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Perveen S, Hamedi A, Pasdaran A, Heidari R, Azam MSU, Tabassum S, Mehmood R, Peng J. Anti-inflammatory potential of some eudesmanolide and guaianolide sesquiterpenes. Inflammopharmacology 2024; 32:1489-1498. [PMID: 37962696 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01375-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Ten sesquiterpene lactones isolated from Anvillea garcinii (Burm.f.) DC ethanolic extract were assessed for their anti-inflammatory potential by myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity assignment, and mice paw swelling model. 3α,4α-10β-trihydroxy-8α-acetyloxyguaian-12,6α-olide (1), epi-vulgarin (3), 9a-hydroxyparthenolide (4), garcinamine C (7), garcinamine D (8), garcinamine E (9), and 4, 9-dihydroxyguaian-10(14)-en-12-olide (10) showed explicit anti-inflammatory activity in rodent paw edema and MPO assignment. The findings of this study showed that the α-methylene γ-lactone moiety does not always guarantee an anti-inflammatory effect, but the presence of proline at the C3 of the lactone ring improves the binding of sesquiterpene lactones with MPO isoenzymes, resulting in a more potent inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shagufta Perveen
- Department of Chemistry, School of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, 21251, USA.
| | - Azadeh Hamedi
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ardalan Pasdaran
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Reza Heidari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Muhammad Shafiq Ul Azam
- Department of Radiology, Yeovil district hospital Somerset foundation trust (NHS), BA21 4AT,, Yeovil, Somerset, UK
| | - Sobia Tabassum
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS University, Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Pakistan
| | - Rashad Mehmood
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Township, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Jiangnan Peng
- Department of Chemistry, School of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, 21251, USA
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Politeo O, Ćurlin P, Brzović P, Auzende K, Magné C, Generalić Mekinić I. Volatiles from French and Croatian Sea Fennel Ecotypes: Chemical Profiles and the Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Antiageing Activity of Essential Oils and Hydrolates. Foods 2024; 13:695. [PMID: 38472808 DOI: 10.3390/foods13050695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Sea fennel is a halophytic plant rich in valuable nutritional components and is characterized by pleasant organoleptic properties. While its essential oils (EOs) are well investigated, there are no reports on the volatiles from their corresponding hydrolates, which are the main by-products of EO isolation, as well as on their biological activity. Therefore, the composition and biological activities of EOs and corresponding hydrolates of sea fennel from Atlantic (French, FRA) and Mediterranean (Croatian, CRO) ecotypes were investigated and compared. The EO from the CRO sample was characterized by an abundance of sabinene and limonene, while that from the FRA ecotype was rich in dillapiol and carvacryl methyl ether. The CRO hydrolate was rich in terpinen-4-ol and 10-(acetylmethyl)-3-carene, while dillapiol, thymyl methyl ether and γ-terpinene were the main compounds in the FRA sea fennel hydrolate. The biological activities of the EOs and hydrolates were evaluated for their antioxidant (with DPPH, NO, FRAP and ORAC bioassays), antimicrobial (against some Gram+ and Gram- spoilage bacteria) and antiageing (tyrosinase, elastase and collagenase inhibition) activities. Both EOs showed low reducing powers and antiradical activities while the ability of both hydrolates to quench NO was slightly higher (35-39% if inhibition). The FRA EO showed low activity against Staphylococcus aureus (8 mm), while CRO moderately inhibited the growth of P. aeruginosa (8 mm), but strongly inhibited the other two bacterial strains. While the French EO showed no antityrosinase and anticollagenase activity, the Croatian oil significantly inhibited both enzymes (IC50 of 650 µg/mL and IC50 of 2570 µg/mL, respectively) probably due to the dominance of limonene and sabinene. Neither EO exhibited antielastase properties, while the hydrolates from both ecotypes showed no antiageing activity, regardless of the enzyme tested. The EOs from the aerial parts of sea fennel from FRA and CRO differed greatly in composition, resulting in different activities. The Croatian samples appeared to have better biological properties and are therefore good candidates for applications as preservatives or antiageing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivera Politeo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, R. Boškovića 35, HR-21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Pavao Ćurlin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, R. Boškovića 35, HR-21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Petra Brzović
- Department of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, R. Boškovića 35, HR-21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Killian Auzende
- Laboratoire Géoarchitecture_Territoires, Biodiversité, Urbanisme, Environnement, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 Avenue Victor Le Gorgeu, CS 93837, CEDEX 3, 29238 Brest, France
| | - Christian Magné
- Laboratoire Géoarchitecture_Territoires, Biodiversité, Urbanisme, Environnement, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 Avenue Victor Le Gorgeu, CS 93837, CEDEX 3, 29238 Brest, France
| | - Ivana Generalić Mekinić
- Department of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, R. Boškovića 35, HR-21000 Split, Croatia
