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Patel J, Dincer A, Wiepert L, Karimi H, Wang A, Kanter M, Olmos M, Yang M, Kosarchuk JJ, Kryzanski J, Riesenburger RI. Erector Spinae Plane Block Placement Utilizing Fluoroscopic Guidance Improves Efficiency in Lumbar Surgery. World Neurosurg 2024; 185:e886-e892. [PMID: 38453008 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2024.02.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The erector spinae plane block (ESPB) is a novel regional analgesic technique which improves postoperative outcomes in lumbar surgery patients including length of hospitalization, days to ambulation, and postoperative opioid use. Traditionally, the block is administered by anesthesiologists trained in the ultrasound guidance technique. The use of fluoroscopic guidance may improve the efficiency and accessibility of the ESPB for spine surgeons. We aim to measure the time to administer an ESPB using fluoroscopic guidance and localize the anesthetic using intraoperative three-dimensional (3D) imaging. METHODS Two neurosurgeons administered an ESPB to patients undergoing lumbar surgery. Time from insertion of the spinal needle to localize the erector spinae plane using C-arm guidance to time of complete injection and removal of the needle from the skin was recorded. One patient underwent O-arm imaging following injection of an Isovue-Exparel solution at the L3 level to visualize spread of the anesthetic. RESULTS A total of 21 patients were enrolled in this study. The average duration to perform an ESPB under fluoroscopic guidance was 1.2 minutes. The Isovue-Exparel solution was injected at the L3 level and was well distributed along the ESP on intraoperative O-arm imaging. The anesthetic dissected the erector spinae muscle from the transverse process at L2, L3, and L4. CONCLUSIONS Fluoroscopic guidance allows efficient and appropriate delivery of the anesthetic to the erector spinae plane. Performing an ESPB with fluoroscopic guidance improves efficiency and accessibility of the analgesic technique for spine surgeons, reducing dependence on anesthesiology personnel trained in administering the block.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jainith Patel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alper Dincer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Liana Wiepert
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Helen Karimi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andy Wang
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Matthew Kanter
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michelle Olmos
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jacob J Kosarchuk
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - James Kryzanski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ron I Riesenburger
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Robertson SC, Kamm C, Ashley M. Fluoroscopic Guided Lumbar Erector Spinae (ESP) Field Blocks: A New Technique and Radiographic Analysis. World Neurosurg 2024; 185:e1287-e1293. [PMID: 38521215 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2024.03.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lumbar Erector Spinae (ESP) field blocks have become a common postoperative treatment for surgical pain. The use of long-acting medications like liposomal bupivacaine (Exparel) has become a major component of multimodal postsurgical pain control. Traditionally ESP injections have been performed using ultrasound (U/S) guidance by an anesthesiologist. Spine surgeons have begun to utilize these liposomal injections in their procedures for postoperative pain management. Our study describes a fluoroscopic guided ESP field block technique which provides reproducible muscular coverage and pain control for spine surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixty patients undergoing single level lumbar fusion were treated preoperatively with bilateral fluoroscopically-guided lumbar erector spinae ESP field blocks with liposomal bupivacaine. We looked at 2 different injection locations involving the ESP or multifidus muscle fascial planes. The injections contained Iohexal, which was used to evaluate the coverage area of the injection. The levels of coverage were recorded, and postoperative pain control was measured immediately, postoperatively, and at 24 hours. RESULTS Fluoroscopic field blocks at the L3-4 level were found to provide at least 4 levels of vertebral coverage rostral-caudally in both ESP and MF fascial planes. Pain was well controlled in both injection sites. CONCLUSIONS Surgeon-administered fluoroscopic-guided ESP field blocks provided a reliable and consistent pattern of coverage with good postoperative pain control. This technique can be easily adopted by spine surgeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott C Robertson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Quincy Medical Group, Quincy, Illinois, USA.
