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Shelke O, Susarla KPC, Bankar M. Understand the Stabilization Engineering of Ascorbic Acid, Mapping the Scheme for Stabilization, and Advancement. AAPS PharmSciTech 2024; 25:159. [PMID: 38987438 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-024-02882-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitamin C is extensively used in cosmetic formulation, howbeit stability is the supreme demerit that limits its use in beautifying products. Numerous techniques are being employed to inhibit the degradation of vitamin C caused by formulation components to facilitate the use in skin rejuvenating products. Diverse materials are being exercised in formulation to stabilize the ascorbic acid and ingredients selected in this formulation composition help for stabilization. The initial stable prototype is developed and further optimization is accomplished by applying the design of experiment tools. The stable pharmaceutical formulations were evaluated for the evaluation parameters and designated as two optimized formulations. The analytical method for the assay of ascorbic acid from the United States pharmacopeia and the related substance method from European pharmacopeia has been modified to be used for cream formulation. The DoE design exhibited that the stability of formulation is impacted by citric acid and tartaric acid but not by propylene glycol and glycerin. The analysis results of topical formulations for the evaluation parameter exhibited satisfactory results. The in-vitro release study method has been developed, optimized, and validated to fit the analysis. The in-vitro studies have been performed for selected compositions and both the formulation has similar kinds of release patterns. The stability study as per ICH guidelines exhibited that the product is stable for accelerated, intermediate, and room-temperature storage conditions. The optimized formulation shows constant release and permeation of ascorbic acid through the skin. The formulation with the combinations of citric acid, tartaric acid, and tocopherol is more stable and the degradation of vitamin C has been reduced significantly. The beaucoup strategies in the unique composition help to protect the degradation by inhibiting the multitudinous degradation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Om Shelke
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Pacific Academy of Higher Education and Research University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India.
- Formulation and Development, Sinomune Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Wuxi, China.
| | | | - Manish Bankar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shri Veerbhadreshwar Education Trust's College of Pharmacy, Humnabad, Karnataka, India
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Reconstructed Human Epidermis: An Alternative Approach for In Vitro Bioequivalence Testing of Topical Products. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081554. [PMID: 35893811 PMCID: PMC9331624 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of in vitro human skin permeation tests is of value when addressing the quality and equivalence of topical drug products in Europe and the US. Human skin is the membrane of choice for these studies. The use of human skin as a membrane is hindered by limited access, high variability of results, and limited applicability for drugs with low skin permeability. Reconstructed human epidermis (RhE) models are validated as skin surrogates for safety tests and have been explored for percutaneous absorption testing. Clotrimazole poorly permeates human skin and is widely available for topical treatments. In this study, clotrimazole creams were used to test the ability of RhE to be used as biological membrane for bioequivalence testing, based on the Draft Guideline on Quality and Equivalence of Topical Products (CHMP/QWP/708282/2018) using a discriminative and modified in vitro permeation test (IVPT). To fulfill the validation of a discriminatory method, Canesten® 10 mg/g cream was compared with a test product with the same drug strength, along with two “negative controls” dosed at a 50% and 200% drug strength. Products were compared in finite dose conditions, regarding maximal flux (Jmax) and the total amount of drug permeated (Atotal). The results showed the discriminatory power of the method among the three drug strengths with no interference of the placebo formulation. The study design and validation complied with the requirements established in the guideline for a valid IVPT. This new test system allowed for the equivalence comparison between test and comparator product. Higher permeability of the RhE compared to human skin could be observed. This arose as a strength of the model for this modified IVPT bioequivalence testing, since comparing permeation profiles among products is envisaged instead of drawing absolute conclusions on skin permeation extent. These results may support the acceptance of RhE as biological membranes for modified IVPT in bioequivalence testing of topical products.
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Zhang J, Yang Y, Ashraf M, Cruz CN, Lee S, Faustino PJ. An advanced automation platform coupled with mass spectrometry for investigating in vitro human skin permeation of UV filters and excipients in sunscreen products. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2022; 36:e9273. [PMID: 35178789 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Systemic absorption of UV-filtering chemicals following topical application of sunscreens may present a safety concern. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) had recommended an in vitro skin permeation test (IVPT) to evaluate the potential of this safety risk for the evaluation of sunscreens prior to clinical studies. Therefore, a sensitive and robust bioanalytical method(s) were required for IVPT studies of different topical sunscreen products. METHODS An analytical procedure to quantitate sunscreen UV-filtering components and excipients in IVPT samples including avobenzone, octocrylene, oxybenzone, ecamsule, methylparaben and propylparaben was developed employing a RapidFire 360 robotic sample delivery system coupled with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. The analytical procedure was developed and validated according to the requirements of the FDA Bioanalytical Method Validation Guidance for Industry (2018). RESULTS The analytical method provided a turnaround time of 12 seconds per sample and was determined to be accurate, precise, specific, and linear over the corresponding analytical ranges. The validated method was successfully applied for two IVPT studies for evaluating the skin permeation potential of UV-filtering chemicals and assisting with the selection of the sunscreen products for the clinical study conducted by the FDA. CONCLUSIONS This work highlights the first analytical procedure that has applied a non-chromatographic-MS/MS automation platform to an in vitro biopharmaceutics study. The analytical platform simultaneously quantitated four UV filters and two excipients in complex media to evaluate their permeation in IVPT studies. The sample throughput and analytical performance of advanced automation platforms indicate their analytical procedure has the potential to significantly advance the efficiency of IVPT studies to evaluate permeation of a wide variety of UV chemical filters and excipients for topical OTC sunscreen products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Zhang
- Division of Product Quality Research, Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Testing and Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Yang Yang
