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Paragomi P, Zhang Z, Abe SK, Islam MR, Rahman MS, Saito E, Shu XO, Dabo B, Pham YTH, Chen Y, Gao YT, Koh WP, Sawada N, Malekzadeh R, Sakata R, Hozawa A, Kim J, Kanemura S, Nagata C, You SL, Ito H, Park SK, Yuan JM, Pan WH, Wen W, Wang R, Cai H, Tsugane S, Pourshams A, Sugawara Y, Wada K, Chen CJ, Oze I, Shin A, Ahsan H, Boffetta P, Chia KS, Matsuo K, Qiao YL, Rothman N, Zheng W, Inoue M, Kang D, Luu HN. Body Mass Index and Risk of Colorectal Cancer Incidence and Mortality in Asia. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e2429494. [PMID: 39196559 PMCID: PMC11358861 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.29494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance The global burden of obesity is increasing, as are colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality. Objectives To assess the association between body mass index (BMI) and risks of incident CRC and CRC-related death in the Asian population. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study includes data pooled from 17 prospective cohort studies included in The Asia Cohort Consortium. Cohort enrollment was conducted from January 1, 1984, to December 31, 2002. Median follow-up time was 15.2 years (IQR, 12.1-19.2 years). Data were analyzed from January 15, 2023, through January 15, 2024. Exposure Body mass index, calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcomes were CRC incidence and CRC-related mortality. The risk of events is reported as adjusted hazard ratios (AHRs) and 95% CIs for incident CRC and death from CRC using the Cox proportional hazards regression model. Results To assess the risk of incident CRC, 619 981 participants (mean [SD] age, 53.8 [10.1] years; 52.0% female; 11 900 diagnosed incident CRC cases) were included in the study, and to assess CRC-related mortality, 650 195 participants (mean [SD] age, 53.5 [10.2] years; 51.9% female; 4550 identified CRC deaths) were included in the study. A positive association between BMI and risk of CRC was observed among participants with a BMI greater than 25.0 to 27.5 (AHR, 1.09 [95% CI, 1.03-1.16]), greater than 27.5 to 30.0 (AHR, 1.19 [95% CI, 1.11-1.29]), and greater than 30.0 (AHR, 1.32 [95% CI, 1.19-1.46]) compared with those with a BMI greater than 23.0 to 25.0 (P < .001 for trend), and BMI was associated with a greater increase in risk for colon cancer than for rectal cancer. A similar association between BMI and CRC-related death risk was observed among participants with a BMI greater than 27.5 (BMI >27.5-30.0: AHR, 1.18 [95% CI, 1.04-1.34]; BMI >30.0: AHR, 1.38 [95% CI, 1.18-1.62]; P < .001 for trend) and was present among men with a BMI greater than 30.0 (AHR, 1.87 [95% CI, 1.49-2.34]; P < .001 for trend) but not among women (P = .15 for trend) (P = .02 for heterogeneity). Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study that included a pooled analysis of 17 cohort studies comprising participants across Asia, a positive association between BMI and CRC incidence and related mortality was found. The risk was greater among men and participants with colon cancer. These findings may have implications to better understand the burden of obesity on CRC incidence and related deaths in the Asian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedram Paragomi
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Zhongjie Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sarah Krull Abe
- Division of Prevention, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Md. Rashedul Islam
- Division of Prevention, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Md. Shafiur Rahman
- Division of Prevention, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Eiko Saito
- Institute for Global Health Policy Research, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Bashir Dabo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa
| | - Yen Thi-Hai Pham
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York
- Division of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York
| | - Yu-Tang Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Norie Sawada
- Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ritsu Sakata
- Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hozawa
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Jeongseon Kim
- Graduate School of Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seiki Kanemura
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Chisato Nagata
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - San-Lin You
- School of Medicine and Big Data Research Center, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hidemi Ito
- Division of Cancer Information and Control, Department of Preventive Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Sue K. Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Wen-Harn Pan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Wanqing Wen
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Renwei Wang
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Hui Cai
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akram Pourshams
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yumi Sugawara
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Keiko Wada
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Chien-Jen Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Isao Oze
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Aesun Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Habibul Ahsan
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Kee Seng Chia
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - You-Lin Qiao
- Center for Global Health, School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Manami Inoue
- Division of Prevention, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daehee Kang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hung N. Luu
