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Filgueira CPB, Pitta-Pereira D, Cantanhêde LM, Ferreira GEM, Dos Reis S, Cupolillo E, Moreira OC, Britto C, Boité MC. HRM Accuracy and Limitations as a Species Typing Tool for Leishmania Parasites. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14784. [PMID: 37834232 PMCID: PMC10573552 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
High Resolution Melting Analysis (HRM) has been pointed out as a suitable alternative method to detect and identify Leishmania species. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and limitations of a HSP70-HRM protocol both as a diagnostic scheme applied in clinical samples and as a species typing tool for laboratory research and reference services. Our data reveal the pronounced species-typing potential of the HSP70-HRM in DNA from cultured parasites. For clinical samples, however, we advise caution due to parasite load-dependent accuracy. In light of these findings and considering the importance of parasite load determination for clinical and research purposes, we recommend the integration of the presented typing scheme and the previously published Leishmania quantifying approach as combined tools for clinicians, surveillance, and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Patricio Braga Filgueira
- Leishmaniasis Research Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (C.P.B.F.); (L.M.C.); (E.C.)
| | - Daniela Pitta-Pereira
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Pavilhão Leônidas Deane, Sala 209, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21045-900, Brazil; (D.P.-P.); (C.B.)
| | - Lilian Motta Cantanhêde
- Leishmaniasis Research Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (C.P.B.F.); (L.M.C.); (E.C.)
- Laboratório de EpiGenética, Fiocruz Rondônia, Rua da Beira, 7671, Porto Velho 76812-245, Brazil; (G.E.M.F.); (S.D.R.)
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Epidemiologia da Amazônia Ocidental, INCT EpiAmO, Porto Velho 76812-100, Brazil
| | | | - Sayonara Dos Reis
- Laboratório de EpiGenética, Fiocruz Rondônia, Rua da Beira, 7671, Porto Velho 76812-245, Brazil; (G.E.M.F.); (S.D.R.)
| | - Elisa Cupolillo
- Leishmaniasis Research Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (C.P.B.F.); (L.M.C.); (E.C.)
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Epidemiologia da Amazônia Ocidental, INCT EpiAmO, Porto Velho 76812-100, Brazil
| | - Otacilio C. Moreira
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Parasitology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Constança Britto
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Pavilhão Leônidas Deane, Sala 209, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21045-900, Brazil; (D.P.-P.); (C.B.)
| | - Mariana Côrtes Boité
- Leishmaniasis Research Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (C.P.B.F.); (L.M.C.); (E.C.)
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Prestes SR, Guerra JADO, Romero GAS, Magalhaes LKC, Santana RAG, Maciel MG, Custódio A, Barbosa MDGV, Silveira H. Polymerase chain reaction-based method for the identification of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis and Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis in mucosal tissues conserved in paraffin. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2016; 48:555-9. [PMID: 26516964 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0132-2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the Americas, mucosal leishmaniasis is primarily associated with infection by Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis. However, Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis is another important cause of this disease in the Brazilian Amazon. In this study, we aimed at detecting Leishmaniadeoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) within paraffin-embedded fragments of mucosal tissues, and characterizing the infecting parasite species. METHODS We evaluated samples collected from 114 patients treated at a reference center in the Brazilian Amazon by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses. RESULTS Direct examination of biopsy imprints detected parasites in 10 of the 114 samples, while evaluation of hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides detected amastigotes in an additional 17 samples. Meanwhile, 31/114 samples (27.2%) were positive for Leishmania spp. kinetoplast deoxyribonucleic acid (kDNA) by PCR analysis. Of these, 17 (54.8%) yielded amplification of the mini-exon PCR target, thereby allowing for PCR-RFLP-based identification. Six of the samples were identified as L. (V.) braziliensis, while the remaining 11 were identified as L. (V.) guyanensis. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study demonstrate the feasibility of applying molecular techniques for the diagnosis of human parasites within paraffin-embedded tissues. Moreover, our findings confirm that L. (V.) guyanensisis a relevant causative agent of mucosal leishmaniasis in the Brazilian Amazon.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ana Custódio
- Centro de Malária e outras Doenças Tropicais, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Henrique Silveira
- Centro de Malária e outras Doenças Tropicais, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Lisboa, Portugal
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Fagundes-Silva GA, Romero GAS, Cupolillo E, Yamashita EPG, Gomes-Silva A, Guerra JADO, Da-Cruz AM. Leishmania (Viannia) naiffi: rare enough to be neglected? Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2016; 110:797-800. [PMID: 26517660 PMCID: PMC4667584 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760150128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In the Brazilian Amazon, American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) is endemic and
