 4 (1.7-7.5) and 7.0 (4-14.7) days in low, 1.5 (1.0-9.5) and 11.5 (2.0-21.0) days in intermediate-low, 4.0 (2.0-9.0) and 9.0 (5.7-18.2) days in intermediate-high, 2.0 (1.0-4.75) and 7.0 (3.0-21.2) days in high-risk subgroups. 48.2 % and 17.1 % of patients who died in the high and intermediate-high risks died during the first hospital day. After the 6th hospitalization day, PE-related deaths were recorded in 43.9 % of deaths from intermediate-high and 17.9 % from high-risk subgroups. Conclusion PE-related mortality is prominent on the first hospitalization day in high and intermediate-high-risk PE. A substantial proportion of intermediate-high and high-risk patient's PE deaths occurred after the first 6 days of hospitalization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Slobodan Obradovic
- Clinic of Cardiology, Military Medical Academy of Belgrade, Serbia
- School of Medicine, University of Defense, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Boris Dzudovic
- School of Medicine, University of Defense, Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinic of Emergency Internal Medicine, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Piotr Pruszczyk
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ivica Djuric
- Clinic of Cardiology, Military Medical Academy of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bojana Subotic
- Clinic of Cardiology, Military Medical Academy of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jovan Matijasevic
- Institute of Pulmonary Diseases Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia
- School of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Marija Benic
- Institute of Pulmonary Diseases Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Sonja Salinger
- Clinic of Cardiology, Clinical Center Nis, Serbia
- School of Medicine, University of Nis, Serbia
| | - Ljiljana Kos
- Clinic of Cardiology, Clinical Center Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Tamara Kovacevic-Preradovic
- Clinic of Cardiology, Clinical Center Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- School of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Irena Mitevska
- University Cardiology Clinic, Intensive Care Unit, Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Srdjan Kafedzic
- Clinic of Cardiology, University Clinical Center Zemun, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Neskovic
- Clinic of Cardiology, University Clinical Center Zemun, Serbia
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bjanka Bozovic
- Clinic of Cardiology, Clinical Center Podgorica, Montenegro
- School of Medicine, University of Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Nebojsa Bulatovic
- Clinic of Cardiology, Clinical Center Podgorica, Montenegro
- School of Medicine, University of Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Vladimir Miloradovic
- Clinic of Cardiology, Clinical Center Kragujevac, Serbia
- School of Medicine, University of Kragujevac, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ružičić DP, Dzudovic B, Matijasevic J, Benic M, Salinger S, Kos L, Kovacevic-Preradovic T, Mitevska I, Neskovic A, Bozovic B, Bulatovic N, Miloradovic V, Djuric I, Obradovic S. Signs and symptoms of acute pulmonary embolism and their predictive value for all-cause hospital death in respect of severity of the disease, age, sex and body mass index: retrospective analysis of the Regional PE Registry (REPER). BMJ Open Respir Res 2023; 10:10/1/e001559. [PMID: 37076250 PMCID: PMC10124252 DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2022-001559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of the signs and symptoms of acute pulmonary embolism (PE) according to mortality risk, age and sex has been partly explored. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 1242 patients diagnosed with acute PE and included in the Regional Pulmonary Embolism Registry were enrolled in the study. Patients were classified as low risk, intermediate risk or high risk according to the European Society of Cardiology mortality risk model. The incidence of the signs and symptoms of acute PE at presentation with respect to sex, age, and PE severity was investigated. RESULTS The incidence of haemoptysis was higher in younger men with intermediate-risk (11.7% vs 7.5% vs 5.9% vs 2.3%; p=0.01) and high-risk PE (13.8% vs 2.5% vs 0.0% vs 3.1%; p=0.031) than in older men and women. The frequency of symptomatic deep vein thrombosis was not significantly different between subgroups. Older women with low-risk PE presented with chest pain less commonly (35.8% vs 55.8% vs 48.8% vs 51.9%, respectively; p=0.023) than men and younger women. However, younger women had a higher incidence of chest pain in the lower-risk PE group than in the intermediate-risk and high-risk PE subgroups (51.9%, 31.4% and 27.8%, respectively; p=0.001). The incidence of dyspnoea (except in older men), syncope and tachycardia increased with the risk of PE in all subgroups (p<0.01). In the low-risk PE group, syncope was present more often in older men and women than in younger patients (15.5% vs 11.3% vs 4.5% vs 4.5%; p=0.009). The incidence of pneumonia was higher in younger men with low-risk PE (31.8% vs<16% in the other subgroups, p<0.001). CONCLUSION Haemoptysis and pneumonia are prominent features of acute PE in younger men, whereas older patients more frequently have syncope with low-risk PE. Dyspnoea, syncope and tachycardia are symptoms of high-risk PE irrespective of sex and age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dušan Predrag Ružičić