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Boualam K, Ibork H, Lahboub Z, Sobeh M, Taghzouti K. Mentha rotundifolia (L.) Huds. and Salvia officinalis L. hydrosols mitigate aging related comorbidities in rats. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1365086. [PMID: 38464467 PMCID: PMC10920217 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1365086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Aging is often linked to oxidative stress, where the body experiences increased damage from free radicals. Plants are rich sources of antioxidants, playing a role in slowing down aging and supporting the proper functioning and longevity of cells. Our study focuses on exploring the impact of Mentha rotundifolia (MR) and Salvia officinalis (SO) hydrosols on aging-related comorbidities. Methods The chemical composition of MR and SO hydrosols was analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. 2,2-Diphenyl 1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,20-azino-bis 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radicals scavenging assays were used to assess their in vitro antioxidant activity, and heat induced albumin denaturation test was used to evaluate their anti-inflammatory activity. Subsequently, we administered 5% of each plant hydrosol in the drinking water of 18-month-old rats for six months. We then conducted behavioral tests, including open field, dark/light box, rotarod, and Y-maze assessments, and measured biochemical parameters in plasma, liver and brain tissues. Results and discussion At two years old, animals treated with MR and SO hydrosols displayed fewer physical and behavioral impairments, along with well-preserved redox homeostasis in comparison with animals in the control group. These results highlighted the significance of MR and SO hydrosols in addressing various aspects of age-related comorbidities. The study suggests that these plant-derived hydrosols may have potential applications in promoting healthy aging and mitigating associated health challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadija Boualam
- AgroBioSciences Program, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University Mohammed VI Polytechnic, Ben-Guerir, Morocco
- Physiology and Physiopathology Team, Genomics of Human Pathologies Research Center, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Hind Ibork
- Physiology and Physiopathology Team, Genomics of Human Pathologies Research Center, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Zakaria Lahboub
- Plant Chemistry and Organic and Bioorganic Synthesis Team, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mansour Sobeh
- AgroBioSciences Program, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University Mohammed VI Polytechnic, Ben-Guerir, Morocco
| | - Khalid Taghzouti
- Physiology and Physiopathology Team, Genomics of Human Pathologies Research Center, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
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Vrca I, Čikeš Čulić V, Lozić M, Dunkić N, Kremer D, Ruščić M, Nazlić M, Dunkić V. Isolation of Volatile Compounds by Microwave-Assisted Extraction from Six Veronica Species and Testing of Their Antiproliferative and Apoptotic Activities. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3244. [PMID: 37765408 PMCID: PMC10535125 DOI: 10.3390/plants12183244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the differences in the chemical composition of the essential oils and hydrosols of six different Veronica species (V. agrestis, V. anagalloides, V. austriaca ssp. jacquinii, V. beccabunga, Veronica cymbalaria, and V. officinalis) and to test their antiproliferative and apoptotic activities, according to the authors' knowledge, because of insufficient research and lack of information. Also, the goal was to determine which obtained samples were better in achieving antiproliferative and apoptotic activities and due to which volatile components. Therefore, essential oils (EOs) and hydrosols (HYs) were isolated from the above-mentioned Veronica species by microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). Phytochemical identification of the free volatile compounds was performed using a GC equipped with a flame ionization detector and a mass spectrometer. Their antiproliferative and apoptotic activities against two human cancer cell lines, breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 and bladder cancer cell line T24, were determined. The main compounds identified in the studied Veronica EOs and HYs were terpinen-4-ol (0.34-6.49%), linalool (0.34-6.61%), (E)-caryophyllene (0.97-7.55%), allo-aromadendrene (0.18-2.21%), caryophyllene oxide (1.42-23.83%), benzene acetaldehyde (0.26-13.34%), and β-ionone (1.08-16.53%). In general, HYs of the tested Veronica species showed higher antiproliferative activity (IC50 13.41-42.05%) compared to EOs (IC50 158.1-970.4 µg/mL) on MDA-MB-231 and T24 cancer cell lines after 48 and 72 h. V. agrestis EO showed the best apoptotic effect among the EOs on the MDA-MB-231 cancer cell line (10.47 ± 0.53% and 9.06 ± 0.74% of early/late apoptosis, compared with control 3.61 ± 0.62% and 0.80 ± 0.17% of early/late apoptosis, respectively) and among the HYs V. cymbalaria showed 9.95 ± 1.05% and 3.06 ± 0.28% of early/late apoptosis and V. anagalloides 8.29 ± 1.09% and 1.95 ± 0.36% of early/late apoptosis compared with control (for EO was 7.45 ± 1.01% and 0.54 ± 0.25%, and for HY was 4.91 ± 1.97% and 0.70 ± 0.09% of early/late apoptosis, respectively) on the T24 cancer cell line. Future research will include other Croatian species of the genus Veronica to gain a more complete insight into the biological activity of the volatile products of this genus for potential discovery of drugs based on natural plant extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Vrca
- Faculty of Science, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 33, 21000 Split, Croatia; (I.V.); (M.R.); (M.N.)