presents a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations due, in part, to the circulation
of at least seven Leishmania species. Few reports of
Leishmania (Viannia) naiffi infection suggest that its occurrence
is uncommon and the reported cases present a benign clinical course and a good
response to treatment. This study aimed to strengthen the clinical and
epidemiological importance of L. (V.) naiffi in the Amazon Region
(Manaus, state of Amazonas) and to report therapeutic failure in patients infected
with this species. Thirty Leishmania spp samples isolated from
cutaneous lesions were characterised by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis. As
expected, the most common species was Leishmania (V.) guyanensis (20
cases). However, a relevant number ofL. (V.) naiffi patients (8
cases) was observed, thus demonstrating that this species is not uncommon in the
region. No patient infected withL. (V.) naiffi evolved to
spontaneous cure until the start of treatment, which indicated that this species may
not have a self-limiting nature. In addition, two of the patients experienced a poor
response to antimonial or pentamidine therapy. Thus, either ATL cases due to
L. (V.) naiffi cannot be as uncommon as previously thought or
this species is currently expanding in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elisa Cupolillo
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Leishmaniose, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | | | - Adriano Gomes-Silva
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | | | - Alda Maria Da-Cruz
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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Scarpassa VM, Figueiredo ADS, Alencar RB. Genetic diversity and population structure in the Leishmania guyanensis vector Lutzomyia anduzei (Diptera, Psychodidae) from the Brazilian Amazon. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2015; 31:312-20. [PMID: 25701124 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Lutzomyia (Nyssomyia) anduzei has been recognized as a secondary vector of Leishmania guyanensis in the Brazilian Amazon region. Since L. anduzei is anthropophilic, co-exists in areas of high leishmaniasis transmission and has been found infected with L. guyanensis, the understanding of the vector population structure and of the process responsible for it is paramount to the vector management and control efforts. In this study we analyzed 74 and 67 sequences of the COI and Cytb loci, respectively, from mitochondrial DNA, aiming to estimate the intra-population genetic variability and population structure in six L. anduzei samples from the Brazilian Amazon region. For COI, we found 58 haplotypes, low to high (FST=0.0310-0.4128) and significant (P=0.0033) genetic structure, and reduced gene flow among populations. The haplotype network yielded many reticulations that likely resulted from hypervariability in the locus. For Cytb, we observed 27 haplotypes, low to moderate (FST=0.0077-0.1954) and nonsignificant (P>0.05) genetic structure for the majority of comparisons and extensive gene flow among populations, in line with the haplotypes network data. AMOVA analysis indicated that most of the variation occurred within populations (83.41%, 90.94%); nevertheless, there were significant differences (ΦST=0.0906-0.1659; P=0.00098; P=0.00000) among them for both loci. The Mantel test showed that the genetic structure is not associated to an isolation-by-distance (IBD) model in either of both loci. These data suggest that L. anduzei is genetically very diverse. The genetic structure lacking IBD may be due to adaptation to local habitats and the low dispersal capacity of the sandflies, and both could lead to population fragmentation and geographic isolation. These findings have important implications for epidemiology, surveillance and vector control and may be a first step in understanding the evolutionary history of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Margarete Scarpassa
- Laboratório de Genética de Populações e Evolução de Mosquitos Vetores de Malária e Dengue, Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
| | - Adrya da Silva Figueiredo
- Laboratório de Genética de Populações e Evolução de Mosquitos Vetores de Malária e Dengue, Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
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Figueira EAG, Silva G, Chagas ECDS, Shimabukuro PHF. Phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) from Lábrea, state of Amazonas, Brazil, with a description of Evandromyia (Aldamyia) apurinan Shimabukuro, Figueira & Silva, sp. nov. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2014; 108:S0074-02762013000300280. [PMID: 23778658 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762013000300004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An entomological survey was conducted from July-December 2009 and September-December 2010, as part of the epidemiological monitoring of American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) in the municipality of Lábrea, state of Amazonas (AM), Brazil. Sandflies were collected using CDC light traps installed in intra and peridomiciliary locations, as well as the border of forested areas around houses where autochthonous cases of ACL were recorded. A total of 510 sandflies belonging to 26 species were collected. The most abundant species was Nyssomyia antunesi (44.5%) followed by Evandromyia walkeri (10.6%) and Micropygomyia rorotaensis (9.8%). Here we also describe Evandromyia (Aldamyia) apurinan sp. nov. and report new records for Trichophoromyia flochi and Evandromyia sipani in AM and Brazil, respectively. Our results describe the composition of the sandfly fauna in the south of AM and suggest Ny. antunesi as the putative vector in the transmission of Leishmania in this area of the Amazon Region.
