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Nenseth HZ, Sahu A, Saatcioglu F, Osguthorpe S. A Nutraceutical Formula Is Effective in Raising the Circulating Vitamin and Mineral Levels in Healthy Subjects: A Randomized Trial. Front Nutr 2021; 8:703394. [PMID: 34540877 PMCID: PMC8440802 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.703394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Low levels of nutrient intake are common in industrialized countries. This has negative implications on health and is associated with chronic diseases. Supplementation of vitamins, minerals, and key nutrients to optimal levels may, therefore, be beneficial for individual health and for the health economy. Although the use of supplements has become very common, due to a lack of monitoring, there is very limited data on the efficacy of supplementation with different formulas. In this study, we present the results of a randomized controlled study on the efficacy of a novel formulated nutraceutical, N247, in 250 healthy volunteers aged 26-75 years and a placebo control group (n = 35). The broad-spectrum formulation of N247 includes essential vitamins, minerals, and trace elements that are adequately balanced in regard to synergies and related metabolic functions. Moreover, tolerance, safety, and nutrient availability is an important aspect of daily, long-term use of N247. After 3 months of regular N247 use, levels of vitamins and minerals in serum were significantly increased in the N247 group compared with the control group and a placebo group, with excellent compliance rates. Coupled with additional natural ingredients that aim to increase the potency of the nutrients, N247 may represent a novel and beneficial supplement for individuals with nutritional deficiencies. Clinical Trial Registration:https://clinicaltrials.gov/, identifier: NCT04054505.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aparna Sahu
- Turiyan Psyneuronics Pvt. Ltd, Bangalore, India
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Omojokun OS, Oboh G, Ademiluyi AO, Oladele JO, Boligon AA. Impact of drying processes on Bryophyllum pinnatum phenolic constituents and its anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activities in human erythrocytes. J Food Biochem 2020; 45:e13298. [PMID: 32515507 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The effect of drying on the phytoconstituents, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory properties of Bryophyllum pinnatum leaves was investigated. The phenolic constituents were characterized using HPLC-DAD. The aqueous extraction was done and various assays (Inhibition of membrane stabilization, albumin Denaturation and heat-induced hemolysis, malondialdehyde (MDA), and reduced glutathione (GSH) contents, as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity), were carried out on human erythrocytes. The fresh portion (89.12 µg/ml) exhibited the highest potential to inhibit heat-induced hemolysis compared to the standard drug-Diclofenac (91.51 µg/ml). Freeze-dried sample showed the highest inhibitory potential on albumin denaturation ([Freeze-dried-330.72 µg/ml], [Diclofenac-318.63 µg/ml]) and membrane destabilization ([Freeze-dried-331.93 µg/ml], [Diclofenac-289.57 µg/ml]) when compared with Diclofenac. Similarly, the freeze-dried sample showed the highest GSH and SOD level and lowest MDA level when human erythrocytes challenged with tertiary butyl hydroperoxide (tBHP) were treated with the extract. This study confirms the retention of a considerable quantity of bioactive constituents of plants when freeze-dried. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The ideal method of drying Bryophyllum pinnatum and possible anti-inflammatory potential was investigated. This work may apply to the development of anti-inflammatory agents from a natural source with little or no side effect in managing inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olasunkanmi S Omojokun
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Physical & Chemical Sciences, Elizade University, Ilara-Mokin, Nigeria.,Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Ganiyu Oboh
- Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Adedayo O Ademiluyi
- Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Josephine O Oladele
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Physical & Chemical Sciences, Elizade University, Ilara-Mokin, Nigeria
| | - Aline A Boligon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
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Abdel-Ghaf O, Mahmoud ST, Said AA, Sanad FAAY. Ameliorative Effect of Rutin Against Isoniazid-induced Alterations in Certain Hematological and Biochemical Parameters of Albino Rats. INT J PHARMACOL 2017. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2018.39.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Rutin as a Mediator of Lipid Metabolism and Cellular Signaling Pathways Interactions in Fibroblasts Altered by UVA and UVB Radiation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:4721352. [PMID: 28168010 PMCID: PMC5266866 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4721352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background. Rutin is a natural nutraceutical that is a promising compound for the prevention of UV-induced metabolic changes in skin cells. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of rutin on redox and endocannabinoid systems, as well as proinflammatory and proapoptotic processes, in UV-irradiated fibroblasts. Methods. Fibroblasts exposed to UVA and UVB radiation were treated with rutin. The activities and levels of oxidants/antioxidants and endocannabinoid system components, as well as lipid, DNA, and protein oxidation products, and the proinflammatory and pro/antiapoptotic proteins expression were measured. Results. Rutin reduced UV-induced proinflammatory response and ROS generation and enhanced the activity/levels of antioxidants (SOD, GSH-Px, vitamin E, GSH, and Trx). Rutin also normalized UV-induced Nrf2 expression. Its biological activity prevented changes in the levels of the lipid mediators: MDA, 4-HNE, and endocannabinoids, as well as the endocannabinoid receptors CB1/2, VR1, and GPR55 expression. Furthermore, rutin prevented the protein modifications (tyrosine derivatives formation in particular) and decreased the levels of the proapoptotic markers—caspase-3 and cytochrome c. Conclusion. Rutin prevents UV-induced inflammation and redox imbalance at protein and transcriptional level which favors lipid, protein, and DNA protection. In consequence rutin regulates endocannabinoid system and apoptotic balance.