| | - Vedrana Čikeš Čulić
- School of Medicine, University of Split, Šoltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia; (V.Č.Č.); (M.L.)
| | - Mirela Lozić
- School of Medicine, University of Split, Šoltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia; (V.Č.Č.); (M.L.)
| | - Niko Dunkić
- Practice of General Medicine, Antuna Gustava Matoša 2, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Dario Kremer
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Ante Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Mirko Ruščić
- Faculty of Science, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 33, 21000 Split, Croatia; (I.V.); (M.R.); (M.N.)
| | - Marija Nazlić
- Faculty of Science, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 33, 21000 Split, Croatia; (I.V.); (M.R.); (M.N.)
| | - Valerija Dunkić
- Faculty of Science, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 33, 21000 Split, Croatia; (I.V.); (M.R.); (M.N.)
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Pasdaran A, Hamedi A, Shiehzadeh S, Hamedi A. A review of citrus plants as functional foods and dietary supplements for human health, with an emphasis on meta-analyses, clinical trials, and their chemical composition. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 54:311-336. [PMID: 36963879 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Fruits, flowers, leaves, essential oils, hydrosols, and juices of citrus spp. Are utilized to prepare various forms of food products. Along with their nutritional values, in the health industry, different parts of the plants of the citrus genus have been used as supplements or remedies to prevent or control diseases. This review focused on reported meta-analyses and clinical trials on the health benefits of citrus plants as functional foods. Also, chemical compounds of various citrus species were reviewed. The following information sources were used for data collection: Google Scholar, the Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed. Various keywords, including "citrus AND chemical compounds," "citrus AND phytochemicals," "citrus species," "citrus AND meta-analysis," "nutritional and therapeutical values of citrus spp.," "clinical trials AND citrus," "clinical trials AND Rutaceae," "health benefits of citrus spp.," "citrus edible or non-edible applications," and scientific names of the citrus plants were utilized to collect data for the review. The scientific name and common name of all twenty-eight citrus species, along with any of the above keywords, were also searched in the mentioned databases. Scientific papers and data sources were sought to review and discuss the citrus plant's nutritional and therapeutic importance. Several meta-analyses and clinical trials have reported beneficial effects of citrus spices on a variety of cancer risks, cardiovascular risk factors, neurologic disorders, urinary tract conditions, and gastrointestinal tract conditions. They have shown anxiolytic, antimicrobial, and pain-alleviating effects. Some of them can be helpful in managing obesity and cardiovascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ardalan Pasdaran
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Azar Hamedi
- School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sara Shiehzadeh
- Student Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Azadeh Hamedi
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Ürgeová E, Uváčková Ľ, Vaneková M, Maliar T. Antibacterial Potential of Microwave-Assisted Extraction Prepared Hydrolates from Different Salvia Species. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1325. [PMID: 36987013 PMCID: PMC10052211 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Salvia is a widely used herb that also contains essential oils and other valuable compounds. In this work, the hydrolates of five Salvia sp. were evaluated for their potential antimicrobial and antioxidant activity against four bacterial strains. The hydrolates were obtained from fresh leaves by microwave-assisted extraction. Chemical composition analysis by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry revealed that their major constituents were isopulegol (38.2-57.1%), 1,8-cineole (4.7-19.6%), and thujone (5.6-14.1%). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the plant hydrolates was tested by the microdilution method at concentrations ranging from 1.0 to 512 μg/mL. The hydrolates prepared from Salvia officinalis and S. sclarea showed inhibitory activity on the tested Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, taxon Salvia nemorosa showed inhibitory activity only partially. The hydrolate of S. divinorum had practically no antibacterial effect. Enterobacter asburiae was the only bacterium for which we found sensitivity to the hydrolate of S. aethiopis, with a MIC50 value of 216.59 µL/mL. The antioxidant activity of the hydrolates was low, ranging from 6.4 to 23.3%. Therefore, salvia hydrolates could be used as antimicrobial agents in medicine, cosmetics, and food preservation.
