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Fang H, Xu X, Zhang H, Sun Q, Sun J. Alloying Effect on Transformation Strain and Martensitic Transformation Temperature of Ti-Based Alloys from Ab Initio Calculations. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6069. [PMID: 37687762 PMCID: PMC10488558 DOI: 10.3390/ma16176069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The accurate prediction of alloying effects on the martensitic transition temperature (Ms) is still a big challenge. To investigate the composition-dependent lattice deformation strain and the Ms upon the β to α″ phase transition, we calculate the total energies and transformation strains for two selected Ti-Nb-Al and Ti-Nb-Ta ternaries employing a first-principles method. The adopted approach accurately estimates the alloying effect on lattice strain and the Ms by comparing it with the available measurements. The largest elongation and the largest compression due to the lattice strain occur along ±[011]β and ±[100]β, respectively. As compared to the overestimation of the Ms from existing empirical relationships, an improved Ms estimation can be realized using our proposed empirical relation by associating the measured Ms with the energy difference between the β and α″ phases. There is a satisfactory agreement between the predicted and measured Ms, implying that the proposed empirical relation could accurately describe the coupling alloying effect on Ms. Both Al and Ta strongly decrease the Ms, which is in line with the available observations. A correlation between the Ms and elastic modulus, C44, is found, implying that elastic moduli may be regarded as a prefactor of composition-dependent Ms. This work sheds deep light on precisely and directly predicting the Ms of Ti-containing alloys from the first-principles method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglin Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (H.F.); (X.X.); (J.S.)
| | - Xingge Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (H.F.); (X.X.); (J.S.)
| | - Hualei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (H.F.); (X.X.); (J.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Qiaoyan Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (H.F.); (X.X.); (J.S.)
| | - Jun Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (H.F.); (X.X.); (J.S.)
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2
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Jawed SF, Rabadia CD, Khan MA, Khan SJ. Effect of Alloying Elements on the Compressive Mechanical Properties of Biomedical Titanium Alloys: A Systematic Review. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:29526-29542. [PMID: 36061649 PMCID: PMC9434758 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Due to problems such as the stress-shielding effect, strength-ductility trade-off dilemma, and use of rare-earth, expensive elements with high melting points in Ti alloys, the need for the design of new Ti alloys for biomedical applications has emerged. This article reports the effect of various alloying elements on the compressive mechanical performance of Ti alloys for biomedical applications for the first time as a systematic review following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines on this subject. The search strategy in this systematic review used Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed databases and searched the articles using (Beta-type OR β) AND Titanium AND (Mechanical property OR Microstructure) AND Alloying element keywords. Original articles from 2016 to 2022 published in English have been selected for this study as per the inclusion criteria. The results have shown that Nb can be used as the primary alloying element with Ti as it is a strong β-stabilizer element which also reduces the elastic modulus of Ti alloys. The β-eutectic elements (Fe, Cr, and Mn) have also emerged as cost-effective alloying elements that could improve the mechanical performance of Ti alloys. Ti-Nb-Zr-Ta alloyed with Si has shown potential to withstand the strength-ductility trade-off dilemma. The combination of a Ti-Nb binary alloy has emerged as an attractive material for designing low elastic modulus Ti alloys. The mechanical performance of the Ti-Nb alloy can be further improved using the β-eutectic (Fe, Cr, and Mn) and neutral (Zr, Sn) elements to be alloyed with a Ti-Nb binary alloy. The strength-ductility trade-off issue can be overcome using Si as an alloying element in Ti-Nb-Zr-Ta alloys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Faraz Jawed
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, NED University
of Engineering & Technology, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Chirag Dhirajlal Rabadia
- School
of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia 6027, Australia
