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Pi H, Ogunniyi AD, Savaliya B, Nguyen HT, Page SW, Lacey E, Venter H, Trott DJ. Repurposing of the Fasciolicide Triclabendazole to Treat Infections Caused by Staphylococcus spp. and Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9081697. [PMID: 34442776 PMCID: PMC8398527 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
One approach to combat the increasing incidence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial pathogens involves repurposing existing compounds with known safety and development pathways as new antibacterial classes with potentially novel mechanisms of action. Here, triclabendazole (TCBZ), a drug originally developed to treat Fasciola hepatica (liver fluke) in sheep and cattle, and later in humans, was evaluated as an antibacterial alone or in combination with sub-inhibitory concentrations of polymyxin B (PMB) against clinical isolates and reference strains of key Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. We show for the first time that in vitro, TCBZ selectively kills methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius at a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) range of 2–4 µg/mL, and vancomycin-resistant enterococci at a MIC range of 4–8 µg/mL. TCBZ also inhibited key Gram-negative bacteria in the presence of sub-inhibitory concentrations of PMB, returning MIC90 values of 1 µg/mL for Escherichia coli, 8 µg/mL for Klebsiella pneumoniae, 2 µg/mL for Acinetobacter baumannii and 4 µg/mL for Pseudomonasaeruginosa. Interestingly, TCBZ was found to be bacteriostatic against intracellular S. aureus but bactericidal against intracellular S. pseudintermedius. Additionally, TCBZ’s favourable pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) profile was further explored by in vivo safety and efficacy studies using a bioluminescent mouse model of S. aureus sepsis. We show that repeated four-hourly oral treatment of mice with 50 mg/kg TCBZ after systemic S. aureus challenge resulted in a significant reduction in S. aureus populations in the blood to 18 h post-infection (compared to untreated mice) but did not clear the bacterial infection from the bloodstream, consistent with in vivo bacteriostatic activity. These results indicate that additional pharmaceutical development of TCBZ may enhance its PK/PD, allowing it to be an appropriate candidate for the treatment of serious MDR bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Pi
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, Roseworthy Campus, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia; (H.P.); (A.D.O.); (B.S.); (H.T.N.)
| | - Abiodun D. Ogunniyi
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, Roseworthy Campus, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia; (H.P.); (A.D.O.); (B.S.); (H.T.N.)
| | - Bhumi Savaliya
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, Roseworthy Campus, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia; (H.P.); (A.D.O.); (B.S.); (H.T.N.)
| | - Hang Thi Nguyen
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, Roseworthy Campus, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia; (H.P.); (A.D.O.); (B.S.); (H.T.N.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, Internal Medicine and Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | | | - Ernest Lacey
- Microbial Screening Technologies Pty Ltd., Smithfield, NSW 2164, Australia;
| | - Henrietta Venter
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
| | - Darren J. Trott
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, Roseworthy Campus, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia; (H.P.); (A.D.O.); (B.S.); (H.T.N.)
- Correspondence:
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Kumar R, Harilal S, Gupta SV, Jose J, Thomas Parambi DG, Uddin MS, Shah MA, Mathew B. Exploring the new horizons of drug repurposing: A vital tool for turning hard work into smart work. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 182:111602. [PMID: 31421629 PMCID: PMC7127402 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Drug discovery and development are long and financially taxing processes. On an average it takes 12-15 years and costs 1.2 billion USD for successful drug discovery and approval for clinical use. Many lead molecules are not developed further and their potential is not tapped to the fullest due to lack of resources or time constraints. In order for a drug to be approved by FDA for clinical use, it must have excellent therapeutic potential in the desired area of target with minimal toxicities as supported by both pre-clinical and clinical studies. The targeted clinical evaluations fail to explore other potential therapeutic applications of the candidate drug. Drug repurposing or repositioning is a fast and relatively cheap alternative to the lengthy and expensive de novo drug discovery and development. Drug repositioning utilizes the already available clinical trials data for toxicity and adverse effects, at the same time explores the drug's therapeutic potential for a different disease. This review addresses recent developments and future scope of drug repositioning strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy, Kerala University of Health Sciences, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Seetha Harilal
- Department of Pharmacy, Kerala University of Health Sciences, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Sheeba Varghese Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Jobin Jose
- Department of Pharmaceutics, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, NITTE Deemed to be University, Manglore, 575018, India
| | - Della Grace Thomas Parambi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al Jouf, 2014, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Ajmal Shah
- Department of Pharmacogonosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Bijo Mathew
- Division of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Research Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ahalia School of Pharmacy, Palakkad, 678557, Kerala, India.
