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Wei T, Mueed A, Luo T, Sun Y, Zhang B, Zheng L, Deng Z, Li J. 1,3-Dioleoyl-2-palmitoyl-glycerol and 1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-3-linoleoyl-glycerol: Structure-function relationship, triacylglycerols preparation, nutrition value. Food Chem 2024; 443:138560. [PMID: 38295563 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Based on multivariate statistics, this review compared major triacylglycerols (TAGs) in animal milk and human milk fat from China and other countries. Human milk fat differs from animal milk fat in that it has longer acyl chains and higher concentrations of 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoyl-glycerol (O-P-O) and 1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-3-linoleoylglycerol (O-P-L). O-P-L is a significant and distinct TAG in human milk fat, particularly in China. 1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-3-linoleoylglycerol (OPL) is human milk's major triglyceride molecule of O-P-L, accounting for more than 70%. As a result, OPL has piqued the interest of Chinese academics. The synthesis process and nutritional outcomes of OPL have been studied, including changes in gut microbiota, serum lipid composition, improved fatty acid and calcium absorption, and increased total bile acid levels. However, current OPL research is limited. Therefore, this review discussed enzymatic preparation of 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoyl-glycerol (OPO) and OPL and their nutritional and physiological activity to direct future research direction for sn-2 palmitate and OPL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China.
| | - Abdul Mueed
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Ting Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China; International Institute of Food Innovation, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.
| | - Yong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China; International Institute of Food Innovation, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.
| | - Bing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China; International Institute of Food Innovation, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.
| | - Liufeng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China; International Institute of Food Innovation, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.
| | - Zeyuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China; International Institute of Food Innovation, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010110, China.
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China; International Institute of Food Innovation, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010110, China.
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Lavalle L, Sauvageot N, Cercamondi CI, Egli D, Jankovic I, Vandenplas Y, Juffrie M, Bardosono S, Galindez G, Waheed KAI, Gokhale P, Ibrahim MN, Asghar R, Shirazi H, Perez MLM, Kesavelu D, Edris A, Beleidy AE, Hodhod ME, Elzalabany M, Hussein H, Shaaban SY, Elmashad A, Abdelmoez A, El-Asheer OM, Vandenplas Y, Lavalle L, Sauvageot N, Cercamondi CI, Egli D, Jankovic I, Vandenplas Y. Infant feeding practice and gastrointestinal tolerance: a real-world, multi-country, cross-sectional observational study. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:714. [PMID: 36514058 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03763-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Signs of feeding intolerance, such as gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, are frequently observed in otherwise healthy formula-fed infants in the first months of life. The primary objective of this observational study was to examine GI tolerance in formula-fed infants (FFI) vs. breastfed infants (BFI) in a real-world setting with a secondary objective being the comparison of infants fed formula with pre- and/or probiotics (FFI_PP) and those fed formula without any pre- and/or probiotics (FFI_noPP) as well as BFI. METHODS A six-country, cross-sectional study in full-term exclusively/predominantly FFI (n = 2036) and BFI (n = 760) aged 6-16 weeks was conducted using the validated Infant Gastrointestinal Symptom Questionnaire (IGSQ) and a Feeding Practice and Gut Comfort Questionnaire. RESULTS The IGSQ composite score in FFI was non-inferior compared to BFI (mean difference [95%CI]: 0.17 [-0.34, 0.67]; non-inferiority p-value < 0.0001) and scores for BFI and FFI were below the threshold of 23, indicating no GI discomfort. Adjusted mean IGSQ scores ± SE were similar in FFI_PP (22.1 ± 0.2) and BFI (22.3 ± 0.3) while FFI_noPP (23.4 ± 0.3) was significantly higher and above 23 indicating some GI discomfort (mean differences [95%CI] FFI_noPP minus FFI_PP and FFI_noPP minus BFI were 1.28 [0.57, 1.98] and 1.09 [0.38, 1.80], respectively; both p < 0.01). Hard stools and difficulty in passing stool were more common in FFI compared to BFI (p < 0.01) but were less common in FFI_PP compared to FFI_noPP (p < 0.01). FFI_PP showed significantly less crying than FFI_noPP and was similar to BFI. Significantly fewer physician-confirmed colic episodes (Rome IV criteria) were reported in FFI_PP compared with FFI_noPP or BFI. CONCLUSIONS In this real-world observational study, FFI had non-inferior overall GI tolerance compared to BFI. Within FFI, infants receiving formulas with pre- and/or probiotics had a better GI tolerance, improved stooling and less infantile colic compared to those receiving formula without any pre- and/or probiotics and were more similar to BFI. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT03703583, 12/10/2018 ( https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03703583 ).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luca Lavalle
- Biostatistics & Data, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Colin Ivano Cercamondi
- Nestlé Product Technology Center - Nutrition, Société Des Produits Nestlé S.A., 1800, Vevey, Switzerland
| | - Delphine Egli
- Nestlé Product Technology Center - Nutrition, Société Des Produits Nestlé S.A., 1800, Vevey, Switzerland.