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Nazlić M, Akrap K, Kremer D, Dunkić V. Hydrosols of Veronica Species -Natural Source of Free Volatile Compounds with Potential Pharmacological Interest. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:1378. [PMID: 36355550 PMCID: PMC9695910 DOI: 10.3390/ph15111378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, free volatile compounds (FVCs) were isolated from the water fractions (hydrosols) of 10 Croatian Veronica species obtained by hydrodistillation (HD) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). The use of different isolation techniques is important for the analysis of the influence of extraction conditions on the qualitative and quantitative composition of the isolated constituents. The composition of the hydrosols was analyzed using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The compounds β-ionone and benzene acetaldehyde were detected in all 10 Veronica hydrosols studied. E-caryophyllene was also identified in all isolates except the MAE isolate of V. arvensis L. Caryophyllene oxide was isolated in all isolates apart from the HD isolate of V. catenata Pennell. (E)-β-Damascenone is significantly present in all isolates except the MAE isolates of V. catanata and V. cymbalaria Bodard. In these two species, α-muurolol was identified in a high percentage. The same basic phytochemical constituents and compounds characteristic of a given Veronica species suggest the importance of further research. Antioxidant activity was tested for all extracts using two methods, ORAC and DPPH. Therefore, it is crucial to identify as many specialized metabolites from Veronica species as possible, especially hydrosols, which are natural products of potential pharmacological interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Nazlić
- Faculty of Science, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 33, HR-21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Karla Akrap
- Faculty of Science, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 33, HR-21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Dario Kremer
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Valerija Dunkić
- Faculty of Science, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 33, HR-21000 Split, Croatia
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Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Plant Hydrosol and Its Potential Application in Cosmeceutical Products. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2022. [DOI: 10.5812/jjnpp-124018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Hydrosol is a residual product from the steam or hydro distillation process of abundant types of plants. It can be separated from the essential oil mixture by the liquid-liquid extraction process. Hydrosols from a variety of plants are becoming increasingly popular in cosmetology, aromatherapy, traditional pharmacy, and food sector; thus, their prospective applications should be further explored. Evidence Acquisition: Hydrosol may generally contain chemicals such as alcohol, ketone, and ester. Based on the previous studies using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis, linalool, carvacrol, and α-terpineol are the major chemicals present in plant hydrosol. Results: The chemical composition is either showing antimicrobial or antioxidant properties. The antioxidant properties are important in cosmeceutical products to prevent oxidation of the cosmetic ingredients, while the antimicrobial properties maintain the quality of the cosmetics. Hitherto, hydrosol usage is still unfamiliar in the market, but several cosmetic products have been formulated using hydrosol, such as shampoo, soap, and conditioner. Conclusions: This work will review the hydrosol compound from plants, extraction methods, chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, and the potential of hydrosol in cosmeceutical application.
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Hamedi A, Bayat M, Asemani Y, Amirghofran Z. A review of potential anti-cancer properties of some selected medicinal plants grown in Iran. J Herb Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2022.100557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Jakubczyk K, Tuchowska A, Janda-Milczarek K. Plant hydrolates - Antioxidant properties, chemical composition and potential applications. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:112033. [PMID: 34416628 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrolates, are by-products of the hydrodistillation of plants. They consist of the distillation water in which very small amounts of essential oils remain dispersed. Hydrosols are widely used in cosmetics. One of the greatest challenges in skin care, whether it is healthy or affected by a pathological condition, is how to minimize oxidative stress. Extract also lend themselves to applications in the agri-food industry, to inhibit the development of pathological microorganisms in food and to remove biofilms constituting a threat to public health in food, pharmaceuticals and beauty products. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the antioxidant potential of hydrosols available in the cosmetics market, taking into account for the first time in scientific literature not only plant species, but also origin (country, farming system, part of plant) and method of preservation. Antioxidant activity, expressed as percentage inhibition of DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and content of polyphenolic compounds (Folin-Ciocalteu method), was determined in seventeen hydrosols by spectrophotometric methods. Antioxidant potential was in the range of 4.43-39.87% of DPPH radical inhibition and 1325.65-5794.38 µM Fe(II)/L. Total phenolic content (TPC) in the hydrosols amounted to 9.33-44.23 mg GAE/L, while total flavonoid content (TFC) ranged from 1.48 to 14.82 mg rutin/L. The hydrosols had a pH in the range of 3.31-5.42. Conclusions: Plant hydrosols appear to have a high antioxidant potential, which depends on not only the plant species, but also its origin, part of the plant from which the hydrosol was obtained and the preservation method used in the finished product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Jakubczyk
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 24 Broniewskiego Street, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Tuchowska
- Department of Studies in Aesthetic Dermatology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 72, Powstańców Wielkopolskich Street, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Janda-Milczarek
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 24 Broniewskiego Street, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland.
