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Mathew AS, Clark C, Lauro PM, Khalid Z, McLaughlin NCR. Neurocysticercosis: Isolated Lesion in the Left Middle Frontal Gyrus. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2024; 39:528-534. [PMID: 38073329 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acad090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is one of the most common parasitic infections of the central nervous system. We present a case study of a 21-year-old African man with an isolated NCC lesion to the left middle frontal gyrus, which is also known as the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC). METHOD A neuropsychological evaluation was requested by the patient's inpatient psychiatry team regarding worsening attention and depressive symptoms approximately 6 months after NCC diagnosis and treatment. RESULTS Neuropsychological findings revealed deficits in the aspects of executive functioning, attention, working memory, and significant depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first case study of its kind demonstrating deficits in cognitive functioning consistent with the dlPFC lesion location. Sociocultural and linguistic considerations, clinical findings, and limitations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel S Mathew
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Butler Hospital, Providence, RI 02906, USA
| | - Carly Clark
- Butler Hospital, Providence, RI 02906, USA
- William James College, Newton, MA 02459, USA
| | - Peter M Lauro
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Butler Hospital, Providence, RI 02906, USA
| | - Zain Khalid
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Butler Hospital, Providence, RI 02906, USA
| | - Nicole C R McLaughlin
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Butler Hospital, Providence, RI 02906, USA
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Saito EK, Nagpal M, Leon A, Mehta B, McMurtray AM. Topographic congruence of calcified parenchymal neurocysticercosis and other structural brain lesions with epileptiform activity. Trop Parasitol 2016; 6:51-5. [PMID: 26998434 PMCID: PMC4778183 DOI: 10.4103/2229-5070.175093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Calcified parenchymal neurocysticercosis (NCC) lesions are commonly detected in many individuals with refractory epilepsy. However, the relationship between these lesions and epilepsy is not fully determined. We sought to determine if calcified parenchymal NCC demonstrated topographic congruence with epileptiform activity in refractory epilepsy patients. Additional patients with other structural brain lesions were included for comparison. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Retrospective cross-sectional analysis of all patients treated at a community-based neurology clinic for refractory epilepsy during a 3-month period and with structural brain lesions detected by neuroimaging studies. RESULTS A total of 105 patients were included in the study, including 63 with calcified parenchymal NCC lesions and 42 with other structural brain lesions. No significant relationship was detected between hemispheric localization of calcified parenchymal NCC lesions and epileptiform activity. For those with other structural brain lesions, the hemispheric localization was significantly related to the side of epileptiform activity (Chi-square = 11.13, P = 0.025). In addition, logistic regression models showed that those with right-sided non-NCC lesions were more likely to have right-sided epileptiform activity (odds ratio = 4.36, 95% confidence interval [CI] =1.16-16.31, P = 0.029), and those with left-sided non-NCC lesions were more likely to have left-sided epileptiform activity (odds ratio = 7.60, 95% CI = 1.89-30.49, P = 0.004). CONCLUSION The lack of correlation between the side of calcified parenchymal NCC lesions and the side of the epileptiform activity suggests that these lesions may be incidental findings in many patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin K Saito
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neurology, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Meera Nagpal
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neurology, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Amanda Leon
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neurology, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
- W. M. Keck Science Center, Pitzer College, Claremont, CA 91711, USA
| | - Bijal Mehta
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neurology, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90509, USA
| | - Aaron Matthew McMurtray
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neurology, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90509, USA
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Leon A, Saito EK, Mehta B, McMurtray AM. Calcified parenchymal central nervous system cysticercosis and clinical outcomes in epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2015; 43:77-80. [PMID: 25569744 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2014.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to compare clinical outcomes including seizure frequency and psychiatric symptoms between patients with epilepsy with neuroimaging evidence of past brain parenchymal neurocysticercosis infection, patients with other structural brain lesions, and patients without structural neuroimaging abnormalities. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included retrospective cross-sectional analysis of all patients treated for epilepsy in a community-based adult neurology clinic during a three-month period. RESULTS A total of 160 patients were included in the analysis, including 63 with neuroimaging findings consistent with past parenchymal neurocysticercosis infection, 55 with structurally normal brain neuroimaging studies, and 42 with other structural brain lesions. No significant differences were detected between groups for either seizure freedom (46.03%, 50.91%, and 47.62%, respectively; p=0.944) or mean seizure frequency per month (mean=2.50, S.D.=8.1; mean=4.83, S.D.=17.64; mean=8.55, S.D.=27.31, respectively; p=0.267). Self-reported depressive symptoms were more prevalent in those with parenchymal neurocysticercosis than in the other groups (p=0.003). No significant differences were detected for prevalence of self-reported anxiety or psychotic symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Calcified parenchymal neurocysticercosis results in refractory epilepsy about as often as other structural brain lesions. Depressive symptoms may be more common among those with epilepsy and calcified parenchymal neurocysticercosis; consequently, screening for depression may be indicated in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erin K Saito
- Neurology Division, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Bijal Mehta
- Neurology Division, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, CA, USA; Neurology Department, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Neurology Department, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Aaron M McMurtray
- Neurology Division, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, CA, USA; Neurology Department, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Neurology Department, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA.