- Engineering
Institute of Technology, Marquis Street, Bentley, Western Australia 6012, Australia
| | - Muhammad Ahmed Khan
- Department
of Health Technology, Technical University
of Denmark, Lyngby 2800, Denmark
- School of
Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
| | - Saad Jawaid Khan
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Ziauddin University, Karachi 74600, Pakistan
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MOHAMMED S, DAĞDELEN F, QADER IN. Effect of Ta content on Microstructure and Phase Transformation Temperatures of Ti75.5-Nb25.5 (%at.) Alloy. GAZI UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.35378/gujs.947678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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4
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Jawed SF, Liu YJ, Wang JC, Rabadia CD, Wang LQ, Li YH, Zhang XH, Zhang LC. Tailoring deformation and superelastic behaviors of beta-type Ti-Nb-Mn-Sn alloys. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 110:103867. [PMID: 32957184 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A group of Ti-25Nb-xMn-ySn (in wt%; x = 2, 4 and y = 1, 5) alloys were designed using the "BF-d-electron superelasticity" empirical relationship and subsequently were cast in order to investigate their microstructure, deformation and superelastic behaviors. Monolithic β phase is found in all investigated alloys except in Ti-25Nb-2Mn-1Sn alloy which exhibits α"+β dual-phase microstructure. During compression testing, the Ti-25Nb-2Mn-1Sn alloy fails and demonstrates sufficient plasticity of ~ 41% and ultimate compressive strength of ~ 1800 MPa, where other alloys do not fail within the load capacity of 100 kN. Among all the investigated alloys, Ti-25Nb-4Mn-1Sn alloy exhibits the highest yield strength (~ 710 MPa) while Ti-25Nb-2Mn-1Sn alloy possesses the highest hardness (~ 244 HV). In this work, yield strength is influenced by solid solution and grain boundary strengthening while hardness is affected by the amount of constituent phases in each alloy. Additionally, Ti-25Nb-4Mn-1Sn shows highest recoverable strain (2.35%) and superelastic recovery ratio (90%) during cyclic loading-unloading up to 3% strain level, with highest total energy absorption among the investigated alloys. Moreover, all the Ti-25Nb-xMn-ySn alloys display shear bands except that Ti-25Nb-2Mn-1Sn alloy displays shear bands together with some cracks on the outer surface of compressively deformed morphologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Jawed
- School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, Perth, WA, 6027, Australia
| | - Y J Liu
- School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - J C Wang
- School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, Perth, WA, 6027, Australia
| | - C D Rabadia
- School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, Perth, WA, 6027, Australia
| | - L Q Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Material Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Y H Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - X H Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - L C Zhang
- School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, Perth, WA, 6027, Australia.
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Nasakina EO, Konushkin SV, Sudarchikova MA, Sergienko KV, Baikin AS, Tsareva AM, Kaplan MA, Kolmakov AG, Sevost’yanov MA. Obtaining a Wire of Biocompatible Superelastic Alloy Ti-28Nb-5Zr. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E2187. [PMID: 32397478 PMCID: PMC7254264 DOI: 10.3390/ma13092187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Using the methods of electric arc melting, intermediate heat treatments, and consecutive intensive plastic deformation, a Ti-Nb-Zr alloy wire with a diameter of 1200 μm was obtained with a homogeneous chemical and phase (β-Ti body-centered crystal lattice) composition corresponding to the presence of superelasticity and shape memory effect, corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. Perhaps the wire structure is represented by grains with a nanoscale diameter. For the wire obtained after stabilizing annealing, the proof strength Rp0.2 is 635 MPa, tensile strength is 840 MPa and Young's modulus is 22 GPa, relative elongation is 6.76%. No toxicity was detected. The resulting wire is considered to be promising for medical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena O. Nasakina
- A.A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Material Science RAS (IMET RAS), Institution of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect, 49, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (S.V.K.); (M.A.S.); (K.V.S.); (A.S.B.); (A.M.T.); (M.A.K.); (A.G.K.); (M.A.S.)