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Guerra JAO, Coelho LIRC, Pereira FR, Siqueira AM, Ribeiro RL, Almeida TML, Lacerda MVG, Barbosa MDGV, Talhari S. American tegumentary leishmaniasis and HIV-AIDS association in a tertiary care center in the Brazilian Amazon. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2011; 85:524-7. [PMID: 21896816 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2011.11-0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are both common infectious diseases in the Brazilian Amazon with overlapping expansion areas, which leads to the occurrence of Leishmania/HIV coinfection. Most ATL/HIV-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) association cases have been reported from areas where Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis is the main pathogen; this finding is in contrast with the Amazon region, where L. (V.) guyanensis is the most implicated agent, implying distinct clinical and therapeutic aspects. We describe 15 cases of ATL/HIV coinfection treated in a tertiary care center in the Brazilian Amazon between 1999 and 2008. Thirteen patients presented with diverse clinical manifestations of cutaneous leishmaniasis, and four of them had disseminated forms; two patients presented with mucosal leishmaniasis (ML). Seven patients required more than one course of treatment. The particularities of ATL/HIV-AIDS association in L. (V.) guyanensis-endemic areas require efforts for an increased understanding of its burden and subsequent improvements in case management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Augusto O Guerra
- Gerência de Leishmaniose, Gerência de DST e AIDS, Gerência de Malária, Gerência de Entomologia e Gerência de Dermatologia Tropical, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
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Mucosal Leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis and Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis in the Brazilian Amazon. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2011; 5:e980. [PMID: 21408116 PMCID: PMC3050903 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Accepted: 02/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis is a parasite recognized as the most important etiologic agent of mucosal leishmaniasis (ML) in the New World. In Amazonia, seven different species of Leishmania, etiologic agents of human Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, have been described. Isolated cases of ML have been described for several different species of Leishmania: L. (V.) panamensis, L. (V.) guyanensis and L. (L.) amazonensis. Methodology Leishmania species were characterized by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of tissues taken from mucosal biopsies of Amazonian patients who were diagnosed with ML and treated at the Tropical Medicine Foundation of Amazonas (FMTAM) in Manaus, Amazonas state, Brazil. Samples were obtained retrospectively from the pathology laboratory and prospectively from patients attending the aforementioned tertiary care unit. Results This study reports 46 cases of ML along with their geographical origin, 30 cases caused by L. (V.) braziliensis and 16 cases by L. (V.) guyanensis. This is the first record of ML cases in 16 different municipalities in the state of Amazonas and of simultaneous detection of both species in 4 municipalities of this state. It is also the first record of ML caused by L. (V.) guyanensis in the states of Pará, Acre, and Rondônia and cases of ML caused by L. (V.) braziliensis in the state of Rondônia. Conclusions/Significance L. (V.) braziliensis is the predominant species that causes ML in the Amazon region. However, contrary to previous studies, L. (V.) guyanensis is also a significant causative agent of ML within the region. The clinical and epidemiological expression of ML in the Manaus region is similar to the rest of the country, although the majority of ML cases are found south of the Amazon River.