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Marain NF, Jonckheere AC, Dilissen E, Cremer J, Roskams T, Colemont M, Bullens DM, Dupont LJ, Vanoirbeek JA. Combined Exercise and Diet Induce Airway Hyperreactivity While Reducing Liver Steatosis in Mice with Diet-Induced Obesity. Nutrients 2024; 16:2129. [PMID: 38999877 PMCID: PMC11243263 DOI: 10.3390/nu16132129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a multi-organ system disease, which is associated with, e.g., a higher prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and asthma. Little is known regarding the effect of obesity-related parameters (including liver integrity) and the respiratory phenotype after a combination of physical activity and diet. METHODS Thirty-two C57BL/6 mice were, after 27 weeks of a high fat diet (HFD), randomly assigned to two dietary interventions for three weeks: a HFD or a normal chow diet (NCD). In both dietary groups, half of the animals were subjected to a sub-maximal exercise protocol. Lung function, lung inflammation, liver histology, and metabolic profile were determined. RESULTS Mice with obesity did not show airway hyperreactivity after methacholine provocation. Sub-maximal exercise with diet (NCD/E) induced a significant reduction in forced expiratory volume in 0.1 s after methacholine provocation. NCD/E had significantly more neutrophils and inflammation (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-4, and IL-17F) in bronchoalveolar lavage compared to non-exercising mice on a HFD (HFD/NE). However, more epithelial injury (serum surfactant protein D and IL-33) was seen in HFD/NE. Additionally, hepatic steatosis and fibrosis were reduced by combined diet and sub-maximal exercise. CONCLUSIONS Combining sub-maximal exercise with diet induced airway hyperreactivity and pulmonary inflammation, while body weight, hepatic steatosis, and fibrosis improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora F Marain
- KU Leuven, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anne-Charlotte Jonckheere
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ellen Dilissen
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Cremer
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tania Roskams
- KU Leuven, Department of Imaging & Pathology, Translational Cell & Tissue Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marieke Colemont
- KU Leuven, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dominique M Bullens
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Clinical Division of Paediatrics, UZ Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lieven J Dupont
- KU Leuven, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Clinical Division of Respiratory Medicine, UZ Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeroen A Vanoirbeek
- KU Leuven, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Lee S, Ghosh A, Lamba A, Lim C, Young S. Obesity: An Overview for the Interventional Radiologist. Semin Intervent Radiol 2024; 41:233-238. [PMID: 38993604 PMCID: PMC11236446 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1786709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Sean Lee
- Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York City, New York
| | - Abheek Ghosh
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ashley Lamba
- Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, New York
| | - Christina Lim
- Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Shamar Young
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Medical Imaging, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
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Acciarino A, Diwakarla S, Handreck J, Bergola C, Sahakian L, McQuade RM. The role of the gastrointestinal barrier in obesity-associated systemic inflammation. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13673. [PMID: 38111141 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Systemic inflammation is a key contributor to the onset and progression of several obesity-associated diseases and is thought to predominantly arise from the hyperplasia and hypertrophy of white adipose tissue. However, a growing body of works suggests that early changes in the gastrointestinal (GI) barrier may contribute to both local, within the GI lining, and systemic inflammation in obesity. Intestinal barrier dysfunction is well-characterized in inflammatory GI disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and is known to contribute to systemic inflammation. Thus, drawing parallels between GI disorders, where intestinal permeability and systemic inflammation are prominent features, and obesity-induced GI manifestations may provide insights into the potential role of the intestinal barrier in systemic inflammation in obesity. This review summarizes the current literature surrounding intestinal barrier dysfunction in obesity and explores the potential role of intestinal hyperpermeability and intestinal barrier dysfunction in the development of systemic inflammation and GI dysfunction in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Acciarino
- Gut Barrier and Disease Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shanti Diwakarla
- Gut Barrier and Disease Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jessica Handreck
- Gut Barrier and Disease Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cedrick Bergola
- Gut Barrier and Disease Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lauren Sahakian
- Gut Barrier and Disease Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rachel M McQuade