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Sheremetyev V, Petrzhik M, Zhukova Y, Kazakbiev A, Arkhipova A, Moisenovich M, Prokoshkin S, Brailovski V. Structural, physical, chemical, and biological surface characterization of thermomechanically treated Ti-Nb-based alloys for bone implants. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2019; 108:647-662. [PMID: 31121090 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Metastable near-beta Ti-21.8Nb-6Zr and Ti-19.7Nb-5.8Ta (at%) alloys were subjected to a thermomechanical treatment comprising cold rolling (CR) with a true strain of e = 0.3 and post-deformation annealing (PDA) in the 500-900°C temperature range to ensure the superelastic behavior which is important for bone implants. It was found that PDA resulted in formation of about 1-2 μm-thick oxide layer on the Ti-Nb-Zr and Ti-Nb-Ta alloy samples; the layer was mainly composed of TiO2 , in rutile and anatase modifications. The structure, the phase and chemical compositions, and some surface-sensitive properties of the alloys were compared to those of Ti-50.7Ni and Ti-Grade2 reference materials. These surface layers (especially that of the Ti-Nb-Zr alloy) demonstrated a promising combination of high cohesion strength (load causing surface layer fracture is over 25 N), hardness (∼12 GPa), and hydrophilicity (contact angle ∼40°). Surface modification by controlled oxidation during air annealing increases corrosion resistance and enhances in vivo osteoinductive properties of Ti-Nb-Zr alloys by changing the surface microrelief, increasing the surface wettability, and improving the mechanical characteristics, thus laying the foundation for the development of medical implants with prolonged service life. So, it was confirmed that the same thermomechanical treatment, which creates conditions for the superelastic behavior of the bulk metal (CR: e = 0.3 + PDA = 500-700°C for 1 hr), would also create a strong, protective and biocompatible layer on the implant surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Sheremetyev
- National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Petrzhik
- National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia Zhukova
- National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Moscow, Russia
| | - Alibek Kazakbiev
- National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia Arkhipova
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute ("MONIKI"), Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Sergey Prokoshkin
- National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Moscow, Russia
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7
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Giant thermal expansion and α-precipitation pathways in Ti-alloys. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1429. [PMID: 29127330 PMCID: PMC5681671 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01578-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Ti-alloys represent the principal structural materials in both aerospace development and metallic biomaterials. Key to optimizing their mechanical and functional behaviour is in-depth know-how of their phases and the complex interplay of diffusive vs. displacive phase transformations to permit the tailoring of intricate microstructures across a wide spectrum of configurations. Here, we report on structural changes and phase transformations of Ti–Nb alloys during heating by in situ synchrotron diffraction. These materials exhibit anisotropic thermal expansion yielding some of the largest linear expansion coefficients (+ 163.9×10−6 to −95.1×10−6 °C−1) ever reported. Moreover, we describe two pathways leading to the precipitation of the α-phase mediated by diffusion-based orthorhombic structures, α″lean and α″iso. Via coupling the lattice parameters to composition both phases evolve into α through rejection of Nb. These findings have the potential to promote new microstructural design approaches for Ti–Nb alloys and β-stabilized Ti-alloys in general. Complex phase transformations in β-stabilised titanium alloys can dramatically change their α and β microstructures, providing tailorability for aerospace or biomaterial applications. Here the authors show that Ti-Nb alloys exhibit giant thermal expansions and identify two new pathways that lead to α phase formation.
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8
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Wu J, Li H, Yuan B, Gao Y. High recoverable strain tailoring by Zr adjustment of sintered Ti-13Nb-(0-6)Zr biomedical alloys. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2017; 75:574-580. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2017.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Mazigi O, Kannan MB, Xu J, Choe HC, Ye Q. Biocompatibility and Degradation of a Low Elastic Modulus Ti-35Nb-3Zr Alloy: Nanosurface Engineering for Enhanced Degradation Resistance. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 3:509-517. [PMID: 33429618 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the biocompatibility and degradation behavior of a low elastic modulus Ti-35Nb-3Zr alloy were investigated and compared with that of the conventional orthopedic and dental implant materials, i.e., commercially pure titanium (Cp-Ti) and Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The biocompatibility test results suggested that cells proliferate equally well on Ti-35Nb-3Zr and Cp-Ti. The degradation rates of Cp-Ti and Ti-6Al-4V were ∼68% (p < 0.05) and ∼84% (p < 0.05) lower as compared to Ti-35Nb-3Zr, respectively. Interestingly, the passive current density (ipass (1000mv)) of the Ti-35Nb-3Zr alloy was ∼29% lower than that of Cp-Ti, which suggests that the alloying elements in the Ti-35Nb-3Zr alloy have contributed to its passivation behavior. Nanosurface engineering of the Ti-35Nb-3Zr alloy, i.e., a two-step electrochemical process involving anodization (producing nanoporous layer) and calcium phosphate (CaP) deposition, decreased the degradation rate of the alloy by ∼83% (p < 0.05), and notably, it was similar to the conventional Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Hence, it can be suggested that the nanosurface-engineered low elastic modulus Ti-35Nb-3Zr alloy is a promising material for orthopedic and dental implant applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ohan Mazigi