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Garzoli S, Laghezza Masci V, Franceschi S, Tiezzi A, Giacomello P, Ovidi E. Headspace/GC-MS Analysis and Investigation of Antibacterial, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activity of Essential Oils and Hydrolates from Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Lavandula angustifolia Miller. Foods 2021; 10:foods10081768. [PMID: 34441545 PMCID: PMC8392121 DOI: 10.3390/foods10081768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, essential oils (EOs) and hydrolates (Hys) of Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Lavandula angustifolia Mill., grown in Tuscany (Italy), were studied to describe their chemical composition and biological activities. The aromatic profile of the EOs liquid phase was carried out by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), while the volatile composition of vapor phase EOs and Hys was performed by headspace (HS)/GC–MS. The obtained results show that monoterpene hydrocarbons (71.5% and 89.5%) were the main compounds, followed by oxygenated monoterpenes (26.0% and 10.5%) in the liquid and vapor phase of R. officinalis EO, respectively. The oxygenated monoterpenes were the main components of L. angustifolia EO, reaching 86.9% in the liquid phase and 53.7% in the vapor phase. Regarding Hys, they consisted only of oxygenated monoterpenes, and 1,8-cineole (56.2%) and linalool (42.9%), were the main components of R. officinalis and L. officinalis Hys, respectively. Their cytotoxicity was investigated on an SHSY5Y neuroblastoma cell line by thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) test, showing a notable effect of the EOs with a time-independent manner of activity and half maximal effective concentration (EC50) values quite similar for the two plant species (from 0.05% to 0.06% v/v for the three time points evaluated). A measurable activity of Hys was also obtained although with higher EC50 values. The antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC® 25922, Pseudomonas fluorescens ATCC® 13525, Acinetobacter bohemicus DSM 102855 as Gram-negative bacteria and Kocuria marina DSM 16420, Bacillus cereus ATCC® 10876 as Gram-positive bacteria, was evaluated by the agar disk-diffusion method and the VPT (vapor phase test) to determinate the MIC (minimal inhibitory concentration) and the MBC (minimal bactericidal concentration) values. Both EOs possessed a high activity against all the bacterial strains with MIC values ranging from 0.19% to 3.13% v/v. Unlike EOs, Hys did not show an inhibition of the bacterial growth at the tested concentrations. Furthermore, antioxidant power was measured by 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt-based (ABTS•+) and the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays, showing a remarkable ability to reduce radicals by both EOs; Hys were slightly less active. The findings highlighted that R. officinalis and L. angustifolia EOs and Hys have a chemical composition rich in bioactive molecules, which can exert different biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Garzoli
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Valentina Laghezza Masci
- Department for the Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forestal Systems, Tuscia University, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (V.L.M.); (A.T.); (E.O.)
| | - Sara Franceschi
- Department of Economics and Statistics, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Antonio Tiezzi
- Department for the Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forestal Systems, Tuscia University, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (V.L.M.); (A.T.); (E.O.)
| | - Pierluigi Giacomello
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Elisa Ovidi
- Department for the Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forestal Systems, Tuscia University, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (V.L.M.); (A.T.); (E.O.)