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Chen G, Mo L, Lin F, Zhang X, Liu J, Wang H, Yang C. Development, validation and application of an HPLC method for reduced vitamin C qualification in HBOCs solution. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 44:456-61. [DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2015.1115412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Harisa GI, Abo-Salem OM, El-sayed ESM, Shazly G. Effects of nutritional and excessive levels of selenium on red blood cells of rats fed a high cholesterol diet. Biol Trace Elem Res 2013; 152:41-9. [PMID: 23292318 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-012-9588-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effects of selenium (Se) on the properties of erythrocytes and atherogenic index in the presence and absence of high cholesterol diet (HCD). The effect of selected two different doses (1 μg and 50 μg Se/kg/body weight) on HCD-induced oxidative stress was investigated. The hemolysis of the erythrocytes of the HCD rats as well as by high levels of selenium or their combination was markedly increased. Likewise, atherogenic index and plasma glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity were significantly increased in the same groups of rats compared to control ones. In contrast, paraoxonase activity, glutathione levels and protein thiol levels, catalase, GPx, and superoxide dismutase activities were significantly decreased in rats that received the HCD, high selenium dose, or their combination. Malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl levels in the plasma and red blood cells were significantly increased by HCD and high selenium dose administration. Co-administration of selenium at low dose with or without an HCD restored all of the investigated parameters to near-normal values. The results of this study suggest that excess selenium administration with HCD worsens the atherogenic index and enhances formation of oxidized red blood cells. At dosage levels in the nutritional range such as 1 μg Se/kg body weight, selenium ameliorates the atherogenic index and preserves the antioxidant capacity of the erythrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamaleldin I Harisa
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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Arruda MM, Mecabo G, Rodrigues CA, Matsuda SS, Rabelo IB, Figueiredo MS. Antioxidant vitamins C and E supplementation increases markers of haemolysis in sickle cell anaemia patients: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Br J Haematol 2012; 160:688-700. [PMID: 23278176 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.12185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Erythrocytes from sickle cell anaemia (SCA) patients continuously produce larger amounts of pro-oxidants than normal cells. Oxidative stress seems to primarily affect the membrane and results in haemolysis. The use of antioxidants in vitro reduces the generation of pro-oxidants. To evaluate the impact of vitamins C (VitC) and E (VitE) supplementation in SCA patients, patients over 18 years were randomly assigned to receive VitC 1400 mg + VitE 800 mg per day or placebo orally for 180 d. Eighty-three patients were enrolled (44 vitamins, 39 placebo), median age 27 (18-68) years, 64% female. There were no significant differences between the two groups regarding clinical complications or baseline laboratorial tests. Sixty percent of the patients were VitC deficient, 70% were VitE deficient. Supplementation significantly increased serum VitC and E. However, no significant changes in haemoglobin levels were observed, and, unexpectedly, there was a significant increase in haemolytic markers with vitamin supplementation. In conclusion, VitC + VitE supplementation did not improve anaemia and, surprisingly, increased markers of haemolysis in patients with SCA and S-β(0) -thalassaemia. The exact mechanisms to explain this findings and their clinical significance remain to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha M Arruda
- Hematology and Blood Transfusion Department, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
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Erythrocyte-mediated delivery of pravastatin: In Vitro study of effect of hypotonic lysis on biochemical parameters and loading efficiency. Arch Pharm Res 2012; 35:1431-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-012-0813-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Revised: 03/10/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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9
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Harisa GI, Alanazi FK, El-Bassat RA, Malik A, Abdallah GM. Protective effect of pravastatin against mercury induced vascular cells damage: erythrocytes as surrogate markers. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2012; 34:428-435. [PMID: 22771764 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2012.