Higgins B, Taylor D, Crabb D, Callaghan T. Emotional well-being in Charles Bonnet syndrome: exploring associations with negative affect, loneliness and quality of life.
Ther Adv Ophthalmol 2024;
16:25158414241275444. [PMID:
39351142 PMCID:
PMC11440537 DOI:
10.1177/25158414241275444]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background
Charles Bonnet syndrome (CBS) is a condition characterised by the occurrence of vivid and complex visual hallucinations in individuals with visual impairment.
Objective
To explore the relationship between emotional distress and the perceived impact of CBS symptoms on participants' lives. We tested the hypothesis that heightened negative affect was associated with a more negative appraisal of CBS symptoms, increased self-reported loneliness, and poorer quality of life (QOL).
Design
Cross-sectional.
Methods
Participants recruited predominantly via vision-related charities rated their hallucinations and their impact on a Likert scale. Loneliness and negative affect were assessed with the Three-Item Loneliness Scale and Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. Health index (EQ-5D-3L) and vision-related QOL (VF-9) were also assessed. Correlation analysis and multi-variable regression determined the relation between survey responses.
Results
The majority of 126 respondents (81%) were aged 65+ years and 84% reported active CBS symptoms. Fifty-five percent of respondents rated impact of CBS as negative and no-one rated the impact as 'very pleasant'. A statistically significant correlation was found between impact of CBS and negative affect (p ⩽ 0.001; rho = -0.34) and impact of CBS and loneliness (p = 0.017; rho = -0.21). The relation between negative affect and CBS impact remained statistically significant when accounting for the impact of loneliness and the relationship between loneliness and CBS effect (p = 0.002, adj R 2 = 0.1). A statistically significant correlation between loneliness and negative affect (p ⩽ 0.001; rho = 0.55) was also found.
Conclusion
Respondents experiencing negative emotions were more likely to perceive the impact of CBS symptoms as negative and report greater feelings of loneliness. Negative affect is an important consideration when assessing people with CBS.
Collapse