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Mkupasi EM, Ngowi HA, Sikasunge CS, Leifsson PS, Johansen MV. Distribution and histopathological changes induced by cysts of Taenia solium in the brain of pigs from Tanzania. J Helminthol 2014:1-6. [PMID: 24905052 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x1400042x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Neurocysticercosis (NCC) caused by Taenia solium cysts is a frequent but neglected parasitic disease of the central nervous system (CNS) worldwide. The aim of this study was to describe anatomical locations of cysts in the CNS and the corresponding inflammation. A total of 17 naturally infected pigs were used to evaluate the distribution of cysts and, of these, seven were used to evaluate the corresponding inflammation further, through histopathology. Clinical signs in the pigs included dullness, sluggishness, somnolence, apathy and loss of consciousness. Cysts were distributed in all cerebral lobes, i.e. 39.7% in the frontal lobe, 20.3% in the parietal lobe, 20.0% in the occipital lobe and 19.7% in the temporal lobe, and only 0.4% in the cerebellum. No cysts were found in the spinal cord. Cysts were localized as follows: 47.9% in the dorsal subarachnoid, 46.9% in the parenchyma, 4.4% in the subarachnoid base and 0.9% in the ventricles. The results of the histopathology revealed lesions in an early inflammatory stage, i.e. stage I, in all anatomical locations except for two, which showed more of an inflammatory reaction, stage III, in one pig. It was concluded that clinical signs in pigs were neither pathognomonic nor consistent. These signs, therefore, cannot be used as a reliable indicator of porcine NCC. Furthermore, T. solium cysts were found to be in abundance in all cerebral lobes, and only a few were found in the cerebellum. Regarding the inflammatory response, no significant differences were found in the location and total number of cysts. Thus, further studies are needed to explain the determinants of cyst distribution in the CNS and assess in detail clinical signs associated with porcine NCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Mkupasi
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen,Thorvaldsensvej 57,1871Frederiksberg C,Denmark
| | - H A Ngowi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health,Sokoine University of Agriculture,PO Box 3021,Morogoro,Tanzania
| | - C S Sikasunge
- Department of Para-clinical Studies,School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia,PO Box 32379,Lusaka,Zambia
| | - P S Leifsson
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen,Thorvaldsensvej 57,1871Frederiksberg C,Denmark
| | - M V Johansen
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen,Thorvaldsensvej 57,1871Frederiksberg C,Denmark
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5
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Distribution and histopathological changes induced by cysts ofTaenia soliumin the brain of pigs from Tanzania. J Helminthol 2014; 89:559-64. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x14000418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractNeurocysticercosis (NCC) caused byTaenia soliumcysts is a frequent but neglected parasitic disease of the central nervous system (CNS) worldwide. The aim of this study was to describe anatomical locations of cysts in the CNS and the corresponding inflammation. A total of 17 naturally infected pigs were used to evaluate the distribution of cysts and, of these, seven were used to evaluate the corresponding inflammation further, through histopathology. Clinical signs in the pigs included dullness, sluggishness, somnolence, apathy and loss of consciousness. Cysts were distributed in all cerebral lobes, i.e. 39.7% in the frontal lobe, 20.3% in the parietal lobe, 20.0% in the occipital lobe and 19.7% in the temporal lobe, and only 0.4% in the cerebellum. No cysts were found in the spinal cord. Cysts were localized as follows: 47.9% in the dorsal subarachnoid, 46.9% in the parenchyma, 4.4% in the subarachnoid base and 0.9% in the ventricles. The results of the histopathology revealed lesions in an early inflammatory stage, i.e. stage I, in all anatomical locations except for two, which showed more of an inflammatory reaction, stage III, in one pig. It was concluded that clinical signs in pigs were neither pathognomonic nor consistent. These signs, therefore, cannot be used as a reliable indicator of porcine NCC. Furthermore,T. soliumcysts were found to be in abundance in all cerebral lobes, and only a few were found in the cerebellum. Regarding the inflammatory response, no significant differences were found in the location and total number of cysts. Thus, further studies are needed to explain the determinants of cyst distribution in the CNS and assess in detail clinical signs associated with porcine NCC.