- Gut Barrier and Disease Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Saha A, Muhammad T, Mandal B, Adhikary M, Barman P. Socio-demographic and behavioral correlates of excess weight and its health consequences among older adults in India: Evidence from a cross-sectional study, 2017-18. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291920. [PMID: 37796783 PMCID: PMC10553247 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapid population aging is expected to become one of the major demographic transitions in the twenty-first century due to the continued decline in fertility and rise in life expectancy. Such a rise in the aged population is associated with increasing non-communicable diseases. India has suffered from obesity epidemic, with morbid obesity affecting 5% of the population and continuing an upward trend in other developing countries. This study estimates the prevalence of excess weight among older adults in India, and examines the socio-demographic and behavioral factors and its health consequences. METHODS The study used data from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) wave 1 (2017-18). A total sample of 25,952 older adults (≥ 60 years) was selected for the study. Descriptive statistics, bivariate Chi-Square test, and logistic regression models were applied to accomplish the study objectives. Body mass index (BMI) has been computed for the study according to the classification of the World Health Organization, and "excess weight" refers to a score of BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m2. RESULTS Overall, 23% of older adults (≥ 60 years) were estimated with excess weight in India, which was higher among women irrespective of socioeconomic and health conditions. The higher levels of excess weight (than the national average of ≥22.7%) were observed among older adults in states like Haryana, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Manipur, Goa, Kerala, Karnataka, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Sikkim and some other states. After adjusting for selected covariates, the odds of excess weight were higher among females than males [OR: 2.21, 95% CI: 1.89, 2.60]. Similarly, the likelihood of excess weight was 2.18 times higher among older adults who were living in urban areas compared to their rural counterparts [OR: 2.18; 95% CI: 1.90, 2.49]. Higher level of education is significantly positively correlated with excess weight. Similarly, higher household wealth index was significantly positively correlated with excess weight [OR: 1.98, CI: 1.62, 2.41]. Having hypertension, diabetes and heart diseases were associated with excess weight among older adults. Regional variations were also observed in the prevalence of excess weight among older adults. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that introducing measures that help to reduce the risk of non-communicable diseases, and campaigns to encourage physical activity, and community awareness may help reduce the high burden of excess weight and obesity among older Indians. The findings are important for identifying the at-risk sub-populations and for the better functioning of any public health programme and suitable intervention techniques to lower the prevalence and risk factors for excess weight in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amiya Saha
- Department of Family & Generations, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - T. Muhammad
- Department of Family & Generations, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - Bittu Mandal
- Indian Institute of Technology, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indore, India
| | - Mihir Adhikary
- Department of Public health and Mortality Studies, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - Papai Barman
- Department of Family & Generations, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
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Lang Y, Liu Y, Ye C, Tang X, Cheng Z, Xie L, Feng L, Liu Y. Loss of LEAP-2 alleviates obesity-induced myocardial injury by regulating macrophage polarization. Exp Cell Res 2023; 430:113702. [PMID: 37414204 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a serious public health issue worldwide, which is a risk factor of cardiovascular disorders. Obesity has been shown to be associated with subclinical myocardial injury, increasing the risk of heart failure. Our study aims to explore novel mechanisms underlying obesity-induced myocardial injury. METHODS Mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) to establish a mouse model of obesity, and serum levels of TG, TCH, LDL, CK-MB, LDH, cTnI and BNP were examined. Inflammatory response was evaluated by determining the expression and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α. Macrophage infiltration in the heart was examined by IHC staining, and H&E staining was applied to evaluate myocardial injury. Primary peritoneal macrophages were isolated from mice and treated with palmitic acid (PA). Macrophage polarization was evaluated by determine the expression of CCL2, iNOS, CD206 and arginase I via Western blot, RT-qPCR, and flow cytometry. Co-IP assays were performed to examine the interaction between LEAP-2, GHSR and ghrelin. RESULTS Hyperlipidemia, increased proinflammatory cytokines and myocardial injury were observed in mice with obesity, and silencing of LEAP-2 ameliorated HFD-induced hyperlipidemia, inflammation, and myocardial injury. Moreover, HFD-induced macrophage infiltration and M1 polarization were reversed by LEAP-2 knockdown in mice. Furthermore, silencing of LEAP-2 suppressed PA-induced M1 polarization but enhanced M2 polarization in vitro. LEAP-2 interacted with GHSR in macrophages, and knockdown of LEAP-2 promoted the interaction of GHSR and ghrelin. Overexpression of ghrelin enhanced LEAP-1 silencing-mediated suppression of inflammatory response and upregulation of M2 polarization in PA-induced macrophages. CONCLUSION Knockdown of LEAP-2 ameliorates obesity-induced myocardial injury via promoting M2 polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Lang
- The Image Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, PR China
| | - Yanling Liu
- Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, PR China
| | - Chunfeng Ye
- Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, PR China
| | - Xiaomin Tang
- Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, PR China
| | - Zugen Cheng
- Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, PR China
| | - Lixin Xie
- Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, PR China
| | - Lihua Feng
- Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, PR China.
