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Adams JK, Yan D, Wu J, Boominathan V, Gao S, Rodriguez AV, Kim S, Carns J, Richards-Kortum R, Kemere C, Veeraraghavan A, Robinson JT. In vivo lensless microscopy via a phase mask generating diffraction patterns with high-contrast contours. Nat Biomed Eng 2022; 6:617-628. [PMID: 35256759 PMCID: PMC9142365 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-022-00851-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The simple and compact optics of lensless microscopes and the associated computational algorithms allow for large fields of view and the refocusing of the captured images. However, existing lensless techniques cannot accurately reconstruct the typical low-contrast images of optically dense biological tissue. Here we show that lensless imaging of tissue in vivo can be achieved via an optical phase mask designed to create a point spread function consisting of high-contrast contours with a broad spectrum of spatial frequencies. We built a prototype lensless microscope incorporating the 'contour' phase mask and used it to image calcium dynamics in the cortex of live mice (over a field of view of about 16 mm2) and in freely moving Hydra vulgaris, as well as microvasculature in the oral mucosa of volunteers. The low cost, small form factor and computational refocusing capability of in vivo lensless microscopy may open it up to clinical uses, especially for imaging difficult-to-reach areas of the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse K Adams
- Applied Physics Program, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dong Yan
- Applied Physics Program, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jimin Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vivek Boominathan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sibo Gao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alex V Rodriguez
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Soonyoung Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer Carns
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rebecca Richards-Kortum
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Caleb Kemere
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ashok Veeraraghavan
- Applied Physics Program, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Computer Science, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Jacob T Robinson
- Applied Physics Program, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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Birjandi AA, Neves VC, Sharpe P. Advances in regenerative dentistry; building with biology. Regen Med 2021; 16:343-345. [PMID: 33759554 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2021-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anahid A Birjandi
- Centre for Craniofacial & Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Kings College London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Vitor Cm Neves
- Centre for Craniofacial & Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Kings College London, SE1 9RT, UK.,Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Kings College London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Paul Sharpe
- Centre for Craniofacial & Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Kings College London, SE1 9RT, UK
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Bastos P, Carpentier G, Patel V, Papy-Garcia D, Watson T, Cook R. Real-Time Optical Vascular Imaging, a new method for the diagnosis and monitoring of oral diseases. J Microsc 2020; 288:73-86. [PMID: 33119132 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Real-Time Optical Vascular Imaging (RTOVI) is a technology developed in the Centre for Oral Clinical & Translational Sciences, within the Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, that allows rapid and preparation free, in vivo imaging of the microvascular anatomy of the human oral cavity. Microvascular changes are known to be related to disease subtypes, in particular cancer. This makes in vivo microvascular examination clinically valuable. However, at present there is lack of any analytical method able to objectively assess microvascular morphology images. DISCUSSION The assessment of microvascular morphology based on a subjective evaluation was proven to be unreliable. There was a need to develop a software-based analysis for in vivo microvascular images to support the validation of RTOVI. This paper reviews the authors work to develop and test an automated microvascular analysis method for RTOVI based on ImageJ, an open-source software. This allowed to determined which parameters offered a more robust mathematical representation of the microvascular anatomy of the gingival margin, such as the mean area per capillary and mean aspect ratio. However, in vivo microvascular images from elsewhere within the oral cavity posed a bigger challenge to the analysis procedure due to the microvascular architectural complexity and poorer contrast. Angiogenesis Analyzer, a well-known ImageJ plugin used for the quantification of in vitro microvascular images, is under development in collaboration with the University of Paris Est Créteil. The aim of this work is to obtain an automated analysis method for in vivo microvascular images able to offer a solid foundation for the diagnostic potential of RTOVI and subsequent clinical integration of this technology. CONCLUSION An automated analysis method for in vivo microvascular images is paramount before any attempt to clinically validate RTOVI. Our initial work of testing a software-based analysis demonstrated the effectiveness of some parameters, which is valuable for future work, and led us to move into a more sophisticated method involving customising the