| | - Ivana Jankovic
- Nestlé Product Technology Center - Nutrition, Société Des Produits Nestlé S.A., 1800, Vevey, Switzerland
| | - Yvan Vandenplas
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, UZ Brussels, KidZ Health Castle, Brussels, Belgium
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De Cosmi V, Mazzocchi A, Agostoni C, Visioli F. Fructooligosaccharides: From Breast Milk Components to Potential Supplements. A Systematic Review. Adv Nutr 2022; 13:318-327. [PMID: 34555852 PMCID: PMC8803487 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast milk is the optimal food choice for infant growth and development. Among breast milk components, fructooligosaccharides (FOSs) are being actively studied because of their role in microbiota development. In particular, 2'-fucosyllactose is being proposed as a potential supplement/nutraceutical or component of infant formula. In this systematic review, we critically summarize the available information on FOSs and we discuss their future use in infant nutrition. We searched the main electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, and Scopus), with a final check in May 2021. Search terms were inserted individually and using the Boolean tools AND and OR. Relevant articles were identified using the following words: ("fructooligosaccharides" OR "FOS") AND ("human milk" OR "breast milk" OR "donor milk" OR "bank milk"). The search retrieved 1814 articles. After removal of duplicates, we screened 1591 articles based on title, abstract, and exclusive use of the English language. We included articles describing the concentration of FOSs in human milk and assessed the relevant ones. We excluded reviews, studies on animals, and studies exclusively carried out on adults. Also, we excluded studies that have not reported evidence either on FOSs or on galactooligosaccharides from human milk. The resulting publications were reviewed, and 10 studies were included in the systematic review. We conclude that human milk FOSs are, indeed, crucial to infant gut development and their addition to infant formula is safe, well-tolerated, and might provide immune benefits to newborns. However, we would like to underscore the scantiness of human data and the need to avoid the immediate translation of infant research to the commercialization of supplements marketed to adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina De Cosmi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Mazzocchi
- Pediatric Intermediate Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Agostoni
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Pediatric Intermediate Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
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Bellaiche M, Ludwig T, Arciszewska M, Bongers A, Gomes C, Świat A, Dakhlia F, Piollet A, Oozeer R, Vandenplas Y. Safety and Tolerance of a Novel Anti-Regurgitation Formula: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Trial. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2021; 73:579-585. [PMID: 34417399 PMCID: PMC8528134 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000003289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A novel anti-regurgitation (AR) formula has been designed to support gut health and improve gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms beyond regurgitation. This study assessed the tolerance and safety of this new AR formula. METHODS This was a 4-week double-blind, randomized, controlled trial with a 4-week extension in formula-fed infants with regurgitation. The new AR (Test) formula contained 0.4 g/100 mL locust bean gum (LBG) as thickener, partly fermented formula with postbiotics, and short-chain galacto-oligosaccharides (scGOS) and long-chain fructo-oligosaccharides (lcFOS) (0.4 g/100 mL, ratio 9:1). The Control AR formula contained LBG (0.4 g/100 mL) with postbiotics and has a history of safe use. The primary outcome was the Infant Gastrointestinal Symptom Questionnaire (IGSQ) sum score including stooling, spitting-up/vomiting, crying, fussiness and flatulence. RESULTS All 182 infants screened were enrolled in the study. The primary analysis showed the equivalence of the IGSQ sum scores at Week 4 between groups. IGSQ sum scores improved significantly within 1 week (Mixed Model Repeated Measurement [MMRM], P < 0.001). Post-hoc analyses showed a bigger improvement of the IGSQ score in the Test (n = 38) versus Control (n = 44) group (MMRM, P = 0.008) in infants with more severe gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms (IGSQ score ≥35). Stool characteristics were comparable between groups. Growth related z scores were in line with the WHO child growth standards and both groups showed improvement of regurgitation. Adverse events did not show any safety concerns. CONCLUSIONS The novel AR formula combining LBG, scGOS/lcFOS and postbiotics is well-tolerated, safe and supports adequate growth during the intervention. Post-hoc analyses suggest that the formula results in more improvement of GI symptom burden in infants with more severe symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anke Bongers
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Agnieszka Świat
- Centrum Medyczne Promed
- Centrum Medyczne Plejady, Krakow, Poland
| | - Faouzi Dakhlia
- Centre Condorcet, Hôpital Privé d’Antony, Antony, France
| | | | - Raish Oozeer
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Yvan Vandenplas