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12
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Sakhteman A, Pasdaran A, Afifi M, Hamedi A. An Assay on the Possible Effect of Essential Oil Constituents on Receptors Involved in Women's Hormonal Health and Reproductive System Diseases. J Evid Based Integr Med 2021; 25:2515690X20932527. [PMID: 32567329 PMCID: PMC7309338 DOI: 10.1177/2515690x20932527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aromatic herbal remedies, hydrosols, and essential oils are widely used for women's hormonal health. Scientific investigation of their major constituents may prevent unwanted infertility cases, fetal abnormalities, and drug-herb interactions. It also may lead to development of new medications. A list of 265 volatile molecules (mainly monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes) were prepared from a literature survey in Scopus and PubMed (2000-2019) on hydrosols and essential oils that are used for women's hormonal and reproductive health conditions. The PDB (protein data bank) files of the receptors (136 native PDB files) that involve with oxytocin, progesterone, estrogen, prolactin, acetyl choline, androgen, dopamine, human chorionic gonadotropin, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, aromatase, and HER2 receptors were downloaded from Protein Data Bank. An in silico study using AutoDock 4.2 and Vina in parallel mode was performed to investigate possible interactions of the ligands with the receptors. Drug likeliness was investigated for the most active molecules using DruLiTo software. Aristola-1(10),8-diene, bergapten (5-methoxypsoralen), α-bergamotene, bicyclogermacrene, α-bisabolol oxide A, α-bisabolone oxide, p-cymen-8-ol, 10-epi elemol, α-elemol, β-eudesmol, 7-epi-β-eudesmol, ficusin, β-humulene, methyl jasmonate, nerolidol, pinocarvone, (+)-spathulenol, and thujone had better interactions with some androgen, aromatase, estrogen, progesterone, HER2, AChR, and/or dopamine receptors. Most of these molecules had an acceptable drug likeliness except for α-bergamotene, bicyclogermacrene, β-humulene, and aristola-1(10),8-diene. Some volatile natural molecules can be considered as lead compound for drug development to treat hormonal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Sakhteman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ardalan Pasdaran
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Afifi
- Student Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Azadeh Hamedi
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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13
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Šilha D, Švarcová K, Bajer T, Královec K, Tesařová E, Moučková K, Pejchalová M, Bajerová P. Chemical Composition of Natural Hydrolates and Their Antimicrobial Activity on Arcobacter-Like Cells in Comparison with Other Microorganisms. Molecules 2020; 25:E5654. [PMID: 33266263 PMCID: PMC7730011 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrolates obtained via the hydrodistillation and steam distillation of Lavandulaangustifolia Mill., Syzygiumaromaticum L., Foeniculumvulgare Mill., and Laurusnobilis L. were analyzed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Additionally, the hydrolates were evaluated for antimicrobial activity (disk-diffusion and microdilution method), influence on biofilm formation (Christensen method) and cytotoxicity of concentrated hydrolates against human cell lines (A549) by xCELLigence system. Using chemical analysis, 48, 9, 13 and 33 different components were detected in lavender, clove, fennel and laurel hydrolates, respectively. Lavender hydrolate contained the largest proportion of 1,8-cineol, linalool furanoxide, and linalool. The main components of laurel hydrolate were 1,8-cineol, 4-terpineol and α-terpineol. Fenchone and estragole were the most abundant in fennel hydrolate, and eugenol and eugenyl acetate in clove hydrolate. Concentrated hydrolates showed significant antimicrobial activity. Clove hydrolate was among the most antimicrobially active agents, most preferably against C. albicans, with an inhibition zone up to 23.5 mm. Moreover, concentrated hydrolates did not show any cytotoxic effect again8 st human A549 cells. In the presence of the non-concentrated hydrolates, significantly reduced biofilm formation was observed; however, with concentrated clove hydrolate, there was an increase in biofilm formation, e.g., of A. thereius, A. lanthieri, and A. butzleri. Research shows new findings about hydrolates that may be important in natural medicine or for preservation purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Šilha
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic; (K.Š.); (K.K.); (E.T.); (M.P.)
| | - Karolína Švarcová
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic; (K.Š.); (K.K.); (E.T.); (M.P.)
| | - Tomáš Bajer
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic; (T.B.); (K.M.)
| | - Karel Královec
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic; (K.Š.); (K.K.); (E.T.); (M.P.)
| | - Eliška Tesařová
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic; (K.Š.); (K.K.); (E.T.); (M.P.)
| | - Kristýna Moučková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic; (T.B.); (K.M.)
| | - Marcela Pejchalová
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic; (K.Š.); (K.K.); (E.T.); (M.P.)
| | - Petra Bajerová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic; (T.B.); (K.M.)