- Department of Internal Medicine and Invasive Cardiology, General Hospital Valjevo, Valjevo, Serbia
| | - Boris Dzudovic
- Clinic Of Emergency Internal Medicine, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
- School of Medicine, University of Defense, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jovan Matijasevic
- Institute of Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia
- School of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Marija Benic
- Institute of Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Sonja Salinger
- Clinic of Cardiology, Clinical Center Nis, Nis, Serbia
- School of Medicine, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia
| | - Ljiljana Kos
- Clinic of Cardiology, Clinical Center Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Tamara Kovacevic-Preradovic
- Clinic of Cardiology, Clinical Center Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- School of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Irena Mitevska
- Clinic of Cardiology, Intensive Care Unit, School of Medicine Skopje, University of Skopje, Skopje, North Republic of Macedonia
| | - Aleksandar Neskovic
- Clinic of Cardiology, Clinical Center Zemun, Belgrade, Serbia
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bjanka Bozovic
- Clinic of Cardiology, Clinical Center Podgorica, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Nebojsa Bulatovic
- Clinic of Cardiology, Clinical Center Podgorica, Podgorica, Montenegro
- School of Medicine, University of Podgorica, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Vladimir Miloradovic
- Clinic of Cardiology, Clinical Center Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- School of Medicine, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Ivica Djuric
- Clinic of Cardiology, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slobodan Obradovic
- School of Medicine, University of Defense, Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinic of Cardiology, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mathiyalagan P, Rajangam T, Bhargavi K, Gnanaraj R, Sundaram S. Clinical Profile, Immediate- and Short-term Outcome of Patients with Intermediate-risk Acute Pulmonary Thromboembolism. Indian J Crit Care Med 2022; 26:1192-1197. [PMID: 36873599 PMCID: PMC9983647 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10071-24351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Long-term outcomes of acute pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) have been reported. However, the immediate- and short-term outcomes have not been reported adequately. Objectives Primary objective was to determine the patient characteristics, and immediate- and short-term outcomes of intermediate-risk PTE, and the secondary objective was to evaluate the benefit of thrombolysis in normotensive PTE patients. Material and methods This study included patients diagnosed with acute intermediate PTE. Patient's electrocardiography (ECG) parameters along with echocardiography (echo), etc., conducted at the time of admission, during their stay in hospital, at the time of discharge, and during follow-up were recorded. The patients were treated using thrombolysis or anticoagulants depending on hemodynamic decompensation. During follow-up, they were reassessed for echo parameters-right ventricular (RV) function and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Results Among 55 patients, 29 (52.73%) were diagnosed with intermediate high-risk PTE and 26 (47.27%) with intermediate low-risk PTE. They were normotensive and most of them had a simplified pulmonary embolism severity index (sPESI) score <2. Typical ECG pattern S1Q3T3 along with echo patterns and elevated cardiac troponin levels were observed in most of the patients. Patients treated with thrombolytic agents showed a reduction in hemodynamic decompensation as opposed to patients treated with anticoagulants who had clinical signs of right heart failure (RHF) on follow-up after 3 months. Conclusion This study contributes to the existing literature on outcomes of intermediate-risk PTE and the effect of thrombolysis on patients with hemodynamic stability. Thrombolysis reduced the incidence and progression of RHF in patients with hemodynamic instability. How to cite this article Mathiyalagan P, Rajangam T, Bhargavi K, Gnanaraj R, Sundaram S. Clinical Profile, Immediate- and Short-term Outcome of Patients with Intermediate-risk Acute Pulmonary Thromboembolism. Indian J Crit Care Med 2022;26(11):1192-1197.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Mathiyalagan
- Department of Medicine, PSG Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Tolstoy Rajangam
- Department of Medicine, PSG Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kumar Bhargavi
- Department of Medicine, PSG Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramya Gnanaraj
