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Sota P, Upontain S, Tangkawattana S, Punyapornwithaya V, Nakhapakorn K, Sripa B. Association between Opisthorchis viverrini infection in cats and humans: Non-spatial and spatial analyses. Vet Parasitol 2024; 327:110150. [PMID: 38422711 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Cats are recognized as significant reservoir hosts for human opisthorchiasis, particularly in areas with a high prevalence of infection. Despite this, the precise role of cats in the transmission of Opisthorchis viverrini between humans and felines remains unclear. This study investigates the association between these two hosts through both spatial and non-spatial analyses in the endemic Thanya sub-district of Thailand. A total of 105 owned cats were randomly sampled from 15 villages within the sub-district for stool examination. A questionnaire was administered to 66 cat owners to explore the human-pet relationship. Household locations were collected using GPS devices. Non-spatial analyses revealed a positive association between the two hosts (P= 0.011; OR 7, 95% CI: 1.6-30.9), highlighting two independent significant risk factors: cat owners consuming raw fish (P = 0.028; OR = 4.52, 95% CI: 1.25-19.45) and feeding cats raw fish (P = 0.011; OR = 16.41, 95% CI: 2.78-317.04) according to multivariate analysis. Spatial analysis provided further support to the non-spatial findings (p = 0.0123; OR = 3.45, 95% CI = 0.88-13.61). Multiple autologistic regression confirmed two significant risk factors: cat owners consuming raw fish (p = 0.054; OR = 3.37, 95% CI: 0.98-11.59) and feeding cats raw fish (p = 0.014; OR = 7.43, 95% CI: 1.49-37.05). Risk mapping identified the western part of the study site as a hotspot for O. viverrini infection. Hyper-endemic focusing revealed a union of human and cat buffers at 0.46 km², with an overlapping area of 0.22 km² (47.83%). This study underscores the impact of owners' behaviors, specifically consuming and feeding raw fish to cats, on the increased probability of infection in cats. It emphasizes the need for effective opisthorchiasis control through health education targeting cat owners in endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pornphutthachat Sota
- Graduate School, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis (Southeast Asian Liver Fluke Disease), Tropical Disease Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Songkiad Upontain
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sirikachorn Tangkawattana
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis (Southeast Asian Liver Fluke Disease), Tropical Disease Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | | | - Kanchana Nakhapakorn
- Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Banchob Sripa
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis (Southeast Asian Liver Fluke Disease), Tropical Disease Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
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Tangkawattana S, Sereerak P, Upontain S, Tangkawattana P, Sripa B. Investigation of possible alternate animal reservoir hosts of Opisthorchis viverrini. Acta Trop 2021; 217:105850. [PMID: 33524385 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.105850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic opisthorchiasis caused by Opisthorchis viverrini (O. viverrini) adversely affects human health and is associated with a fatal bile duct cancer (cholangiocarcinoma). Although cats and dogs are known animal reservoir hosts of opisthorchiasis, there is limited information about whether other fish-eating animals are fluke reservoirs. Wetlands along Chi River of Thailand have abundant intermediate host snails and fish for O. viverrini and diverse other animal species. This led to our investigation into whether other fish-eating animals can also become infected and be alternate reservoir hosts for human opisthorchiasis. Our preliminary study focused on the O. viverrini infection status of crab-eating or long-tailed macaques roaming in Kosumpi National Forest Park in Chi River Basin, Kosumpisai District of Mahasarakam Province, and rodents, small residential mammals and fish-eating birds living in Lawa wetland complex of Khon Kaen Province. Fecal samples of each animal were collected and modified formalin ether concentration technique was applied to identify infections. Additionally, participatory epidemiology was used to retrieve information from local communities on opisthorchiasis transmission in these animals. No O. viverrini infection was found in any fecal samples suggesting that monkeys, rodents, small residential mammals and birds in these two wetlands probably do not serve as alternate reservoir hosts of O. viverrini.