| | - Christine Kamm
- Department of Health Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Mason Ashley
- Department of Health Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
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Wetmore DS, Dalal S, Shinn D, Shahi P, Vaishnav A, Chandra A, Melissaridou D, Beckman J, Albert TJ, Iyer S, Qureshi SA. Erector Spinae Plane Block Reduces Immediate Postoperative Pain and Opioid Demand After Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2024; 49:7-14. [PMID: 36940258 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000004581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Matched cohort comparison. OBJECTIVE To determine perioperative outcomes of erector spinae plane (ESP) block for minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MI-TLIF). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA There is a paucity of data on the impact of lumbar ESP block on perioperative outcomes and its safety in MI-TLIF. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients who underwent 1-level MI-TLIF and received the ESP block (group E ) were included. An age and sex-matched control group was selected from a historical cohort that received the standard-of-care (group NE). The primary outcome of this study was 24-hour opioid consumption in morphine milligram equivalents. Secondary outcomes were pain severity measured by a numeric rating scale, opioid-related side effects, and hospital length of stay. Outcomes were compared between the two groups. RESULTS Ninety-eight and 55 patients were included in the E and NE groups, respectively. There were no significant differences between the two cohorts in patient demographics. Group E had lower 24-hour postoperative opioid consumption ( P = 0.117, not significant), reduced opioid consumption on a postoperative day (POD) 0 ( P = 0.016), and lower first pain scores postsurgery ( P < 0.001). Group E had lower intraoperative opioid requirements ( P < 0.001), and significantly lower average numeric rating scale pain scores on POD 0 ( P = 0.034). Group E reported fewer opioid-related side effects as compared with group NE, although this was not statistically significant. The average highest postoperative pain score within 3 hours postprocedurally was 6.9 and 7.7 in the E and NE cohorts, respectively ( P = 0.029). The median length of stay was comparable between groups with the majority of patients in both groups being discharged on POD 1. CONCLUSIONS In our retrospective matched cohort, ESP blocks resulted in reduced opioid consumption and decreased pain scores on POD 0 in patients undergoing MI-TLIF. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 3.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniel Shinn
- Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sravisht Iyer
- Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Sheeraz A Qureshi
- Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
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Oezel L, Okano I, Hughes AP, Sarin M, Shue J, Sama AA, Cammisa FP, Girardi FP, Soffin EM. Longitudinal Trends of Patient Demographics and Morbidity of Different Approaches in Lumbar Interbody Fusion: An Analysis Using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Database. World Neurosurg 2022; 164:e183-e193. [PMID: 35472646 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.04.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were to determine the time trend of demographics, complications, and outcomes for patients undergoing posterior lumbar interbody fusion/transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF/TLIF) or anterior lumbar interbody fusion/lateral lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF/LLIF) and to compare the differences in the time trends between both procedures. METHODS The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was queried for patients undergoing PLIF/TLIF and ALIF/LLIF procedures. Outcomes were analyzed for differences between 2 time periods in the PLIF/TLIF and ALIF/LLIF cohorts separately (2009-2013 and 2015-2019). Longitudinal time trends of the 2 procedures were determined by difference-in-differences (DID) analysis. Statistical significance was defined as P < 0.05. RESULTS For both approaches, there was an increase in age and American Society of Anesthesiologists class over time, accompanied by a significant decrease in blood transfusions and morbidity. The DID analysis showed a greater change in age (DID:-1.8%; P < 0.001), and more patients were rated American Society of Anesthesiologists class 3 (DID: -2.4%; P = 0.033) in the ALIF/LLIF cohort than in the PLIF/TLIF cohort. Length of stay declined significantly over time in both cohorts, with a greater reduction observed for patients who underwent ALIF/LLIF than for patients who underwent PLIF/TLIF (DID: 0.2%; P = 0.014). There were no changes in readmission rates over time in either cohort (PLIF/TLIF DID: 0.6%; P = 0.080; ALIF/LLIF DID: -0.2%; P = 0.696). CONCLUSIONS Time trends for PLIF/TLIF and ALIF/LIIF showed a significant increase in the number of older patients with complex medical status undergoing surgery. Despite these trends, there were decreases in overall postoperative morbidity, incidence of blood transfusion, and length of stay, without increasing readmission. These results suggest general improvement in surgical and perioperative management of lumbar fusion over time with greater gains found in ALIF/LLIF-specific care than in PLIF/TLIF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Oezel
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Spine Care Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA; Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Ichiro Okano
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Spine Care Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alexander P Hughes
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Spine Care Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michele Sarin
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Spine Care Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA; Anesthesiology, Critical Care & Pain Management, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jennifer Shue
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Spine Care Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Andrew A Sama
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Spine Care Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Frank P Cammisa
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Spine Care Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Federico P Girardi
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Spine Care Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ellen M Soffin
- Anesthesiology, Critical Care & Pain Management, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA.