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14
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Hamedi A, Sakhteman A, Moheimani SM. An In Silico Approach Towards Investigation of Possible Effects of Essential Oils Constituents on Receptors Involved in Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD) and Associated Risk Factors (Diabetes Mellitus and Hyperlipidemia). Cardiovasc Hematol Agents Med Chem 2020; 19:32-42. [PMID: 32386501 DOI: 10.2174/1871524920666200510013039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM Aromatherapy products, hydrosol beverages and distillates containing essential oils are widely used for cardiovascular conditions. Investigation of the possible activity of their major constituents with the cardiovascular-related receptors may lead to developing new therapeutics. It also may prevent unwanted side effects and drug-herb interactions. MATERIALS AND METHODS A list of 243 volatile molecules (mainly monoterpene and sesquiterpene) was prepared from a literature survey in Scopus and PubMed (2000-2019) on hydrosols and essential oils which are used for Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD) and its risk factors (diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia). The PDB files of the receptors (229 native PDB files) included alpha-glucosidase, angiotensin- converting enzymes, beta-2 adrenergic receptor, glucocorticoid, HMG-CoA reductase, insulin, mineralocorticoid, potassium channel receptors and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptoralpha, were downloaded from Protein Data Bank. An in silico study using AutoDock 4.2 and Vina in parallel mode was performed to investigate possible interaction of the molecules with the receptors. Drug likeliness of the most active molecules was investigated using DruLiTo software. RESULTS Spathulenol, bisabolol oxide A, bisabolone oxide, bergapten, bergamotene, dill apiole, pcymene, methyl jasmonate, pinocarveol, intermedeol, α-muurolol, S-camphor, ficusin, selinen-4-ol, iso-dihydrocarveol acetate, 3-thujanone, linanool oxide and cadinol isomers made a better interaction with some of the named receptors. All of the named molecules had an acceptable dug likeliness except for α-bergamotene. In addition, all of the named molecules had the ability to pass the bloodbrain barrier and it is possible to produce unwanted side effects. CONCLUSION Some ingredients of essential oils might be active on cardiovascular-related receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Hamedi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sakhteman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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15
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Salehi B, Selamoglu Z, Sener B, Kilic M, Kumar Jugran A, de Tommasi N, Sinisgalli C, Milella L, Rajkovic J, Flaviana B Morais-Braga M, F Bezerra C, E Rocha J, D M Coutinho H, Oluwaseun Ademiluyi A, Khan Shinwari Z, Ahmad Jan S, Erol E, Ali Z, Adrian Ostrander E, Sharifi-Rad J, de la Luz Cádiz-Gurrea M, Taheri Y, Martorell M, Segura-Carretero A, Cho WC. Berberis Plants-Drifting from Farm to Food Applications, Phytotherapy, and Phytopharmacology. Foods 2019; 8:522. [PMID: 31652576 PMCID: PMC6836240 DOI: 10.3390/foods8100522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Berberis includes about 500 different species and commonly grown in Europe, the United States, South Asia, and some northern areas of Iran and Pakistan. Leaves and fruits can be prepared as food flavorings, juices, and teas. Phytochemical analysis of these species has reported alkaloids, tannins, phenolic compounds and oleanolic acid, among others. Moreover, p-cymene, limonene and ocimene as major compounds in essential oils were found by gas chromatography. Berberis is an important group of the plants having enormous potential in the food and pharmaceutical industry, since they possess several properties, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer activities. Here we would like to review the biological properties of the phytoconstituents of this genus. We emphasize the cultivation control in order to obtain the main bioactive compounds, the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties in order to apply them for food preservation and for treating several diseases, such as cancer, diabetes or Alzheimer. However, further study is needed to confirm the biological efficacy as well as, the toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahare Salehi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam 44340847, Iran.
| | - Zeliha Selamoglu
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Nigde Ömer Halisdemir University, Campus, 51240 Nigde, Turkey.
| | - Bilge Sener
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Mehtap Kilic
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Arun Kumar Jugran
- G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment and Sustainable Development, Garhwal Regional Centre, Srinagar 246174, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Nunziatina de Tommasi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy.
| | - Chiara Sinisgalli
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy.
| | - Luigi Milella
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy.
| | - Jovana Rajkovic
- Institute of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | | | - Camila F Bezerra
- Laboratory of Applied Micology of Cariri-LMAC, Regional University of Cariri-URCA, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil.
| | - Janaína E Rocha
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology-LMBM, Regional University of Cariri-URCA, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil.
| | - Henrique D M Coutinho
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology-LMBM, Regional University of Cariri-URCA, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil.
| | - Adedayo Oluwaseun Ademiluyi
- Functional Foods, Nutraceuticals and Phytomedicine Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure 340252, Nigeria.
| | - Zabta Khan Shinwari
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
- Department of Biotechnology, Hazara University Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 21120, Pakistan.
| | - Sohail Ahmad Jan
- Department of Biotechnology, Hazara University Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 21120, Pakistan.
| | - Ebru Erol
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla 48121, Turkey.
| | - Zulfiqar Ali
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA.
| | - Elise Adrian Ostrander
- Medical Illustration, Kendall College of Art and Design, Ferris State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49501, USA.