- Biomaterials and Engineering Materials (BEM) Laboratory College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, 1 James Cook Drive, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - M Bobby Kannan
- Biomaterials and Engineering Materials (BEM) Laboratory College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, 1 James Cook Drive, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Jia Xu
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, 14-88 McGregor Road, Cairns, Queensland 4878, Australia
| | - Han-Cheol Choe
- Department of Dental Materials, Chosun University, 375 Seosuk-dong, Dong-gu, Gwangju 501-759, South Korea
| | - Qingsong Ye
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, 288 Herston Road, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
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Ogawa Y, Ando D, Sutou Y, Koike J. A lightweight shape-memory magnesium alloy. Science 2016; 353:368-70. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aaf6524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Ogawa
- Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11, Aoba-yama, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ando
- Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11, Aoba-yama, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yuji Sutou
- Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11, Aoba-yama, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Junichi Koike
- Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11, Aoba-yama, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
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Chaves J, Florêncio O, Silva P, Marques P, Afonso C. Influence of phase transformations on dynamical elastic modulus and anelasticity of beta Ti–Nb–Fe alloys for biomedical applications. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2015; 46:184-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2015.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 02/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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12
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Factors influencing the elastic moduli, reversible strains and hysteresis loops in martensitic Ti–Nb alloys. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 48:511-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Bönisch M, Calin M, Waitz T, Panigrahi A, Zehetbauer M, Gebert A, Skrotzki W, Eckert J. Thermal stability and phase transformations of martensitic Ti-Nb alloys. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2013; 14:055004. [PMID: 27877611 PMCID: PMC5090374 DOI: 10.1088/1468-6996/14/5/055004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Aiming at understanding the governing microstructural phenomena during heat treatments of Ni-free Ti-based shape memory materials for biomedical applications, a series of Ti-Nb alloys with Nb concentrations up to 29 wt% was produced by cold-crucible casting, followed by homogenization treatment and water quenching. Despite the large amount of literature available concerning the thermal stability and ageing behavior of Ti-Nb alloys, only few studies were performed dealing with the isochronal transformation behavior of initially martensitic Ti-Nb alloys. In this work, the formation of martensites (α' and α″) and their stability under different thermal processing conditions were investigated by a combination of x-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, dilatometry and electron microscopy. The effect of Nb additions on the structural competition in correlation with stable and metastable phase diagrams was also studied. Alloys with 24 wt% Nb or less undergo a [Formula: see text] transformation sequence on heating from room temperature to 1155 K. In alloys containing >24 wt% Nb α″ martensitically reverts back to β0, which is highly unstable against chemical demixing by formation of isothermal ωiso. During slow cooling from the single phase β domain α precipitates and only very limited amounts of α″ martensite form.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariana Calin
- IFW-Dresden, PO Box 270116, D-01171 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Waitz
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ajit Panigrahi
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Annett Gebert
- IFW-Dresden, PO Box 270116, D-01171 Dresden, Germany
| | - Werner Skrotzki
- TU Dresden, Institut für Strukturphysik, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jürgen Eckert
- IFW-Dresden, PO Box 270116, D-01171 Dresden, Germany
- TU Dresden, Institut für Werkstoffwissenschaft, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
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Li Q, Niinomi M, Hieda J, Nakai M, Cho K. Deformation-induced ω phase in modified Ti-29Nb-13Ta-4.6Zr alloy by Cr addition. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:8027-35. [PMID: 23624220 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