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Revised: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In the present study we investigated the protective effect of pravastatin (PRV) against mercury-induced cellular damage. Human erythrocytes were incubated with PRV, HgCl(2) and HgCl(2) pretreated with PRV. Our results revealed that incubation of erythrocytes with HgCl(2) induces a significant increase the ratios of superoxide dismutase/glutathione peroxidase (SOD/GPx), superoxide dismutase/catalase (SOD/CAT), oxidized/reduced glutathione (GSSG/GSH), malondialdehyde(MDA) and protein carbonyl(PCO) by 60%, 50%, 333%, 400% and 208% respectively. Whereas, prior incubation of erythrocytes with PRV maintains these parameters at values similar to control cells. Furthermore, the level of nitrite in erythrocytes decreases significantly on treatment with HgCl(2), whereas it remains similar to the control when pretreated with PRV. Also, there was an increase in erythrocytes hemolysis when treated with HgCl(2), whereas it remained the like to the control when pretreated with PRV. In conclusion, PRV pretreatment maintained the erythrocytes oxidant/antioxidant balance and nitrite level during mercury exposure. Consequently, PRV pretreatment is worthy of further investigation in the reduction of the cardiovascular risk of mercury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamaleldin I Harisa
- Kayyali Chair for Pharmaceutical Industry, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Fars K Alanazi
- Kayyali Chair for Pharmaceutical Industry, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Randa A El-Bassat
- Biology Department, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Malik
- Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gamil M Abdallah
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
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Pan L, Wang X, Yang S, Wu X, Lee I, Zhang X, Rupp RA, Xu J. Ultraviolet irradiation-dependent fluorescence enhancement of hemoglobin catalyzed by reactive oxygen species. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44142. [PMID: 22952902 PMCID: PMC3431334 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) light has a potent effect on biological organisms. Hemoglobin, an oxygen-transport protein, plays an irreplaceable role in sustaining life of all vertebrates. In this study we scrutinize the effects of ultraviolet irradiation (UVI) as well as visible irradiation on the fluorescence characteristics of bovine hemoglobin (BHb) in vitro. Data show that UVI results in fluorescence enhancement of BHb in a dose-dependant manner. Furthermore, UVI-induced fluorescence enhancement is significantly increased when BHb is pretreated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a type of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Meanwhile, The water-soluble antioxidant vitamin C suppresses this UVI-induced fluorescence enhancement. In contrast, green light irradiation does not lead to fluorescence enhancement of BHb no matter whether H2O2 is acting on the BHb solution or not. Taken together, these results indicate that catalysis of ROS and UVI-dependent irradiation play two key roles in the process of UVI-induced fluorescence enhancement of BHb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leiting Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, TEDA Applied Physics School and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- * E-mail: (LP); (JX)
| | - Xiaoxu Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, TEDA Applied Physics School and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuying Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, TEDA Applied Physics School and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xian Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, TEDA Applied Physics School and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Imshik Lee
- The Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, TEDA Applied Physics School and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinzheng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, TEDA Applied Physics School and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Romano A. Rupp
- The Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, TEDA Applied Physics School and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Faculty of Physics, Vienna University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jingjun Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, TEDA Applied Physics School and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- * E-mail: (LP); (JX)
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Roy A, Sil PC. Tertiary butyl hydroperoxide induced oxidative damage in mice erythrocytes: Protection by taurine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 19:137-48. [PMID: 22626456 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2012.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to investigate the protective role of taurine, against t-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) induced oxidative stress in murine erythrocytes. Erythrocytes were treated either with TBHP alone or with taurine, followed by TBHP exposure. TBHP-induced oxidative stress increased methemoglobin formation, lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation in erythrocytes. The same exposure, however, depleted cellular GSH content and altered the activities of the antioxidant enzymes as well as of methemoglobin reductase; reduced activities of Ca(+) and Na(+)/K(+) ATPase and intracellular ATP levels. Taurine transport inhibitor, β-alanine, treated erythrocytes showed increased phosphatidylserine externalization and ROS formation on TBHP exposure and taurine could not revert the effect. TBHP exposure increased intracellular calcium and upregulated the level of calpain. Administration of taurine could, however, prevent the TBHP induced oxidative imbalance. Electron micrographs of erythrocytes showed changed morphology with an increase in the number of echinocytes. Taurine treatment could restore the normal levels of the antioxidant enzymes and metabolites of the erythrocytes. Results suggest that the oxidative insult introduced in erythrocytes by TBHP administration is prevented by taurine mainly via membrane stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anandita Roy