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Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis identification by PCR in the state of Para, Brazil. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2011; 105:173-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trstmh.2010.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2009] [Revised: 11/16/2010] [Accepted: 11/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Characterization of Leishmania spp. causing cutaneous leishmaniasis in Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. Parasitol Res 2010; 108:671-7. [PMID: 21072540 PMCID: PMC3040821 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-010-2139-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2010] [Accepted: 09/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In the State of Amazonas, American tegumentary leishmaniasis is endemic and presents a wide spectrum of clinical variability due to the large diversity of circulating species in the region. Isolates from patients in Manaus and its metropolitan region were characterized using monoclonal antibodies and isoenzymes belonging to four species of the parasite: Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis, 73% (153/209); Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis, 14% (30/209); Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis, 8% (17/209); and Leishmania (Viannia) naiffii, 4% (9/209). The most prevalent species was L. (V.) guyanensis. The principal finding of this study was the important quantity of infections involving more than one parasite species, representing 14% (29/209) of the total. The findings obtained in this work regarding the parasite are further highlighted by the fact that these isolates were obtained from clinical samples collected from single lesions.
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Amato VS, Tuon FF, de Andrade, Jr HF, Bacha H, Pagliari C, Fernandes ER, Duarte MIS, Neto VA, Zampieri RA, Floeter-Winter LM, Celeste BJ, Oliveira J, Quiroga MM, Mascheretti M, Boulos M. Immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction on paraffin-embedded material improve the diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Amazon region. Int J Dermatol 2009; 48:1091-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2009.04099.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
Skin ulcers are a commonly encountered problem at departments of tropical dermatology in the Western world. Furthermore, the general dermatologist is likely to be consulted more often for imported chronic skin ulcers because of the ever-increasing travel to and from tropical countries. The most common cause of chronic ulceration throughout the world is probably pyoderma. However, in some parts of the world, cutaneous leishmaniasis is one of the most prevalent causes. Mycobacterium ulcerans is an important cause of chronic ulcers in West Africa. Bacterial infections include pyoderma, mycobacterial infections, diphtheria, and anthrax. Pyoderma is caused by Staphylococcus aureus and/or beta-hemolytic streptococci group A. This condition is a common cause of ulcerative skin lesions in tropical countries and is often encountered as a secondary infection in travelers. The diagnosis is often made on clinical grounds. Antibacterial treatment for pyoderma should preferably be based on culture outcome. Floxacillin is generally active against S. aureus and beta-hemolytic streptococci. Infection with Mycobacterium ulcerans, M. marinum, and M. tuberculosis may cause ulcers. Buruli ulcers, which are caused by M. ulcerans, are endemic in foci in West Africa and have been reported as an imported disease in the Western world. Treatment is generally surgical, although a combination of rifampin (rifampicin) and streptomycin may be effective in the early stage. M. marinum causes occasional ulcerating lesions in humans. Treatment regimens consist of combinations containing clarithromycin, rifampin, or ethambutol. Cutaneous tuberculosis is rare in travelers but may be encountered in immigrants from developing countries. Treatment is with multiple drug regimens consisting of isoniazid, ethambutol, pyrazinamide, and rifampin. Cutaneous diphtheria is still endemic in many tropical countries. Cutaneous diphtheria ulcers are nonspecific and erythromycin and penicillin are both effective antibacterials. Antitoxin should be administered intramuscularly in suspected cases. Anthrax is caused by spore-forming Bacillus anthracis. This infection is still endemic in many tropical countries. Eschar formation, which sloughs and leaves behind a shallow ulcer at the site of inoculation, characterizes cutaneous anthrax. Penicillin and doxycycline are effective antibacterials. Cutaneous leishmaniasis is caused by different species belonging to the genus Leishmania. The disorder is one of the ten most frequent causes of skin diseases in travelers returning from (sub)tropical countries. The clinical picture is diverse, ranging from a painless papule or nodule to an ulcer with or without a scab. Treatment depends on the clinical manifestations and the species involved.Sporotrichosis, chromo(blasto)mycosis, and mycetoma are the most common mycoses that may be accompanied by ulceration. Infections are restricted to certain regions and often result from direct penetration of the fungus into the skin. Anti-mycotic treatment depends on the microorganism involved. The most common causes of infectious skin ulceration encountered in patients from tropical countries who present at a department of tropical dermatology are reviewed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim E Zeegelaar
