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Nezameslami A, Kankam SB, Mohammadi M, Mohamadi M, Mohammadi A, Lapevandani MM, Roohollahi F, Farahbahksh F, Khoshnevisan A, Chalif JI, Lu Y, Chi J. Prevalence, risk factors, natural history, and prognostic significance of Modic changes in the cervical spine: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of 12,754 participants. Neurosurg Rev 2024; 47:504. [PMID: 39207546 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-024-02570-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Modic changes (MCs) in the cervical spine are common, but remain an under-researched phenomenon, particularly regarding their prevalence, natural history, risk factors, and implications for surgical outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis endeavors to elucidate the multifactorial dimensions and clinical significance of cervical MCs. METHODS Following PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive systematic search was performed using Medline (via PubMed), EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases from their dates of inceptions to September 4, 2023. All identified articles were meticulously screened based on their relevance to our investigative criteria. Bias was assessed using quality assessments tools, including Quality in Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Diverse datasets encompassing MCs prevalence, demographic influences, risk factors, cervical sagittal parameters, and surgical outcomes were extracted. Meta-analysis using both random and common effects model was used to synthesis the metadata. RESULTS From a total of 867 studies, 38 met inclusion criteria and underwent full-text assessment. The overall prevalence of cervical MCs was 26.0% (95% CI: 19.0%, 34.0%), with a predominance of type 2 MCs (15% ; 95% CI: 0.10%, 0.23%). There was no significant difference between MCs and non-MCs in terms of neck pain (OR:3.09; 95% CI: 0.81, 11.88) and radicular pain (OR: 1.44; 95% CI: 0.64, 3.25). The results indicated a significantly higher mean age in the MC group (MD: 1.69 years; 95% CI: 0.29 years, 3.08 years). Additionally, smokers had 1.21 times the odds (95% CI: 1.01, 1.45) of a higher risk of developing MCs compared to non-smokers. While most cervical sagittal parameters remained unaffected, the presence of MCs indicated no substantial variation in pain intensity. However, a significant finding was the lower Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores observed in MC patients at the 3-month (MD: -0.34, 95% CI: -0.62, -0.07) and 6-month (MD: -0.40, 95% CI: -0.80, 0.00) postoperative periods, indicating a prolonged recovery phase. CONCLUSION This study found a predominant of type 2 MCs in the cervical spine. However, there was no significant mean difference between MCs and non-MC groups regarding neck pain and radicular pain. The results underscore the necessity for expansive, longitudinal research to elucidate the complexity of cervical MCs, particularly in surgical and postoperative contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samuel Berchi Kankam
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Cambridge, USA
| | | | - Mobin Mohamadi
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aynaz Mohammadi
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Faramarz Roohollahi
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Yas Spine Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzin Farahbahksh
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Building 7, Hassan- Abad Square, Imam-Khomeini Ave, Tehran, 11365-3876, Iran.
| | - Alireza Khoshnevisan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, North Kargar St, Tehran, Tehran Province, Iran.