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VIIM, Calcutta 700054, West Bengal, India
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12
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Kim HJ, Lee EK, Park MH, Ha YM, Jung KJ, Kim MS, Kim MK, Yu BP, Chung HY. Ferulate Protects the Epithelial Barrier by Maintaining Tight Junction Protein Expression and Preventing Apoptosis in Tert
-Butyl Hydroperoxide-Induced Caco-2 Cells. Phytother Res 2012; 27:362-7. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2011] [Revised: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jung Kim
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA); Pusan National University; Busan Korea
- College of Pharmacy; Pusan National University; Busan 609-735 Korea
| | - Eun Kyeong Lee
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA); Pusan National University; Busan Korea
- College of Pharmacy; Pusan National University; Busan 609-735 Korea
- Research Center; Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences; Busan 619-953 Korea
| | - Min Hi Park
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA); Pusan National University; Busan Korea
- College of Pharmacy; Pusan National University; Busan 609-735 Korea
| | - Young Mi Ha
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA); Pusan National University; Busan Korea
- College of Pharmacy; Pusan National University; Busan 609-735 Korea
| | - Kyung Jin Jung
- Biologics Center; Korea Institute of Toxicology; Daejeon 305-343 Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Sun Kim
- Department of Pharmacy; College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University; Sunchon 540-742 Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Kyung Kim
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA); Pusan National University; Busan Korea
- College of Pharmacy; Pusan National University; Busan 609-735 Korea
| | - Byung Pal Yu
- Department of Physiology; The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; San Antonio TX 78229-3900 USA
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA); Pusan National University; Busan Korea
- College of Pharmacy; Pusan National University; Busan 609-735 Korea
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Wu SH, Lee KW, Chen CH, Lin CC, Tseng YM, Ma H, Tsai SM, Tsai LY. Epistasis of oxidative stress-related enzyme genes on modulating the risks in oral cavity cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2010; 411:1705-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2010.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2010] [Revised: 06/24/2010] [Accepted: 07/09/2010] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Kell DB. Towards a unifying, systems biology understanding of large-scale cellular death and destruction caused by poorly liganded iron: Parkinson's, Huntington's, Alzheimer's, prions, bactericides, chemical toxicology and others as examples. Arch Toxicol 2010; 84:825-89. [PMID: 20967426 PMCID: PMC2988997 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-010-0577-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2010] [Accepted: 07/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to a variety of toxins and/or infectious agents leads to disease, degeneration and death, often characterised by circumstances in which cells or tissues do not merely die and cease to function but may be more or less entirely obliterated. It is then legitimate to ask the question as to whether, despite the many kinds of agent involved, there may be at least some unifying mechanisms of such cell death and destruction. I summarise the evidence that in a great many cases, one underlying mechanism, providing major stresses of this type, entails continuing and autocatalytic production (based on positive feedback mechanisms) of hydroxyl radicals via Fenton chemistry involving poorly liganded iron, leading to cell death via apoptosis (probably including via pathways induced by changes in the NF-κB system). While every pathway is in some sense connected to every other one, I highlight the literature evidence suggesting that the degenerative effects of many diseases and toxicological insults converge on iron dysregulation. This highlights specifically the role of iron metabolism, and the detailed speciation of iron, in chemical and other toxicology, and has significant implications for the use of iron chelating substances (probably in partnership with appropriate anti-oxidants) as nutritional or therapeutic agents in inhibiting both the progression of these mainly degenerative diseases and the sequelae of both chronic and acute toxin exposure. The complexity of biochemical networks, especially those involving autocatalytic behaviour and positive feedbacks, means that multiple interventions (e.g. of iron chelators plus antioxidants) are likely to prove most effective. A variety of systems biology approaches, that I summarise, can predict both the mechanisms involved in these cell death pathways and the optimal sites of action for nutritional or pharmacological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas B Kell
- School of Chemistry and the Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK.