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft 7861756447, Iran.
| | - María de la Luz Cádiz-Gurrea
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.
- Research and Development Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Bioregión Building, Health Science Technological Park, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, 188016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Yasaman Taheri
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1991953381, Iran.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 11369, Iran.
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepcion, Concepcion 4070386, Chile.
- Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universidad de Concepción UDT, Concepcion 4070386, Chile.
| | - Antonio Segura-Carretero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.
- Research and Development Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Bioregión Building, Health Science Technological Park, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, 188016 Granada, Spain.
| | - William C Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, 30 Gascoigne Road, Hong Kong, China.
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16
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Hamedi A, Afifi M, Etemadfard H. Investigating Chemical Composition and Indications of Hydrosol Soft Drinks (Aromatic Waters) Used in Persian Folk Medicine for Women's Hormonal and Reproductive Health Conditions. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med 2017; 22:824-839. [PMID: 28701045 PMCID: PMC5871293 DOI: 10.1177/2156587217717413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrosol soft drinks in Persian nutrition culture are produced as side products of the essential oil industry to be used as safe remedies for treatment of some ailments. This study investigated hydrosols for women's hormonal health conditions. Detailed information was gathered by questionnaires. Chemical constituents of these mono- or poly-herbal hydrosols were identified after liquid/liquid extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Hierarchical cluster and K-means analysis (SPSS software) were used to find their relevance. A literature survey was also performed. In most cases, thymol, carvacrol, and carvone were the major constituents except for dill, white horehound, willow, Moderr, and yarrow hydrosols, whose their major components were dill ether, menthol, phenethyl alcohol, linalool, or camphor. Based on clustering methods, some similarities could be found in their constituents with some exceptions. None of them have been studied scientifically before. These investigations may lead to the development of some functional drinks or even new lead components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Hamedi
- 1 Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,2 Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Afifi
- 3 Student Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hamed Etemadfard
- 1 Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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17
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Hamedi A, Pasdaran A, Zebarjad Z, Moein M. A Survey on Chemical Constituents and Indications of Aromatic Waters Soft Drinks (Hydrosols) Used in Persian Nutrition Culture and Folk Medicine for Neurological Disorders and Mental Health. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med 2017. [PMID: 28633539 PMCID: PMC5871290 DOI: 10.1177/2156587217714145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In Persian nutrition culture, drinking aromatic waters (hydrosols, distillate) has a long history as functional beverages or therapeutic remedies. The co-distilled water with essential oils, which contains partial amounts of more water-soluble volatile compounds are diluted and used as beverages. Since the solubility of volatile components is different in water, the overall composition, and thus the biological activities of aromatic waters seem to be different from the essential oils they were co-distilled with. Despite the essential oils, chemical constituents of many aromatic waters have not been evaluated scientifically. This research investigated hydrosols used for mental and neurological health maintenance in Persian nutrition culture and their chemical constituents. Constitutions of these hydrosols were extracted by liquid/liquid extraction method and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Furthermore, cluster analysis was used to evaluate the relevance of these hydrosols chemical constituents. About 93 compounds were identified from 20 aromatic waters. the major or second major constituents were thymol (azarol howthorn, frankincense, lemon balm, valerian, shadab), phenethyl alcohol (damask rose, dog-rose, starflower), carvacrol (basil, creeping buttercup, lemon balm); eugenol (shadab, dog-rose, starflower, basil), camphor (yarrow and wormwood), carvone (oriental plane), caryophyllene (cuminum), cinnamaldehyde (Chinese cinnamon), p-cymen-7-ol (musk willow), limonene (lemon verbena), linalool and α-terpineol (bitter orange), menthol (date palm) and methyl 5-vinylnicotinate (olive). Although, these hydrosols prepared from plants belong to different genus and families, but cluster analysis showed obvious similarities between their chemical constituents. Results of this investigation showed in many cases that the constituents of aromatic waters are different from the pure essential oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Hamedi
- 1 Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ardalan Pasdaran
- 1 Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Zebarjad
- 1 Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahmoodreza Moein
- 1 Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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