| | - Joshua I Chalif
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - John Chi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
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Duan Y, Feng D, Zou K, Yang F, Chen R, Huang Y. The Relationship Between Modic Changes and Endplate Sclerosis in Patients with Lumbar Degenerative Disease: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. World Neurosurg 2024; 186:7-16. [PMID: 38479643 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2024.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship between modic changes (MCs) and endplate sclerosis in patients with lumbar degenerative disease. METHODS This network meta-analysis was performed on the basis of Preffered Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis 2020 statement. This study was registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42024497370). We performed a systematic search of the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, China national knowledge infrastructure, China Science and Technology Journal Database, and Wanfang databases from inception to December 22, 2023. STATA13.0 and RevMan 5.3 were applied to perform the meta-analysis. RESULTS Seven studies with a total of 1510 endplates were divided into 6 groups according to the type of MCs. The endplate sclerosis rate in the single-type group was significantly lower than that in the mixed-type group. The endplate sclerosis rate in the type I MC (MC1) was significantly lower than that in the type II MC (MC2). The endplate sclerosis rate in the MC2 was significantly lower than that in the type III MC (MC3). The endplate sclerosis rate in the MC1/2 was significantly lower than that in the MC2/3. No significant difference was detected between MC1/2 and MC1/3 or between MC2/3 and MC1/3. For decreasing the endplate sclerosis rate, the order of the different types of MCs was MC1>MC2>MC1/2>MC2/3≈MC1/3>MC3. CONCLUSIONS Endplate sclerosis occurs in all kinds of MCs. With increasing grade of MCs, the incidence of endplate sclerosis gradually increased. The endplate sclerosis rate in mixed-type MCs was significantly greater than that in MC2 and significantly lower than that in MC3. The endplate sclerosis rate in the mixed-type, including MC3 (MC1/3 and MC2/3), was significantly greater than that in the MC1/2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Duan
- Department of Orthopedics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dagang Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Kai Zou
- Department of Orthopedics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Rigao Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Reheman S, Meng X, Abudurexiti T, Haibier A, Sheng W. Limited discectomy versus aggressive discectomy by spinal endoscopy with the transforaminal approach for lumbar disc herniation: a retrospective study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2024; 25:416. [PMID: 38807128 PMCID: PMC11131275 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-024-07498-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the clinical and radiological outcomes of limited discectomy (LD) and aggressive discectomy (AD) performed via spinal endoscopy using the transforaminal approach in patients with lumbar disc herniation(LDH) METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of patients who underwent percutaneous endoscopic transforaminal discectomy (PETD) at the L4-L5 lumbar spine segments in our department from January 2017 to December 2020. The follow-up period extended to 24 months postoperatively. Patients were categorized into the LD and AD groups based on the extent of intraoperative disc removal. We retrospectively collected and analyzed clinical and radiological data. RESULTS The study followed 65 patients, with 36 in the LD group and 29 in the AD group. No statistically significant differences were noted in recurrence rates, the excellent and good Macnab rates, preoperative Disc Height Index (DHI), and preoperative Modic changes between the groups (P >0.05). However, significant differences were observed in operation duration, postoperative DHI and postoperative Modic change (P<0.05). No significant differences in Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores were detected between the groups preoperatively, or one and two years postoperatively (P>0.05). Nevertheless, notable differences in VAS and ODI scores were present one month postoperatively (P<0.05). CONCLUSION As a conventional surgical method for treating LDH, PETD can achieve satisfactory clinical results in both LD and AD, with no significant variance in recurrence rates. However, AD is associated with longer operation times, and greater postoperative reductions in DHI and greater postoperative Modic changes compared to LD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulaiman Reheman
- First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No.137 Liyushan Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
- Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, People's Republic of China
| | - XiangYu Meng
- Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, People's Republic of China
| | - Tuerhongjiang Abudurexiti
- Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, People's Republic of China
| | - Abuduwupuer Haibier
- Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, People's Republic of China
| | - Weibin Sheng
- First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No.137 Liyushan Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China.