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Alshoubi A, Kim E. Fluoroscopic-guided erector spinae plane block for spine surgery. Saudi J Anaesth 2022; 16:229-231. [PMID: 35431726 PMCID: PMC9009578 DOI: 10.4103/sja.sja_694_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Erector spinae plane block (ESPB) is an ultrasound-guided block that can be also done under fluoroscopic guidance, which is usually used to manage postoperative pain of the thoracic and abdominal regions. We describe a successful Fluoroscopic-guided lumbar erector spinae plane block for lower back spinal surgery.
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Soffin EM, Okano I, Oezel L, Arzani A, Sama AA, Cammisa FP, Girardi FP, Hughes AP. Impact of ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block on outcomes after lumbar spinal fusion: a retrospective propensity score matched study of 242 patients. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2021; 47:79-86. [PMID: 34795027 DOI: 10.1136/rapm-2021-103199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We evaluated the impact of bilateral ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane blocks on pain and opioid-related outcomes within a standardized care pathway for lumbar fusion. METHODS A retrospective propensity score matched cohort study. Clinical data were extracted from the electronic medical records of patients who underwent lumbar fusion (January 2019-July 2020). Propensity score matching based on common confounders was used to match patients who received or did not receive blocks in a 1:1 ratio. Primary outcomes were Numeric Rating Scale pain scores (0-10) and opioid consumption (morphine equivalent dose) in the first 24 hours after surgery (median (IQR)). Secondary outcomes included length of stay and opioid-related side effects. RESULTS Of 1846 patients identified, 242 were matched and analyzed. Total 24-hour opioid consumption was significantly lower in the erector spinae plane block group (30 mg (0, 144); without-blocks: 45 mg (0, 225); p=0.03). There were no significant differences in pain scores in the postanesthesia care unit (with blocks: 4 (0, 9); without blocks: 4 (0,8); p=0.984) or on the nursing floor (with blocks: 4 (0,8); without blocks: 4 (0,8); p=0.134). Total length of stay was 5 hours shorter in the block group (76 hours (21, 411); without blocks: 81 (25, 268); p=0.001). Fewer patients who received blocks required postoperative antiemetic administration (with blocks: n=77 (64%); without blocks: n=97 (80%); p=0.006). CONCLUSIONS Erector spinae plane blocks were associated with clinically irrelevant reductions in 24-hour opioid consumption and no improvement in pain scores after lumbar fusion. The routine use of these blocks in the setting of a comprehensive care pathway for lumbar fusion may not be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen M Soffin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Management, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ichiro Okano
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Spine Care Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lisa Oezel
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Spine Care Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Artine Arzani
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Spine Care Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Andrew A Sama
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Spine Care Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Frank P Cammisa
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Spine Care Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Federico P Girardi
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Spine Care Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alexander P Hughes
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Spine Care Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
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Jadon A, Bakshi A. In Response to "Preoperative Fluoroscopically Guided Regional Erector Spinae Plane Blocks Reduce Opioid Use, Increase Mobilization, and Reduce Length of Stay Following Lumbar Spine Fusion" by Owen et al. Global Spine J 2021; 11:1315. [PMID: 34525870 PMCID: PMC8453669 DOI: 10.1177/21925682211024560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Jadon
- Tata Motors Hospital, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India,Ashok Jadon, Tata Motors Hospital, Telco Colony, Duplex-63, Vijaya Heritage phase-6, Kadma, Kharangajhar, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand 831005, India.
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