- Department of Dermatology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Sousa-Franco J, Araújo-Mendes E, Silva-Jardim I, L-Santos J, Faria DR, Dutra WO, Horta MDF. Infection-induced respiratory burst in BALB/c macrophages kills Leishmania guyanensis amastigotes through apoptosis: possible involvement in resistance to cutaneous leishmaniasis. Microbes Infect 2005; 8:390-400. [PMID: 16242371 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2005.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2005] [Revised: 05/12/2005] [Accepted: 07/04/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The immune mechanisms that underlie resistance and susceptibility to leishmaniasis are not completely understood for all species of Leishmania. It is becoming clear that the immune response, the parasite elimination by the host and, as a result, the outcome of the disease depend both on the host and on the species of the infecting Leishmania. Here, we analyzed the outcome of the infection of BALB/c mice with L. guyanensis in vivo and in vitro. We showed that BALB/c mice, which are a prototype of susceptible host for most species of Leishmania, dying from these infections, develop insignificant or no cutaneous lesions and eliminate the parasite when infected with promastigotes of L. guyanensis. In vitro, we found that thioglycollate-elicited BALB/c peritoneal macrophages, which are unable to eliminate L. amazonensis without previous activation with cytokines or lipopolysaccharide, can kill L. guyanensis amastigotes. This is the first report showing that infection of peritoneal macrophages with stationary phase promastigotes efficiently triggers innate microbicidal mechanisms that are effective in eliminating the amastigotes, without exogenous activation. We demonstrated that L. guyanensis amastigotes die inside the macrophages through an apoptotic process that is independent of nitric oxide and is mediated by reactive oxygen intermediates generated in the host cell during infection. This innate killing mechanism of macrophages may account for the resistance of BALB/c mice to infection by L. guyanensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junia Sousa-Franco
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, C.P. 486, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG 30161-970, Brazil
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Romero GAS, de la Glória Orge Orge M, de Farias Guerra MV, Paes MG, de Oliveira Macêdo V, de Carvalho EM. Antibody response in patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis infected by Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis or Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis in Brazil. Acta Trop 2005; 93:49-56. [PMID: 15589797 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2004.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2004] [Revised: 08/31/2004] [Accepted: 09/09/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The antibody response against Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis crude antigen was measured through the indirect immunofluorescent assay (IFA) and the immunoenzymatic assay (ELISA) in 114 patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Brazil. Fifty-four patients were infected by Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis, and 60 patients had L. (V.) guyanensis infection. Patients were comparable by age, sex, disease duration and the Montenegro skin test diameter. L. (V.) braziliensis-infected patients showed significant lower number of ulcerated lesions, greater ulcerated area and higher proportion of lymph node enlargement. Sensitivity of IFA was 79.6% (95% CI 66.1-88.9) and 71.7% (95% CI 58.4-82.2) for L. (V.) braziliensis and L. (V.) guyanensis-infected patients, respectively (P=0.324). Sensitivity of ELISA was 98.2% (95% CI 88.8-99.9) and 85.0% (95% CI 72.9-92.5) for L. (V.) braziliensis and L. (V.) guyanensis-infected patients, respectively (P=0.018). Significant differences were observed in the magnitude of the antibody response before treatment with higher levels detected in L. (V.) braziliensis-infected patients by both serologic techniques. Eighty-four patients had serologic evaluations before and 12 weeks after treatment with meglumine antimoniate, 20 mg/kg/day for 20 days. Significant lower optic density values were observed after treatment with both species independent of cure or failure. Our data showed that L. (V.) braziliensis induces a higher antibody response against L. (L.) amazonensis antigens than L. (V.) guyanensis and that down-modulation of the antibody response occurs shortly during disease evolution after treatment. Moreover the data support the use of ELISA as a better tool for detection of antibodies in CL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Adolfo Sierra Romero
- Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Caixa Postal 04517, Campus Universitário, Asa Norte, Brasília, Distrito Federal 70919-970, Brazil.
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