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Wakao N, Furuya T, Yoshii T, Arima H, Yamato Y, Nakashima H, Imagama S, Imajo Y, Miyamoto H, Inoue G, Miyagi M, Kanbara S, Iizuka Y, Chikuda H, Watanabe K, Kobayashi K, Tsushima M, Miyazaki M, Yagi M, Suzuki S, Takahata M, Hongo M, Koda M, Nagata K, Mori K, Suzuki A, Kaito T, Murotani K, Miyakoshi N, Hashizume H, Matsuyama Y, Kawakami M, Haro H. A nationwide multicenter study of the cost effectiveness of five leading drugs for pharmacological management of cervicobrachial symptoms. J Orthop Sci 2023:S0949-2658(23)00334-2. [PMID: 38151393 DOI: 10.1016/j.jos.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervicobrachial pain frequently affects the quality of life (QOL) of the general public and has a significant economic impact on the health care systems of various countries. There are a number of treatment options for this disease, including widely-used drug therapy, but the effectiveness of each option is indeterminate, and there have been no published cost-effectiveness analysis studies so far. This prospective observational study aimed to examine the cost-effectiveness of drug treatment for cervicobrachial symptoms. METHODS A 6-month medication regimen for each of five frequently-prescribed drugs for cervicobrachial symptoms was administered to 322 patients at 24 centers in Japan. Outcome measures, including of the EuroQol Group 5D, Short Form-8, and Visual Analog Scale (VAS), were investigated at baseline and every month thereafter. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) of the drug cost to quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) were calculated. A stratified analysis of patient characteristics was also performed to identify baseline factors potentially affecting cost-effectiveness. RESULTS The ICER of entire drug treatment for cervicobrachial symptoms was 7,491,640 yen. Compared with the reference willingness-to-pay, the ICER was assumed to not be cost-effective. A certain number of QALYs were gained during the first 3 months after the treatment intervention, but almost no QALYs were gained during the following 3 months. Stratified analysis showed that cost-effectiveness was extremely low for patients with high baseline VAS and high QOL. CONCLUSIONS The available medications for cervicobrachial symptoms did not have excellent cost-effectiveness. Although a certain number of QALYs were gained during the first 3 months after medication, no QALYs were gained in the latter half of the study period, suggesting that it is not advisable to continue the medication needlessly. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II, prospective cohort study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norimitsu Wakao
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Takeo Furuya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Toshitaka Yoshii
- Section of Orthopaedic Surgery; and Spinal Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Graduate School, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Hideyuki Arima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hamamatsu University, School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.
| | - Yu Yamato
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hamamatsu University, School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Nakashima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Shiro Imagama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Yasuaki Imajo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokuyama Central Hospital, Shunan, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Miyamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe Rosai Hospital, Kobe, Japan.
| | - Gen Inoue
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kitasato University, School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan.
| | - Masayuki Miyagi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kitasato University, School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan.
| | - Shunsuke Kanbara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chubu Rosai Hospital, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Yoichi Iizuka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan.
| | - Hirotaka Chikuda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan.
| | - Kei Watanabe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata, Japan.
| | - Kazuyoshi Kobayashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Aichi Medical Center Nagoya Daini Hospital, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Mikito Tsushima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Konan Kosei Hospital, Konan, Japan.
| | - Masashi Miyazaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan.
| | - Mitsuru Yagi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Suzuki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Masahiko Takahata
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hokkaido University, Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Michio Hongo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan.
| | - Masao Koda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
| | - Keiji Nagata
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
| | - Kanji Mori
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.
| | - Akinobu Suzuki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Takashi Kaito
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka Rosai Hospital, Osaka, Japan.
| | | | - Naohisa Miyakoshi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Hashizume
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
| | - Yukihiro Matsuyama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hamamatsu University, School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.
| | - Mamoru Kawakami
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saiseikai Wakayama Hospital, Wakayama, Japan.
| | - Hirotaka Haro
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Japan.