For spinal-fixation applications, implants should have a high Young's modulus to reduce springback during operations, though a low Young's modulus is required to prevent stress shielding for patients after surgeries. In the present study, Ti-29Nb-13Ta-4.6Zr alloy (TNTZ) with a low Young's modulus was modified by adding Cr to obtain a higher deformation-induced Young's modulus in order to satisfy these contradictory requirements. Two newly designed alloys, TNTZ-8Ti-2Cr and TNTZ-16Ti-4Cr, possess more stable β phases than TNTZ. These alloys consist of single β phases and exhibit relatively low Young's moduli of <65GPa after solution treatment. However, after cold rolling, they exhibit higher Young's moduli owing to a deformation-induced ω-phase transformation. These modified TNTZ alloys show significantly less springback than the original TNTZ alloy based on tensile and bending loading-unloading tests. Thus, the Cr-added TNTZ alloys are beneficial for spinal-fixation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
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16
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Woldemedhin MT, Raabe D, Hassel AW. Characterization of thin anodic oxides of Ti–Nb alloys by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Electrochim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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17
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Zhu Y, Wang L, Wang M, Liu Z, Qin J, Zhang D, Lu W. Superelastic and shape memory properties of Ti x Nb3Zr2Ta alloys. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2012; 12:151-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2012.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2011] [Revised: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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A thermo-mechanical treatment to improve the superelastic performances of biomedical Ti–26Nb and Ti–20Nb–6Zr (at.%) alloys. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2011; 4:1864-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2011.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2010] [Revised: 06/02/2011] [Accepted: 06/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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19
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Abstract
In order to increase critical stress for slip in Ti-Nb base shape memory alloys, strengthening by carbon additions (0.2 and 0.5mass%C) to Ti-27mol%Nb was investigated. It was found that all the alloys were (bcc) phase at room temperature, and TiC existed in C-added alloys. The grain size was decreased with carbon content due to grain boundary pinning. Texture measurement revealed that strong {112}<110> recrystallization texture was formed in C-free alloy and that weak {001}<110> texture in C-added alloys. Tensile tests revealed that clear superelasticity appeared in C-free alloy but that stress-induced martensitic transformation seems to be suppressed by TiC in C-added alloys. The critical stress for slip was linearly increased by carbon content. Then, carbon addition affects the shape memory properties of TiNb alloys, and is effective to enhance the critical stress for slip.
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21
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Li S, Cui T, Hao Y, Yang R. Fatigue properties of a metastable beta-type titanium alloy with reversible phase transformation. Acta Biomater 2008; 4:305-17. [PMID: 18006397 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2007.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2007] [Revised: 08/15/2007] [Accepted: 09/25/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Due to recent concern about allergic and toxic effects of Ni ions released from TiNi alloy into human body, much attention has been focused on the development of new Ni-free, metastable beta-type biomedical titanium alloys with a reversible phase transformation between the beta phase and the alpha'' martensite. This study investigates the effect of the stress-induced alpha'' martensite on the mechanical and fatigue properties of Ti-24Nb-4Zr-7.6Sn (wt.%) alloy. The results show that the as-forged alloy has a low dynamic Young's modulus of 55GPa and a recoverable tensile strain of approximately 3%. Compared with Ti-6Al-4V ELI, the studied alloy has quite a high low-cycle fatigue strength because of the effective suppression of microplastic deformation by the reversible martensitic transformation. Due to the low critical stress required to induce the martensitic transformation, it has low fatigue endurance comparable to that of Ti-6Al-4V ELI. Cold rolling produces a beta+alpha'' two-phase microstructure that is characterized by regions of nano-size beta grains interspersed with coarse grains containing alpha'' martensite plates. Cold rolling increases fatigue endurance by approximately 50% while decreasing the Young's modulus to 49GPa along the rolling direction but increasing it to 68GPa along the transverse direction. Due to the effective suppression of the brittle isothermal omega phase, balanced properties of high strength, low Young's modulus and good ductility can be achieved through ageing treatment at intermediate temperature.
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Abstract
The basic characteristics of TiNi-based and Ni-free Ti-based shape memory alloys are reviewed. They include the crystal structures of the parent and martensite phases in both the alloys, the recoverable strain associated with the martensitic transformation, the transformation temperatures, the temperature and orientation dependence of deformation behavior, etc. The sputter-deposited Ti-Ni thin films are also reviewed briefly because of their possibility of expanding into micromechanical system applications as the most powerful microactuator.