- KidZ Health Castle, UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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Shen L, Huang W, Xu X, Wang L, Wang Q, Li S, Yuan X. Stool Saponified Fatty Acid, Behavior, Growth, and Stool Characteristics in Infants Fed a High-OPO Formula: A Randomized, Double-Blind Clinical Trial. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:712201. [PMID: 34738000 PMCID: PMC8561952 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.712201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: 1,3-Dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol (OPO) is an ideal structured triglyceride for infant formula, with a similar structure to human milk fat. We conducted this randomized, double-blind controlled, single-center trial to evaluate the effects of an OPO formula in infants. Study Design: One hundred seventy-four healthy term infants <14 days old were assigned to the standard formula-fed group (n = 55), high sn-2 palmitic acid (OPO) formula-fed infants (n = 58), and breastfed (BF) group (n = 61). The primary endpoint was the total saponified fatty acid content in feces at week 6 and week 12. Results: Infants from the OPO group had lower concentrations of fecal saponified fatty acids than those from the standard formula group (p < 0.0001) at week 6 and week 12. The frequencies of crying per day and per night of infants in the OPO group were significantly less than those of infants in the standard formula group (p < 0.0001). After 12 weeks of feeding, the length of infants was significantly higher in the OPO group than in the other two groups (p = 0.002). Infants in the OPO group had a significantly lower stool calcium concentration and a higher stool frequency per day than infants in the standard formula group. Conclusion: In summary, a high concentration of OPO in formula is beneficial to the growth and development of infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Shen
- Department of Pediatrics, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Weihua Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Xuebing Xu
- Wilmar (Shanghai) Biotechnology Research & Development Center Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Wang
- Beidahuang Wondersun Dairy Company Limited, Harbin, China
| | - Qingyun Wang
- Beidahuang Wondersun Dairy Company Limited, Harbin, China
| | - Shengqi Li
- Wilmar (Shanghai) Biotechnology Research & Development Center Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuewei Yuan
- Department of Pediatrics, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Suzhou, China
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Volger S, Landgraf JM, Mao M, Ge J, Northington R, Hays NP. Feasibility and Psychometric Properties of the Infant Toddler Quality of Life (ITQOL) Questionnaire in a Community-Based Sample of Healthy Infants in China. Matern Child Health J 2018; 22:702-712. [PMID: 29397496 PMCID: PMC5893691 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-018-2439-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objective Evaluate the feasibility and psychometric properties of the Infant Toddler Quality of Life (ITQOL) questionnaire as a measure of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in a sample of Chinese infants. Methods The linguistically validated Simplified Chinese version of the ITQOL was used in a multicenter, observational study of healthy, term infants (N = 427), age 6 weeks at enrollment, in China. At Days 1 and 48, parents/guardians completed the ITQOL, the Short Form Health Survey (SF-12v2) and the Infant Gastrointestinal Symptom Questionnaire (IGSQ). ITQOL feasibility, reliability, ceiling/floor effects, concurrent validity and discriminatory validity were evaluated. Results Feasibility of administering the ITQOL was supported by strong response rates (> 97%) with < 1% missing items for all scales except physical abilities. Reliability was acceptable (Cronbach's alpha > 0.70) for all scales except Day 1 General Health (0.67). Floor effects were minimal (< 2%), except Day 1 physical abilities (7%). Ceiling effects increased from Days 1 to 48 across all scales. Concurrent validity was demonstrated by correlations between ITQOL infant-focused scales and IGSQ score (r = -0.20 to - 0.34, p < 0.001) and between parent-focused scales and SF-12v2 mental health composite (MCS) scores (r = 0.29-0.46, p < 0.001). ITQOL scales discriminated between infant subgroups based on illness-related outcomes (sick visits, adverse events) and between parent subgroups based on SF-12v2 MCS scores. Conclusion The Simplified Chinese version of the ITQOL performed well in a community-based sample of Chinese infants, with evidence supporting the instrument's feasibility, reliability, and validity. These data support the ITQOL as a valuable tool to assess HRQOL in Chinese infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheri Volger
- Clinical Research, Research and Development, Nestlé Nutrition, 3000 Horizon Drive, King of Prussia, PA 19406 USA
| | - Jeanne M. Landgraf
- HealthActCHQ, Inc. (HACHQ), 800 Boylston Street, 16th Floor, Boston, MA 02199 USA
| | - Meng Mao
- Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, Chengdu, China No. 1617, Riyue Avenue, Chengdu, 610091 Sichuan Province People’s Republic of China
| | - John Ge
- Wyeth Nutritional (China) Company Ltd., 30F, CITIC Square, 1168 Nanjing West Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Robert Northington
- Clinical Research, Research and Development, Nestlé Nutrition, 3000 Horizon Drive, King of Prussia, PA 19406 USA
| | - Nicholas P. Hays
- Clinical Research, Research and Development, Nestlé Nutrition, 3000 Horizon Drive, King of Prussia, PA 19406 USA
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