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Bryant BH, Anderson SR, Brissette M, Childs JM, Gratzinger D, Johnson K, Powell DE, Zein-Eldin Powell S, Timmons CF, Chute D, Cummings TJ, Furlong MA, Hébert TM, Reeves HM, Rush D, Vitkovski T, McCloskey CB. National pilot of entrustable professional activities in pathology residency training. Acad Pathol 2024; 11:100110. [PMID: 38560425 PMCID: PMC10978478 DOI: 10.1016/j.acpath.2024.100110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Entrustable professional activities (EPAs) are observable clinical skills and/or procedures that have been introduced into medical education at the student and resident levels in most specialties to determine readiness to advance into residency or independent practice, respectively. This publication describes the process and outcomes of a pilot study looking at the feasibility of using two anatomic pathology and two clinical pathology EPAs in pathology residency in 6 pathology residency programs that volunteered for the study. Faculty development on EPAs and their assessment was provided to pilot program faculty, and EPA assessment tools were developed and used by the pilot programs. Pre- and post-study surveys were given to participating residents, faculty, and program directors to gauge baseline practices and to gather feedback on the EPA implementation experience. Results demonstrated overall good feasibility in implementing EPAs. Faculty acceptance of EPAs varied and was less than that of program directors. Residents reported a significant increase in the frequency with which faculty provided formative assessments that included specific examples of performance and specific ways to improve, as well as increased frequency with which faculty provided summative assessments that included specific ways to improve. EPAs offered the most benefit in setting clear expectations for performance of each task, for providing more specific feedback to residents, and in increasing Program director's understanding of resident strengths abilities and weaknesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bronwyn H. Bryant
- University of Vermont Medical Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Scott R. Anderson
- University of Vermont Medical Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Mark Brissette
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Pathology, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - John M. Childs
- Geisinger Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Danville, PA, USA
| | - Dita Gratzinger
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Deborah E. Powell
- University of Minnesota Medical School, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Charles F. Timmons
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Deborah Chute
- Cleveland Clinic, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Mary A. Furlong
- Georgetown University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Tiffany M. Hébert
- Montefiore Health System/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Hollie M. Reeves
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Demaretta Rush
- University of Arizona College of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Taisia Vitkovski
- Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell Health, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Cindy B. McCloskey
- University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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Schmidt RL, White SK, Timme KH, McFarland MM, Lomo LC. Graduate Medical Education in Pathology: A Scoping Review. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2024; 148:117-127. [PMID: 37014974 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2022-0365-ra] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT.— Pathologists have produced a substantial body of literature on graduate medical education (GME). However, this body of literature is diverse and has not yet been characterized. OBJECTIVE.— To chart the concepts, research methods, and publication patterns of studies on GME in pathology. DATA SOURCES.— This was a systematic scoping review covering all literature produced since 1980 in the PubMed and Embase databases. CONCLUSIONS.— Research on GME in pathology is evenly dispersed across educational topics. This body of literature would benefit from research based on theory, stronger study designs, and studies that can provide evidence to support decisions on educational policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Schmidt
- From the Department of Pathology (Schmidt, White, Lomo) and Eccles Health Sciences Library (McFarland), University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - Sandra K White
- From the Department of Pathology (Schmidt, White, Lomo) and Eccles Health Sciences Library (McFarland), University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - Kathleen H Timme
- the Department of Endocrinology, Eccles Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah (Timme)
| | - Mary M McFarland
- From the Department of Pathology (Schmidt, White, Lomo) and Eccles Health Sciences Library (McFarland), University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - Lesley C Lomo
- From the Department of Pathology (Schmidt, White, Lomo) and Eccles Health Sciences Library (McFarland), University of Utah, Salt Lake City
- ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, Utah (Schmidt, Lomo)
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Felicelli C, Gama A, Chornenkyy Y, Choy B, Blanco LZ, Novo JE. From principles to practice: Implementation of entrustable professional activities (EPAs) for surgical pathology residency education in a large academic hospital. Acad Pathol 2023; 10:100097. [PMID: 38025045 PMCID: PMC10679497 DOI: 10.1016/j.acpath.2023.100097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, competency-based medical education (CBME) has gained momentum in the United States to develop trainees into independent and confident physicians by the end of their training. Entrustable professional activities (EPAs) are an established methodology for assessing trainee development through an outcomes-driven rather than a time-based model. While EPAs have been utilized as an assessment tool for CBME in Europe and Canada, their validation and implementation in some medical specialties has occurred more recently in the United States. Pediatrics was the first specialty in the US to conduct a large-scale UME-GME pilot. Pathology Residency EPAs were published in 2018; however, implementation in training programs has been slow. We have piloted EPAs in our residency program's surgical pathology rotation and propose a unique set of 4 surgical pathology EPAs to track trainee preparedness for independent practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alcino Gama
- Corresponding author. Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, 303 E. Chicago Ave. Ward 3-140 W127, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Yevgen Chornenkyy
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bonnie Choy
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Luis Z. Blanco
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jorge E. Novo
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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