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sankara Nethralaya Foundation, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shanmuga Sundaram
- Department of Cardiology, PSG Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lasica R, Asanin M, Djukanovic L, Radovanovic N, Savic L, Polovina M, Stankovic S, Ristic A, Zdravkovic M, Lasica A, Kravic J, Perunicic J. Dilemmas in the Choice of Adequate Therapeutic Treatment in Patients with Acute Pulmonary Embolism—From Modern Recommendations to Clinical Application. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15091146. [PMID: 36145366 PMCID: PMC9501350 DOI: 10.3390/ph15091146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary thromboembolism is a very common cardiovascular disease, with a high mortality rate. Despite the clear guidelines, this disease still represents a great challenge both in diagnosis and treatment. The heterogeneous clinical picture, often without pathognomonic signs and symptoms, represents a huge differential diagnostic problem even for experienced doctors. The decisions surrounding this therapeutic regimen also represent a major dilemma in the group of patients who are hemodynamically stable at initial presentation and have signs of right ventricular (RV) dysfunction proven by echocardiography and positive biomarker values (pulmonary embolism of intermediate–high risk). Studies have shown conflicting results about the benefit of using fibrinolytic therapy in this group of patients until hemodynamic decompensation, due to the risk of major bleeding. The latest recommendations give preference to new oral anticoagulants (NOACs) compared to vitamin K antagonists (VKA), except for certain categories of patients (patients with antiphospholipid syndrome, mechanical valves, pregnancy). When using oral anticoagulant therapy, special attention should be paid to drug–drug interactions, which can lead to many complications, even to the death of the patient. Special population groups such as pregnant women, obese patients, patients with antiphospholipid syndrome and the incidence of cancer represent a great therapeutic challenge in the application of anticoagulant therapy. In these patients, not only must the effectiveness of the drugs be taken into account, but great attention must be paid to their safety and possible side effects, which is why a multidisciplinary approach is emphasized in order to provide the best therapeutic option.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ratko Lasica
- Department of Cardiology, Emergency Center, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence:
| | - Milika Asanin
- Department of Cardiology, Emergency Center, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Lazar Djukanovic
- Department of Cardiology, Emergency Center, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nebojsa Radovanovic
- Department of Cardiology, Emergency Center, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Lidija Savic
- Department of Cardiology, Emergency Center, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Polovina
- Department of Cardiology, Emergency Center, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Stankovic
- Center for Medical Biochemistry, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Arsen Ristic
- Department of Cardiology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | | | - Jelena Kravic
- Department of Cardiology, Emergency Center, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jovan Perunicic
- Department of Cardiology, Emergency Center, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zuin M, Rigatelli G, Bilato C, Bongarzoni A, Casazza F, Zonzin P, Roncon L. Prognostic role of serial electrocardiographic changes in patients with acute pulmonary embolism. Data from the Italian Pulmonary Embolism Registry. Thromb Res 2022; 217:15-21. [PMID: 35841712 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Zuin
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Gianluca Rigatelli
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Rovigo, Italy
| | - Claudio Bilato
- Department of Cardiology, West Vicenza Hospital, Arzignagno, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Amedeo Bongarzoni
- Department of Cardiology, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Franco Casazza
- Department of Cardiology, San Carlo Borromeo Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Zonzin
- Department of Cardiology, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Rovigo, Italy
| | - Loris Roncon
- Department of Cardiology, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Rovigo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Valerio L, Barco S. Risk stratification of normotensive pulmonary embolism: One more ride on the merry-go-round. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL-ACUTE CARDIOVASCULAR CARE 2020; 9:256-258. [DOI: 10.1177/2048872620936600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Valerio
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefano Barco
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Germany
- Clinic of Angiology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|