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Fedorova OS, Fedotova MM, Zvonareva OI, Mazeina SV, Kovshirina YV, Sokolova TS, Golovach EA, Kovshirina AE, Konovalova UV, Kolomeets IL, Gutor SS, Petrov VA, Hattendorf J, Ogorodova LM, Odermatt P. Opisthorchis felineus infection, risks, and morbidity in rural Western Siberia, Russian Federation. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008421. [PMID: 32598389 PMCID: PMC7351239 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The liver fluke, Opisthorchis felineus, is widely distributed throughout Europe and large parts of the Russian Federation. In Western Siberia, information about opisthorchiasis is lacking although infection may lead to severe liver and bile duct diseases. We aimed to assess the current prevalence of O. felineus infection along with associated risk factors and morbidity in rural Western Siberia. METHODS We conducted a community-based, cross-sectional study in the rural Shegarskiy district, Tomsk Oblast, Russian Federation. All household members (≥ 7 years) present on the survey day were enrolled (n = 600). Two stool samples per person were examined for helminth eggs, using PARASEP (DiaSys Ltd, UK). The number of eggs per gram (EPG) of feces was recorded. Each study participant was interviewed to determine risk factors, using a pre-tested questionnaire. An abdominal ultrasonography examination of liver and bile ducts was performed with a mobile, high resolution ultrasound device. In total, 488 persons completed assessments (two stool samples, completed questionnaires); of those, 436 individuals had an ultrasonography (US) examination. RESULTS We observed a prevalence of O. felineus infection of 60.2%. Significant risk factors for infection were the consumption of river fish (odds ratio from adjusted analysis [aOR] 2.4, 95% CI 1.52-3.95, p<0.001), particularly stock fish (OR from multivariable analysis [mOR] 3.2, 95% CI 2.63-3.80, p<0.001), smoked fish (mOR 1.5, 95% CI 1.24-1.72, p<0.001), frozen fish (mOR 1.6, 95% CI 1.29-2.02, p<0.001), and raw fish (mOR 1.4, 95% CI 1.05-1.84, p = 0.02); and fishing activities (mOR 1.2, 95% CI 1.03-1.43, p = 0.019). Women had a higher risk of infection than men. Infection was associated positively with age and negatively with socio-economic status. The respondents' general awareness of opisthorchiasis was quite high (93.2%), but their knowledge about infection transmission and prevention was insufficient. Children aged 7-18 years old had a lower level of awareness compared to adults. The abdominal ultrasonography results demonstrated a strong association between O. felineus infection and gallbladder stones (mOR 2.8, 95% CI 1.33-6.04, p = 0.007) and periductal fibrosis of intrahepatic bile ducts (mOR 1.9, 95% CI 1.08-3.46, p = 0.026). CONCLUSION O. felineus infection is highly prevalent in rural regions of Western Siberia, and associated with severe hepatobiliary pathology. Identified risk factors will be used to develop a comprehensive targeted O. felineus infection control program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga S. Fedorova
- Department of Faculty Pediatrics, Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education, Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Tomsk, Russian Federation
- * E-mail:
| | - Marina M. Fedotova
- Department of Faculty Pediatrics, Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education, Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Olga I. Zvonareva
- Department of Health, Ethics and Society, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Central Research laboratory, Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education, Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | | | - Yulia V. Kovshirina
- Department of Infectious diseases and Epidemiology, Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education, Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Tatiana S. Sokolova
- Department of Faculty Pediatrics, Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education, Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina A. Golovach
- Department of Faculty Pediatrics, Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education, Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Anna E. Kovshirina
- Department of Faculty Pediatrics, Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education, Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Uliana V. Konovalova
- Department of Faculty Pediatrics, Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education, Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Ivan L. Kolomeets
- Department of Faculty Pediatrics, Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education, Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey S. Gutor
- Central Research laboratory, Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education, Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Vyacheslav A. Petrov
- Central Research laboratory, Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education, Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Jan Hattendorf
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ludmila M. Ogorodova
- Department of Faculty Pediatrics, Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education, Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Peter Odermatt
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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