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Chikwetu L, Daily S, Mortazavi BJ, Dunn J. Automated Diet Capture Using Voice Alerts and Speech Recognition on Smartphones: Pilot Usability and Acceptability Study. JMIR Form Res 2023; 7:e46659. [PMID: 37191989 DOI: 10.2196/46659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effective monitoring of dietary habits is critical for promoting healthy lifestyles and preventing or delaying the onset and progression of diet-related diseases, such as type 2 diabetes. Recent advances in speech recognition technologies and natural language processing present new possibilities for automated diet capture; however, further exploration is necessary to assess the usability and acceptability of such technologies for diet logging. OBJECTIVE This study explores the usability and acceptability of speech recognition technologies and natural language processing for automated diet logging. METHODS We designed and developed base2Diet-an iOS smartphone application that prompts users to log their food intake using voice or text. To compare the effectiveness of the 2 diet logging modes, we conducted a 28-day pilot study with 2 arms and 2 phases. A total of 18 participants were included in the study, with 9 participants in each arm (text: n=9, voice: n=9). During phase I of the study, all 18 participants received reminders for breakfast, lunch, and dinner at preselected times. At the beginning of phase II, all participants were given the option to choose 3 times during the day to receive 3 times daily reminders to log their food intake for the remainder of the phase, with the ability to modify the selected times at any point before the end of the study. RESULTS The total number of distinct diet logging events per participant was 1.7 times higher in the voice arm than in the text arm (P=.03, unpaired t test). Similarly, the total number of active days per participant was 1.5 times higher in the voice arm than in the text arm (P=.04, unpaired t test). Furthermore, the text arm had a higher attrition rate than the voice arm, with only 1 participant dropping out of the study in the voice arm, while 5 participants dropped out in the text arm. CONCLUSIONS The results of this pilot study demonstrate the potential of voice technologies in automated diet capturing using smartphones. Our findings suggest that voice-based diet logging is more effective and better received by users compared to traditional text-based methods, underscoring the need for further research in this area. These insights carry significant implications for the development of more effective and accessible tools for monitoring dietary habits and promoting healthy lifestyle choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Chikwetu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Shaundra Daily
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Bobak J Mortazavi
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Jessilyn Dunn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
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Zyoud SH, Shakhshir M, Abushanab AS, Koni A, Shahwan M, Jairoun AA, Al-Jabi SW. Global research trends on the links between insulin resistance and obesity: a visualization analysis. TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 7:18. [DOI: 10.1186/s41231-022-00124-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
AbstractBackgroundObesity increases the chance of developing insulin resistance. Numerous inflammatory markers have been linked to an increased risk of insulin resistance in obese individuals. Therefore, we performed a bibliometric analysis to determine global research activity and current trends in the field of obesity and insulin resistance.MethodsScopus was used between 2002 and 2021 to retrieve publications related to terms related to obesity and insulin resistance. Data were exported to Microsoft Excel. Additionally, we use VOSviewer software to create visualization maps that describe international collaborations and research hotspots.ResultsWe identified 6626 publications, including 5754 journal articles, 498 review articles, and 109 letters to the editor. The most productive countries were the United States (n = 995, 30.11%), followed by China (n = 650, 9.81%), Italy (n = 412, 6.22%) and Spain (n = 386, 5.83%). Previously to 2012, this field was mainly focused on ‘adipocyte dysfunctions that link obesity with insulin resistance”; and ‘relationship between obesity, insulin resistance, and risk of cardiovascular disease’. ‘Supplements improve insulin sensitivity‘, and ‘obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance’ were found more recently (after 2014), indicating that research in this field has acquired significant interest and emphasis in recent years.ConclusionsThis is the first bibliometric study to focus on publications related to insulin resistance and obesity at the global level. Our reporting of quantifiable knowledge in this field may be useful in providing evidence and direction for future research, clinical practice, and educational initiatives.
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The prevalence of undernutrition and associated factors in older obese patients. Aging Clin Exp Res 2022; 34:2023-2030. [PMID: 35575948 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-022-02143-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both obesity and malnutrition are common health problems in older adults. AIM The aim of our study is to investigate the prevalence of undernutrition and related factors in older obese patients. METHODS 1911 older outpatients who underwent comprehensive geriatric assessment were included in this cross-sectional study. Body mass index (BMI) was categorized as follows: 'Underweight' = BMI < 18.5, 'Normal weight' = 18.5 ≤ BMI < 25, 'Overweight' 25 ≤ BMI < 30, and 'Obesity' ≥ BMI 30. Mini-Nutritional Assessment scores > 23.5, 17-23.5, or < 17 were categorized as well-nourished, malnutrition risk, and malnutrition, respectively. Those who were not well-nourished were considered undernutrition. RESULTS Of 1911 patients, with a mean age of 77.34 ± 8.0 years, 931 (48.7%) were obese. Of whom 6.0% were malnourished and 26.3% were at risk of malnutrition. Age, females, widowed and those living with their children, the number of drugs used, and the presence of heart failure, Parkinson's disease, and dementia, decreased calf circumference and muscle strength were higher in obese patients with undernutrition than obese well-nourished patients (p < 0.05). After adjustment for the aforementioned factors, basic and instrumental activities of daily livings, and Tinetti scores were lower, and falls and Geriatric Depression Scale-15 scores were higher in those with undernutrition compared to those with well-nourished among older obese patients (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Half of the older patients were obese and undernutrition was observed in one out of every three older obese patients. Undernutrition was associated with decreased functional capacity, impairment in balance and gait functions, falls, and depressed mood. Therefore, we recommend to screen older obese patients for nutritional status.
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