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Alanazi F. Pravastatin provides antioxidant activity and protection of erythrocytes loaded Primaquine. Int J Med Sci 2010; 7:358-65. [PMID: 21060723 PMCID: PMC2974164 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.7.358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2010] [Accepted: 10/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Loading erythrocytes with Primaquine (PQ) is advantageous. However, PQ produces damage to erythrocytes through free radicals production. Statins have antioxidant action and are involved in protective effect against situation of oxidative stress. Thus the protective effect of pravastatin (PS) against PQ induced oxidative damage to human erythrocytes was investigated in the current studies upon loading to erythrocytes.The erythrocytes were classified into; control erythrocytes, erythrocytes incubated with either 2 mM of PS or 2 mM of PQ, and erythrocytes incubated with combination of PS plus PQ. After incubation for 30 min, the effect of the drugs on erythrocytes hemolysis as well as some biomarkers of oxidative stress (none protein thiols, protein carbonyl, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance) were investigated.Our results revealed that PS maintains these biomarkers at values similar to that of control ones. On the other hand, PQ cause significant increases of protein carbonyl by 115% and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance by 225% while non-protein thiols were significantly decreased by 112 % compared with control erythrocytes. PS pre-incubation before PQ exerts marked reduction of these markers in comparison with PQ alone. Moreover, at NaCl concentrations between 0.4% and 0.8%, PQ causes significant increase of Red Blood Cells (RBCs) hemolysis in comparison with the other groups (P<0. 001). Scanning electron micrograph indicates spherocytes formation by PQ incubation, but in the other groups the discocyte shape of erythrocytes was preserved.The reduction of protein oxidation and lipids peroxidation by PS is related to antioxidants effect of this statin. Preservation of erythrocytes fragility and morphology by PS are related to its free radicals scavenging effect. It is concluded that pravastatin has protective effect against erythrocytes dysfunction related any situations associated with increased oxidative stress, especially when loaded with PQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fars Alanazi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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16
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Inhibition of suicidal erythrocyte death by vitamin C. Nutrition 2010; 26:671-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2009.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2008] [Revised: 10/29/2009] [Accepted: 11/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Jaremko KM, Chen-Roetling J, Chen L, Regan RF. Accelerated hemolysis and neurotoxicity in neuron-glia-blood clot co-cultures. J Neurochem 2010; 114:1063-73. [PMID: 20497302 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.06826.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of experimental evidence suggests that an intracerebral hematoma is toxic to neighboring cells. However, injury mechanisms remain largely undefined, due in part to conflicting results from in vivo studies. In order to investigate blood toxicity in a more controlled environment, murine clots were co-cultured on porous membrane inserts with primary neurons and glia. Erythrocyte lysis was apparent within 48 h, but was reduced by almost 80% in cultures lacking neurons, and by over 90% in the absence of both neurons and glial cells. By 72 h, most released hemoglobin had oxidized to methemoglobin or its hemichrome degradation products. At this time point, approximately 50% of neurons were non-viable, as detected by propidium iodide staining; glia were not injured. Deferoxamine, Trolox and the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 prevented most neuronal death, but had no effect on hemolysis at neuroprotective concentrations. The 27-fold increase in culture malondialdehyde and 5.8-fold increase in heme oxygenase-1 expression were also attenuated by deferoxamine and Trolox, but not by MK-801. These results suggest that hemoglobin release from clotted blood is accelerated by adjacent neurons and glia. Subsequent neurotoxicity is mediated by both iron-dependent and excitotoxic injury pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellie M Jaremko
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA
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