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Plancarte A, Romero JR, Nava G, Reyes H, Hernández M. Evaluation of the non-catalytic binding function of Ts26GST a glutathione transferase isoform of Taenia solium. Exp Parasitol 2014; 138:63-70. [PMID: 24560769 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Taenia solium glutathione transferase isoform of 26.5 kDa (Ts26GST) was observed to bind non-catalytically to porphyrins, trans-trans-dienals, bile acids and fatty acids, as assessed by inhibition kinetics, fluorescence spectroscopy and competitive fluorescence assays with 8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulfonate (ANS). The quenching of Ts26GST intrinsic fluorescence allowed for the determination of the dissociation constants (KD) for all ligands. Obtained data indicate that Ts26GST binds to all ligands but with different affinity. Porphyrins and lipid peroxide products inhibited Ts26GST catalytic activity up to 100% in contrast with only 20-30% inhibition observed for bile acids and two saturated fatty acids. Non-competitive type inhibition was observed for all enzyme inhibitor ligands except for trans-trans-2,4-decadienal, which exhibited uncompetitive type inhibition. The dissociation constant value KD = 0.7 μM for the hematin ligand, determined by competitive fluorescence assays with ANS, was in good agreement with its inhibition kinetic value Ki = 0.3 μM and its intrinsic fluorescence quenching KD = 0.7 μM. The remaining ligands did not displace ANS from the enzyme suggesting the existence of different binding sites. In addition to the catalytic activity of Ts26GST the results obtained suggest that the enzyme exhibits a ligandin function with broad specificity towards nonsubstrate ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Plancarte
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, México, D.F. 04510, Mexico.
| | - J R Romero
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, México, D.F. 04510, Mexico
| | - G Nava
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, México, D.F. 04510, Mexico
| | - H Reyes
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica-Genética y División de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, D.F., Mexico
| | - M Hernández
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, México, D.F. 04510, Mexico
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Abstract
Rhizobiales (formerly named Rickettsiales) cause in rare instances meningitis and meningovasculitis, respectively. In case of history of exposure, infection by Rhizobiales needs to be considered since both diagnosis and therapy may be extremely difficult and pathogen-specific. The same applies to protozoa; in this chapter, Babesia species, free-living amoebae and Entamoeba histolytica infection, including severe meningitis and brain abscess, infection by Trypanosoma species (South American and African trypanosomiasis) are discussed with respect to history, epidemiology, clinical signs, and symptoms as well as differential diagnosis and therapy. Parasitic flatworms and roundworms, potentially able to invade the central nervous system, trematodes (flukes), cestodes (in particular, Cysticercus cellulosae), but also nematodes (in particular, Strongyloides spp. in the immunocompromised) are of worldwide importance. In contrast, filarial worms, Toxocara spp., Trichinella spp., Gnathostoma and Angiostrongylus spp. are seen only in certain geographically confined areas. Even more regionally confined are infestations of the central nervous system by metazoa, in particular, tongue worms (=arthropods) or larvae of flies (=maggots). The aim of this chapter is (1) to alert the neurologist to these infections, and (2) to enable the attending emergency neurologist to take a knowledgeable history, with an emphasis on epidemiology, clinical signs, and symptoms as well as therapeutic management possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erich Schmutzhard
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Hospital Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Raimund Helbok
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Hospital Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Kobayashi KI, Nakamura-Uchiyama F, Nishiguchi T, Isoda K, Kokubo Y, Ando K, Katurahara M, Sako Y, Yanagida T, Ito A, Iwabuchi S, Ohnishi K. Rare case of disseminated cysticercosis and taeniasis in a Japanese traveler after returning from India. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2013; 89:58-62. [PMID: 23629930 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.12-0355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