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Levinson MR, Blondeau JM, Rosenkrantz WS, Plowgian CB. The in vitro antibacterial activity of the anthelmintic drug oxyclozanide against common small animal bacterial pathogens. Vet Dermatol 2019; 30:314-e87. [PMID: 31062461 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repurposing existing drugs is one approach to address the growing concerns of multi-drug resistant bacterial pathogens in veterinary medicine. Oxyclozanide is in the anthelmintic drug class salicylanilide, which has been used primarily as a treatment and preventative for Fasciola hepatica in ruminants. The antimicrobial activity of oxyclozanide has been studied in human medicine; its activity against common small animal bacterial pathogens such as Staphylococcus pseudintermedius has yet to be determined. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to measure and establish the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and mutant prevention concentration (MPC) of oxyclozanide against S. pseudintermedius and other common small animal bacterial pathogens. METHODS AND MATERIALS The MIC and MPC of oxyclozanide were determined from eighteen meticillin sensitive S. pseudintermedius (MSSP) isolates and eleven meticillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP), as well as single isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis. RESULTS The MIC of the eighteen meticillin-sensitive S. pseudintermedius isolates was 0.5-1 μg/mL and the MPC ranged between 16 and 32 μg/mL. The MIC of the eleven meticillin-resistant strains of S. pseudintermedius ranged from 0.5 to 2 μg/mL with a MPC ranging between 16 and 32 μg/mL. A single isolate of meticillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) had an MIC of 1 μg/mL and MPC 16 μg/mL. No inhibition of growth was seen at the concentrations tested for bacterial isolate strains E. coli, P. aeruginosa and E. faecalis. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Oxyclozanide demonstrated in-vitro antibacterial activity against meticillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius. Further studies are needed to evaluate the potential use of oxyclozanide as a topical bactericidal agent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph M Blondeau
- Royal University Hospital and University of Saskatchewan, 103 Hospital Dr, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, S7N 0W8
| | | | - Curtis B Plowgian
- Animal Dermatology Clinic, 3901 E 82nd Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46250, USA
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Chan WY, Hickey EE, Khazandi M, Page SW, Trott DJ, Hill PB. In vitro antimicrobial activity of monensin against common clinical isolates associated with canine otitis externa. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 57:34-38. [PMID: 30017076 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial stewardship are of ever-increasing importance in veterinary medicine. Multidrug-resistant infections of the canine skin and ear continue to emerge, but the use of antibiotic classes of critical importance to human medicine may not represent good antimicrobial stewardship. Repurposing of old drugs that are not used in human medicine is one approach that addresses both these issues. In this study, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of monensin for 111 bacterial and yeast canine otitis isolates was determined using microdilution methodology according to Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Monensin was effective against all Gram-positive bacteria including the multidrug-resistant staphylococcal strains with MICs ranging from 1 to 4 μg/ml, but lacked antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria and yeast isolates. Monensin has potential to be incorporated as one of the main components in an otic formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yee Chan
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Mudla Wirra Rd, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia.
| | - Elizabeth E Hickey
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Mudla Wirra Rd, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia
| | - Manouchehr Khazandi
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Mudla Wirra Rd, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia
| | - Stephen W Page
- Luoda Pharma Pty. Ltd., 1/304-318, The Kingsway, Caringbah, NSW 2229, Australia
| | - Darren J Trott
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Mudla Wirra Rd, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia
| | - Peter B Hill
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Mudla Wirra Rd, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia
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Chan WY, Hickey EE, Khazandi M, Page SW, Trott DJ, Hill PB. In vitro
antimicrobial activity of narasin against common clinical isolates associated with canine otitis externa. Vet Dermatol 2018; 29:149-e57. [DOI: 10.1111/vde.12516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yee Chan
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences The University of Adelaide Roseworthy SA 5371 Australia
| | - Elizabeth E. Hickey
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences The University of Adelaide Roseworthy SA 5371 Australia
| | - Manouchehr Khazandi
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences The University of Adelaide Roseworthy SA 5371 Australia
| | - Stephen W. Page
- Luoda Pharma Pty. Ltd. 1/304‐318 Kingsway Caringbah NSW 2229 Australia
| | - Darren J. Trott
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences The University of Adelaide Roseworthy SA 5371 Australia
| | - Peter B. Hill
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences The University of Adelaide Roseworthy SA 5371 Australia
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