Angiogenesis Analyzer plugin. This is an essential step, aiming to extend the potential of in vivo microscopy with the clinical integration of RTOVI. LAY DESCRIPTION This article summarises the initial research work done in the field on in vivo microvascular imaging aiming to develop a technique for the diagnosis of oral diseases based on the shape of small blood vessels found just below the surface of the "skin" inside the mouth. This offers the potential to examine lesions without the need to take a sample (biopsy/cutting tissue) to observe it microscopically. This ultimately offers a potential to accelerate diagnostic decision making, avoid unpleasant and often deterrent surgical procedures and reducing diagnostic laboratory time and cost burdens. However, in order to assess images of small blood vessels obtained in clinic, we needed to develop and test a software-based analysis to avoid the subjective human interpretation, known not to work. This article describes the authors journey to achieve an automated and sophisticated analysis method unique in the world for in vivo microvascular images derived from real-time optical vascular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bastos
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, The Centre for Oral, Clinical and Translational Sciences, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London, UK
| | - G Carpentier
- Laboratoire Gly-CRRET Faculté des Sciences et Technologie, Université Paris-Est Créteil Val de Marne, Paris, France
| | - V Patel
- Oral Surgery, Guys & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - D Papy-Garcia
- Laboratoire Gly-CRRET Faculté des Sciences et Technologie, Université Paris-Est Créteil Val de Marne, Paris, France
| | - T Watson
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, The Centre for Oral, Clinical and Translational Sciences, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London, UK
| | - R Cook
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, The Centre for Oral, Clinical and Translational Sciences, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London, UK
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Bastos P, Patel V, Festy F, Hosny N, Cook RJ. In-vivo imaging of the microvasculature of the soft tissue margins of osteonecrotic jaw lesions. Br Dent J 2018; 223:699-705. [PMID: 29123273 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2017.888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Given the increasing incidence of medication-related jaw osteonecrosis, and recognition of the mucosal blood supply's importance, we have developed a non-invasive Real Time Optical Vascular Imaging (RTOVI) instrument. Imaging the red blood cells within the sub-mucosal capillary networks demonstrates the microcirculatory anatomy. We report a small trial, demonstrating the technique's viability, examining mucosal microcirculatory changes adjacent to osteonecrotic lesions.Aims Imaging the microvasculature of soft tissue margins of patients' exposed necrotic bone lesions in situ was intended to provide unique observational as well as quantitative data, using an image analysis routine, based on ImageJ software. Our interest was to evaluate whether this could offer valuable information for complex wound margin management.Methods Four osteoradionecrosis and four medication-related osteonecrosis patients (M:F 1:1 mean 68.25 years) were enrolled under the NRES Ethics 11/LON/0354 and KCL Research Ethics Committee (REC) BDM/14/15-14 approvals. Microvascular images from mucosal margins of exposed mandibular osteonecrosis lesions were compared with equivalent images from both uninvolved contralateral mucosa and similar mucosal sites in four healthy subjects.Results We demonstrated narrow hypo-vascularised oedematous lesion margins surrounded by a concentric inflammatory band and normal mucosa beyond. Parameters reporting individual capillary shape, via mean percentage of occupancy per capillary per field of view and capillary loop aspect ratio, differed significantly between groups (ANOVA, p = 0.0002 and p = 0.04 respectively). Values reporting capillary number and area showed expected changes but did not reach statistical significance.Conclusion This pilot study demonstrated the feasibility of mucosal microvascular imaging in assessing the microvascular changes found in the soft tissues at the margins of osteonecrotic lesions, with potential to inform therapeutic interventions and clinical decisions to continue or modify regime strategies at the earliest opportunity. Given the increasing incidence of medication-related jaw osteonecrosis, and the recognition of the importance of mucosal blood supply, we developed a non-invasive instrument demonstrating microcirculation anatomy by imaging transiting red blood cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bastos
- Dept. Tissue Engineering & Biophotonics KCL Dental Institute, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 9RT
| | - V Patel
- Dept. Tissue Engineering & Biophotonics KCL Dental Institute, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 9RT.,Dept. Oral Surgery GSTFT & KCL Dental Institute, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 9RT
| | - F Festy
- Dept. Tissue Engineering & Biophotonics KCL Dental Institute, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 9RT
| | - N Hosny
- Dept. Tissue Engineering & Biophotonics KCL Dental Institute, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 9RT
| | - R J Cook
- Dept. Tissue Engineering & Biophotonics KCL Dental Institute, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 9RT.,Dept. of Oral Medicine, GSTFT & KCL Dental Institute, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 9RT
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