We report disseminated cysticercosis concurrent with taeniasis in a 31-year-old male Japanese, who had visited India three times and stayed for 1 month each time during the previous 1 year. The patient presented increasing numbers of subcutaneous nodules and expelled proglottids, although numerous cysts were also found in the brain in imaging findings, though no neurological symptoms were observed. Histopathological and serological findings strongly indicated cysticercosis. We found taeniid eggs in his stool by microscopic examination and revealed them as the Indian haplotype of Taenia solium by mitochondrial DNA analysis. We concluded that disseminated cysticercosis was caused by the secondary autoinfection with eggs released from the tapeworm carrier himself. After confirming the absence of adult worms in the intestine by copro-polymerase chain reaction, the patient was successfully treated with albendazole at a dose of 15 mg/kg/day for 28 days. Subcutaneous and intracranial lesions had completely disappeared by the end of the treatment period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-ichiro Kobayashi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo Metropolitan Bokutoh General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Akhtar MN, Agarwal S. Disseminated cysticercosis incidentally diagnosed in a patient of low backache: A case report and concise review of literature. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2012; 5:582-6. [DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(12)60103-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Revised: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Vale TC, Duani H, Macedo DL, Christo PP. Cranial hypertrophic pachymeningitis secondary to neurocysticercosis. Neurol Sci 2012; 34:401-3. [PMID: 22402790 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-012-1002-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2011] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
We report a case of a 46-year-old Brazilian woman, a farmer, who presented with recently uncontrolled epilepsy, daily headaches and ataxia. Cranial CT revealed hydrocephalus which was treated with ventricular drainage. Brain MRI revealed multiple parenchymal cysts of varying stages of neurocysticercosis. In addition, the patient presented with diffuse dural enhancement consisted with pachymeningitis, which is quite an unusual manifestation of neurocysticercosis.
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Carod JF, Randrianarison M, Razafimahefa J, Ramahefarisoa RM, Rakotondrazaka M, Debruyne M, Dautigny M, Cazal P, Andriantseheno ML, Charles ER. Evaluation of the performance of 5 commercialized enzyme immunoassays for the detection of Taenia solium antibodies and for the diagnosis of neurocysticercosis. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2012; 72:85-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2011.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Revised: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Piña R, Gutiérrez AH, Gilman RH, Rueda D, Sifuentes C, Flores M, Sheen P, Rodriguez S, García HH, Zimic M. A dot-ELISA using a partially purified cathepsin-L-like protein fraction from Taenia solium cysticerci, for the diagnosis of human neurocysticercosis. ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY 2011; 105:311-8. [PMID: 21871167 DOI: 10.1179/136485911x12987676649782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Human neurocysticercosis (NCC), caused by the cestode Taenia solium, is responsible for a significant amount of neurological morbidity and epilepsy in developing countries. The disease remains highly endemic in many areas, despite several efforts and interventions to control it. A simple, cheap and fast diagnostic assay that is suitable for use in field conditions is highly desired. In immunodiagnostics based on western immunoblots or standard ELISA, a cathepsin-L-like protein purified from the cysticercus fluid has previously performed well as an antigen. In a recent study in Peru, the same 53/25-kDa antigen was therefore used in the development of a dot-ELISA that could be employed for mass screenings under field conditions. The assay was standardized and tested not only against sera from a large group of NCC cases but also against sera from patients with other common parasitic infections, so that sensitivity and specificity could be assessed. For NCC, the assay gave better sensitivity in the detection of individuals with extraparenchymal cysts (94·4%-100%) or multiple parenchymal cysts (74·6%-80·0%) than in the detection of individuals with single parenchymal cysts (29·4%-45·1%). The assay also showed a high specificity for NCC (99·0%-100%), with a very low level of cross-reactivity with other parasitic infections. The dot-ELISA developed in this study is a highly specific, simple, cheap and rapid test for NCC that could be used under field conditions, even in the low-resource settings that are common in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Piña