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Espeland A, Kristoffersen PM, Bråten LCH, Grøvle L, Grotle M, Haugen AJ, Rolfsen MP, Hellum C, Zwart JA, Storheim K, Assmus J, Vetti N. Longitudinal Relationship Between Reduced Modic Change Edema and Disability and Pain in Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2023; 48:1699-1708. [PMID: 37759351 PMCID: PMC10662590 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000004837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Secondary analyses of a randomized trial [Antibiotics In Modic changes (MCs) study]. OBJECTIVE To assess whether or not reduced MC edema over time is related to reduced disability and pain in patients with chronic low back pain (LBP). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA It is not clear whether or not reduced MC edema implies improved clinical outcomes. PATIENTS AND METHODS Linear regression was conducted separately in 2 subgroups with MC edema at baseline on short tau inversion recovery (STIR) or T1/T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, respectively. Independent variable: reduced edema (yes/no) at 1 year on STIR or T1/T2-series, respectively. Dependent variable: 1-year score on the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), or 0 to 10 numeric rating scale for LBP intensity, adjusted for the baseline score, age, smoking, body mass index, physical workload, and baseline edema on STIR (STIR analysis only). Post hoc, we, in addition, adjusted all analyses for baseline edema on STIR, treatment group (amoxicillin/placebo), and prior disc surgery-or for disc degeneration. RESULTS Among patients with MC edema on STIR at baseline (n = 162), reduced edema on STIR was not significantly related to the RMDQ ( B : -1.0, 95% CI: -2.8, 0.8; P = 0.27), ODI ( B :-1.4, 95% CI: -5.4, 2.6; P = 0.50), or LBP intensity scores ( B : -0.05, 95% CI: -0.8, 0.7; P = 0.90) after 1 year. Among patients with MC edema on T1/T2-series at baseline (n = 116), reduced edema on T1/T2 ( i.e ., reduced volume of the type 1 part of MCs) was not significantly related to RMDQ ( B: -1.7, 95% CI: -3.8, 0.3; P = 0.10) or ODI score ( B : -2.3, 95% CI: -7.1, 2.5; P = 0.34) but was significantly related to LBP intensity at 1 year ( B : -0.9, 95% CI: -1.8, -0.04; P = 0.04; correlation coefficient: 0.24). The post hoc analyses supported these results. CONCLUSION Reduced MC edema over 1 year was not significantly associated with pain-related disability but was (on T1/T2-series) significantly but weakly related to reduced LBP intensity. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansgar Espeland
- Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Per Martin Kristoffersen
- Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lars Christian Haugli Bråten
- Department of Research and Innovation, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Nydalen, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Grøvle
- Department of Rheumatology, Østfold Hospital Trust, Grålum, Norway
| | - Margreth Grotle
- Department of Research and Innovation, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Nydalen, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Rehabilitation Science and Health Technology, Centre for Intelligent Musculoskeletal Health, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Mads Peder Rolfsen
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Nydalen, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christian Hellum
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Nydalen, Oslo, Norway
| | - John-Anker Zwart
- Department of Research and Innovation, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Nydalen, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjersti Storheim
- Department of Research and Innovation, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Nydalen, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Rehabilitation Science and Health Technology, Centre for Intelligent Musculoskeletal Health, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jörg Assmus
- Centre for Clinical Research, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Nils Vetti
- Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Autologous Platelet-Rich Plasma Administration on the Intervertebral Disc in Low Back Pain Patients with Modic Type 1 Change: Report of Two Cases. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:medicina59010112. [PMID: 36676735 PMCID: PMC9863543 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59010112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Modic type 1 is known to be associated with lower back pain (LBP), but at present, a treatment has not been fully established. Meanwhile, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been used for tissue regeneration and repair in the clinical setting. There is no clinical PRP injection trial for the intervertebral disc of LBP patients with Modic type 1. Thus, this study aimed to verify PRP injection safety and efficacy in LBP patients with Modic type 1. As a preliminary experiment, two LBP cases with Modic type 1 are presented. Materials and Methods: PRP was administered intradiscally to two LBP patients with Modic type 1. PRP was obtained from the patients' anticoagulated blood. Primary endpoints were physical condition, laboratory data, and X-ray for safety evaluation. Secondary endpoints were pain scores using the visual analog scale (VAS), the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RDQ) to evaluate PRP efficacy. The observation period was 24 weeks after the PRP injection. In addition, changes in Modic type 1 using MRI were evaluated. Results: This study assessed two LBP patients with Modic type 1. There were no adverse events in physical condition, laboratory data, or lumbar X-rays after injection. Follow-up MRI showed a decrease of high signal intensity on T2WI compared to before PRP administration. The pain scores tended to improve after the injection. Conclusions: PRP injection into the intervertebral disc of LBP patients with Modic type 1 might be safe and effective. This analysis will be continued as a prospective study to establish the efficacy.
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