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Hao YL, Li SJ, Sun SY, Zheng CY, Yang R. Elastic deformation behaviour of Ti-24Nb-4Zr-7.9Sn for biomedical applications. Acta Biomater 2007; 3:277-86. [PMID: 17234466 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2006.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2006] [Revised: 11/02/2006] [Accepted: 11/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, the elastic deformation behaviour of a recently developed beta-type titanium alloy Ti-24Nb-4Zr-7.9Sn (wt.%) that consists of non-toxic elements and is intended for biomedical applications is described. Tensile tests show that this alloy in the as hot-rolled state exhibits peculiar non-linear elastic behaviour with maximum recoverable strain up to 3.3% and incipient Young's modulus of 42GPa. Solution treatment at high temperature has trivial effect on super-elasticity but decreases strength and slightly increases the incipient Young's modulus. Ageing treatment in the (alpha+beta) two-phase field increases both strength and Young's modulus and results in a combination of high strength and relatively low elastic modulus. In spite of the formation of the alpha phase, short time ageing has no effect on super-elasticity, whereas the non-linear elastic behaviour transforms gradually to normal linear elasticity with the increase of ageing time. We suggest sluggish, partially reversible processes of stress-induced phase transformation and/or incipient kink bands as the origin of the above peculiar elastic behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y L Hao
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China.
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Abstract
Metallic materials are widely used in medicine not only for orthopedic implants but also for cardiovascular devices and other purposes. New alloys for biomedical use are developed all over the world continuously to decrease corrosion, toxicity and fracture during implantation and increase interfacial and dynamical tissue compatibility. Most of efforts are made to develop titanium alloys, especially in β-type alloys whose Young’s modulus is as low as cortical bone. Nickel-free alloy is also necessary to prevent nickel allergy: nickel-free austenitic stainless steels and shape memory alloys are developed. To increase iocompatibility, the controls of surface morphology and surface treatment or modification are necessary.
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Saito T, Furuta T, Hwang JH, Kuramoto S, Nishino K, Suzuki N, Chen R, Yamada A, Ito K, Seno Y, Nonaka T, Ikehata H, Nagasako N, Iwamoto C, Ikuhara Y, Sakuma T. Multifunctional Alloys Obtained via a Dislocation-Free Plastic Deformation Mechanism. Science 2003; 300:464-7. [PMID: 12702870 DOI: 10.1126/science.1081957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
We describe a group of alloys that exhibit "super" properties, such as ultralow elastic modulus, ultrahigh strength, super elasticity, and super plasticity, at room temperature and that show Elinvar and Invar behavior. These "super" properties are attributable to a dislocation-free plastic deformation mechanism. In cold-worked alloys, this mechanism forms elastic strain fields of hierarchical structure that range in size from the nanometer scale to several tens of micrometers. The resultant elastic strain energy leads to a number of enhanced material properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Saito
- Toyota Central Research and Development Laboratories, Incorporated, Nagakute Aichi, 480-1192 Japan.
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Abstract
The present work is a study of a series of Ti-7.5Mo-xFe alloys, with the focus on the effect of iron addition on the structure and mechanical properties of the alloys. Experimental results indicate that alpha" phase-dominated binary Ti-7.5Mo alloy exhibited a fine, acicular martensitic structure. When 1 wt% or more iron was added, the entire alloy became equi-axed beta phase structure with a grain size decreasing with increasing iron content. A thermal omega phase was formed in the alloys containing iron of roughly between 0.5 and 3 wt%. The largest quantity of omega phase and highest microhardness were found in Ti-7.5Mo-1Fe alloy. The binary Ti 7.5Mo alloy had a lower microhardness, bending strength and modulus than all iron-containing alloys. The largest bending strength was found in Ti-7.5Mo-2Fe alloy. The present alloys with iron contents of about 2-5 wt% seem to have a great potential for use as an implant material.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
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Duerig T, Albrecht J, Richter D, Fischer P. Formation and reversion of stress induced martensite in Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/0001-6160(82)90137-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Krishnan RV, Brown LC. Pseudoelasticity and the strain-memory effect in an Ag-45 at. pct Cd alloy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1973. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02648694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Eisenwasser JD, Brown LC. Pseudoelasticity and the strain-memory effect in Cu-Zn-Sn alloys. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1972. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02643018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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