- Unidad de Bioinformática y Biología Molecular, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, San Martín de Porres, Lima, Peru
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Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Neurocysticercosis. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2011; 11:529-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s11910-011-0226-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Kim SH, Bae YA, Yang Y, Hong ST, Kong Y. Paralogous proteins comprising the 150 kDa hydrophobic-ligand-binding-protein complex of the Taenia solium metacestode have evolved non-overlapped binding affinities toward fatty acid analogs. Int J Parasitol 2011; 41:1207-15. [PMID: 21839082 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2011.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Revised: 07/07/2011] [Accepted: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
We previously identified a hydrophobic-ligand-binding protein (HLBP) of the Taenia solium metacestode (TsM), which might be involved in the uptake of fatty acids (FAs) from host environments. The TsM 150kDa HLBP was a hetero-oligomeric complex composed of multiple 7kDa (RS1) and 10kDa (CyDA, b1 and m13h) subunits, and displayed a wide spectrum of binding affinities toward various FA analogs. In this study, we analysed biochemical properties and phylogenetic relationships of the individual subunits. Despite the low sequence identity (average 26.5%), these subunit proteins conserved an α-helix-rich structural domain and the first introns inserted in each of the respective chromosomal genes were found to be orthologous to one another, suggesting their common evolutionary origin. The recombinant RS1 protein bound strongly to all of the FA analogs examined including 11-[(5-dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulfonyl)amino]undecanoic acid (DAUDA), but not to 16-(9-anthroyloxy)palmitic acid (16-AP). The interactive binding between RS1 and FA analogs was specifically interfered with by the addition of non-fluorescent FA molecules or antibodies specific to the 150kDa protein. Conversely, the 10kDa members reacted only with the palmitic acid-derived 16-AP, whose interactive force was strengthened by the presence of other FA molecules. The use of mutagenic RS1 proteins demonstrated that a structural/electrostatic integrity around the second α-helix, rather than the conventional Trp residue, was the major factor governing the hydrophobic interaction. The 7 and 10kDa proteins exhibited distinctive immunoreactive patterns against sera from neurocysticercosis patients. These collective data suggest that the paralogous protein family have gained diverse functions during their evolution, to ensure the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis and survival of TsMs in hostile host environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Hee Kim
- Department of Molecular Parasitology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, Samsung Biomedical Research Center, 300 Cheoncheon-dong, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 440-746, Republic of Korea
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Bhattarai R, Budke CM, Carabin H, Proaño JV, Flores-Rivera J, Corona T, Cowan LD, Ivanek R, Snowden KF, Flisser A. Quality of life in patients with neurocysticercosis in Mexico. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2011; 84:782-6. [PMID: 21540389 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2011.10-0646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare quality of life measures in patients with neurocysticercosis (NCC) to those of a matched control group. The NCC outpatients and their controls were recruited from two neurology referral hospitals in Mexico City, Mexico during 2007-2008. The quality of life of 224 NCC patients was compared with 224 age-sex-hospital-day matched controls using the short form 12 v2 (SF-12 v2) quality of life survey. Medical chart reviews were also conducted for the NCC outpatients to evaluate presenting clinical manifestations. Compared with the controls, NCC patients had a significantly lower score for each of the eight domains of health evaluated and significantly lower Physical and Mental Component Summary scores. Chart reviews indicated that hydrocephalus (48%), severe headaches (47%), and epilepsy (31%) were the most common clinical manifestations in these NCC outpatients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachana Bhattarai
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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