- Division of Product Quality Research, Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Testing and Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Division of Product Quality Research, Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Testing and Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Celia N Cruz
- Division of Product Quality Research, Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Testing and Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Sau Lee
- Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Patrick J Faustino
- Division of Product Quality Research, Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Testing and Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
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Tsakalozou E, Alam K, Babiskin A, Zhao L. Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling to Support Determination of Bioequivalence for Dermatological Drug Products: Scientific and Regulatory Considerations. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2021; 111:1036-1049. [PMID: 34231211 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling and simulation provides mechanism-based predictions of the pharmacokinetics of an active ingredient following its administration in humans. Dermal PBPK models describe the skin permeation and disposition of the active ingredient following the application of a dermatological product on the skin of virtual healthy and diseased human subjects. These models take into account information on product quality attributes, physicochemical properties of the active ingredient and skin (patho)physiology, and their interplay with each other. Regulatory and product development decision makers can leverage these quantitative tools to identify factors impacting local and systemic exposure. In the realm of generic drug products, the number of US Food and Drug Administratioin (FDA) interactions that use dermal PBPK modeling to support alternative bioequivalence (BE) approaches is increasing. In this report, we share scientific considerations on the development, verification and validation (V&V), and application of PBPK models within the context of a virtual BE assessment for dermatological drug products. We discuss the challenges associated with model V&V for these drug products stemming from the fact that target-site active ingredient concentrations are typically not measurable. Additionally, there are no established relationships between local and systemic PK profiles, when the latter are quantifiable. To that end, we detail a multilevel model V&V approach involving validation for the model of the drug product of interest coupled with the overall assessment of the modeling platform in use while leveraging in vitro and in vivo data related to local and systemic bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftheria Tsakalozou
- Division of Quantitative Methods and Modeling (DQMM), Office of Research and Standards (ORS), Office of Generic Drugs (OGD), Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Khondoker Alam
- Division of Quantitative Methods and Modeling (DQMM), Office of Research and Standards (ORS), Office of Generic Drugs (OGD), Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrew Babiskin
- Division of Quantitative Methods and Modeling (DQMM), Office of Research and Standards (ORS), Office of Generic Drugs (OGD), Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Liang Zhao
- Division of Quantitative Methods and Modeling (DQMM), Office of Research and Standards (ORS), Office of Generic Drugs (OGD), Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
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Yang Y, Ako-Adounvo AM, Wang J, Zhang J, Willett D, Yilmaz H, Korang-Yeboah M, Hsu HJ, Wang J, Coelho SG, Adah SA, Michele TM, Faustino PJ, Cruz CN, Lee S, Ashraf M. In Vitro Testing of Sunscreens for Dermal Absorption: A Platform for Product Selection for Maximal Usage Clinical Trials. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 140:2487-2495. [PMID: 32353451 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Sunscreen products contain UV filters as active ingredients for the protection of the skin against UVR. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a new proposed rule in 2019 (84.FR.6204) for sunscreens and identified the need for additional safety data for certain UV filters including their dermal absorption data. Dermal absorption data reveal systemic exposure of UV filters in humans, which can be obtained from clinical maximal usage trials. FDA guidance recommends conducting in vitro skin permeation tests (IVPTs) to help select formulations for maximal usage clinical trials as IVPT results may be indicative of in vivo absorption. This case study reports in vitro methodologies used for the selection of sunscreen products for an FDA-sponsored proof-of-concept maximal usage clinical trial. An IVPT method was developed using human cadaver skin. Commercially available sunscreen products were tested to determine the skin absorption potential of common UV filters using the IVPT. All the studied sunscreen products demonstrated a certain degree of skin absorption of UV filters using IVPT, and a formulation rank order was obtained. These sunscreen products were also characterized for several formulation properties including the globule size in emulsions, which was found to be an indicator for the rank order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Division of Product Quality Research, Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, FDA, Maryland, USA.
| | - Ann-Marie Ako-Adounvo
- Division of Product Quality Research, Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, FDA, Maryland, USA
| | - Jiang Wang
- Division of Product Quality Research, Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, FDA, Maryland, USA
| | - Jinhui Zhang
- Division of Product Quality Research, Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, FDA, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniel Willett
- Division of Complex Drug Analysis, Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, FDA, Missouri, USA
| | - Huzeyfe Yilmaz
- Division of Complex Drug Analysis, Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, FDA, Missouri, USA
| | - Maxwell Korang-Yeboah
- Division of Product Quality Research, Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, FDA, Maryland, USA
| | - Hao-Jui Hsu
- Division of Product Quality Research, Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, FDA, Maryland, USA
| | - Jian Wang
- Office of Drug Evaluation IV, Office New Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, FDA, Maryland, USA
| | - Sergio G Coelho
- Division of Nonprescription Drug Products, Office of Drug Evaluation IV, Office New Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, FDA, Maryland, USA
| | - Steven A Adah
- Division of Nonprescription Drug Products, Office of Drug Evaluation IV, Office New Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, FDA, Maryland, USA
| | - Theresa M Michele
- Division of Nonprescription Drug Products, Office of Drug Evaluation IV, Office New Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, FDA, Maryland, USA
| | - Patrick J Faustino
- Division of Product Quality Research, Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, FDA, Maryland, USA
| | - Celia N Cruz
- Division of Product Quality Research, Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, FDA, Maryland, USA
| | - Sau Lee
- Division of Product Quality Research, Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, FDA, Maryland, USA
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Division of Product Quality Research, Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, FDA, Maryland, USA
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