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Musinguzi B, Akampurira A, Derick H, Mwesigwa A, Mwebesa E, Mwesigye V, Kabajulizi I, Sekulima T, Ocheng F, Itabangi H, Mboowa G, Sande OJ, Achan B. In Vitro Evaluation of the Virulence Attributes of Oropharyngeal Candida Species Isolated from People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus with Oropharyngeal Candidiasis on Antiretroviral Therapy. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4371952. [PMID: 38766148 PMCID: PMC11100903 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4371952/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Background Oropharyngeal Candida species are part commensal microflora in the the oral cavity of health individuals. Commensal Candida species can become opportunist and transition to pathogenic causes of oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) in individuals with impaired immunity through ecological cues and expression of virulence factors. Limited studies have evaluated virulence attributes of oropharyngeal Candida species among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) with OPC on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Uganda. Objective Evaluation of the Virulence Attributes of Oropharyngeal Candida Species Isolated from People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus with Oropharyngeal Candidiasis on Antiretroviral Therapy. Methods Thirty-five (35) Candida isolates from PLHIV with OPC on ART were retrieved from sample repository and evaluated for phospholipase activity using the egg yolk agar method, proteinase activity using the bovine serum albumin agar method, hemolysin activity using the blood agar plate method, esterase activity using the Tween 80 opacity test medium method, coagulase activity using the classical tube method and biofilm formation using the microtiter plate assay method in vitro. Results Phospholipase and proteinase activities were detected in 33/35 (94.3%) and 31/35 (88.6%) of the strains, respectively. Up to 25/35 (71.4%) of the strains exhibited biofilm formation while esterase activity was demonstrated in 23/35 (65.7%) of the strains. Fewer isolates 21/35 (60%) of the strains produced hemolysin and coagulase production was the least virulence activity detected in 18/35 (51.4%). Conclusion Phospholipase and proteinase activities were the strongest virulence attributes of oropharyngeal Candida species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benson Musinguzi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Muni University, P. O. Box 725, Arua, Uganda
| | - Andrew Akampurira
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 7072, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Hope Derick
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Muni University, P. O. Box 725, Arua, Uganda
| | - Alex Mwesigwa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, P.O Box 317, Kabale University Kabale, Uganda
| | - Edson Mwebesa
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Muni University, P. O. Box 725, Arua, Uganda
| | - Vicent Mwesigye
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Immaculate Kabajulizi
- Mycology Unit, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Tahalu Sekulima
- Department of Biotechnical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Francis Ocheng
- Department of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Herbert Itabangi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Busitema University, P.O Box 1460, Mbale, Uganda
| | - Gerald Mboowa
- African Centre of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Data-Intensive Sciences, Infectious Diseases Institute, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O Box 22418, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Obondo James Sande
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Beatrice Achan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 7072, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
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