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Adhikary P, Keen S, van Teijlingen E. Workplace Accidents Among Nepali Male Workers in the Middle East and Malaysia: A Qualitative Study. J Immigr Minor Health 2019; 21:1115-1122. [PMID: 30073437 PMCID: PMC6726709 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-018-0801-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
There are many Nepali men working in the Middle East and Malaysia and media reports and anecdotal evidence suggest a high risk of workplace-related accidents and injuries for male Nepali workers. Therefore, this study aims to explore the personal experiences of male Nepali migrants of unintentional injuries at their place of work. In-depth, face-to-face interviews (n = 20) were conducted with male Nepali migrant workers. Study participants were approached at Kathmandu International Airport, hotels and lodges around the airport. Interviews were transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis. Almost half of study participants experienced work-related accident abroad. The participants suggested that the reasons behind this are not only health and safety at work but also poor communication, taking risks by workers themselves, and perceived work pressure. Some participants experienced serious incidents causing life-long disability, extreme and harrowing accounts of injury but received no support from their employer or host countries. Nepali migrant workers would appear to be at a high risk of workplace unintentional injuries owing to a number of interrelated factors poor health and safety at work, pressure of work, risk taking practices, language barriers, and their general work environment. Both the Government of Nepal and host countries need to be better policing existing policies, introduce better legislation where necessary, ensure universal health (insurance) coverage for labour migrants, and improve preventive measures to minimize the number and severity of accidents and injuries among migrant workers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steve Keen
- International Care Network, Bournemouth, UK
| | - Edwin van Teijlingen
- Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, UK.
- Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal.
- Nobel College, Pokhara University, Kathmandu, Nepal.
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Mowafi H, Ngaruiya C, O'Reilly G, Kobusingye O, Kapil V, Rubiano AM, Ong M, Puyana JC, Rahman AKMF, Jooma R, Beecroft B, Razzak J. Emergency care surveillance and emergency care registries in low-income and middle-income countries: conceptual challenges and future directions for research. BMJ Glob Health 2019; 4:e001442. [PMID: 31406601 PMCID: PMC6666805 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the fact that the 15 leading causes of global deaths and disability-adjusted life years are from conditions amenable to emergency care, and that this burden is highest in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), there is a paucity of research on LMIC emergency care to guide policy making, resource allocation and service provision. A literature review of the 550 articles on LMIC emergency care published in the 10-year period from 2007 to 2016 yielded 106 articles for LMIC emergency care surveillance and registry research. Few articles were from established longitudinal surveillance or registries and primarily composed of short-term data collection. Using these articles, a working group was convened by the US National Institutes of Health Fogarty International Center to discuss challenges and potential solutions for established systems to better understand global emergency care in LMICs. The working group focused on potential uses for emergency care surveillance and registry data to improve the quality of services provided to patients. Challenges included a lack of dedicated resources for such research in LMIC settings as well as over-reliance on facility-based data collection without known correlation to the overall burden of emergency conditions in the broader community. The group outlined potential solutions including incorporating data from sources beyond traditional health records, use of standard clinical forms that embed data needed for research and policy making and structured population-based research to establish clear linkages between what is seen in emergency units and the wider community. The group then identified current gaps in LMIC emergency care surveillance and registry research to form a research agenda for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Mowafi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Christine Ngaruiya
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Gerard O'Reilly
- Department of Epidemiology & Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Olive Kobusingye
- Department of Disease Control & Environmental Health, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Vikas Kapil
- Center for Global Health Leadership, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Center for Global Health, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Andres M Rubiano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Universidad El Bosque, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Marcus Ong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Juan Carlos Puyana
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Rashid Jooma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Aga Khan University Medical College Pakistan, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Blythe Beecroft
- CGHS, John E Fogarty International Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Junaid Razzak
- Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Ravi S, Joseph B. Incidence of occupational injuries among adults residing in a selected rural area of India: A cross sectional study. Pak J Med Sci 2019; 35:737-742. [PMID: 31258586 PMCID: PMC6572944 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.35.3.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The objectives of this study were to assess the incidence and profile of occupational injuries among rural workers of rural India. Methods This study was conducted among all persons between the ages of 18 to 60 years and engaged in some occupation and residing in the villages under the three rural subcentres of Sarjapur Primary Health Centre during the time period of 2009-2012. The sample size was calculated to be 400 assuming a prevalence of 10% and absolute precision of 3% at 95% confidence limits and a systematic random sampling of the household was done to select the study population. Results The incidence of occupational injuries in the study period of 2009-2012 was 22%. Out of the total 91 injuries, the proportion of injuries, which were agriculture-related, was 62%. The most common cause of injury was due to contact with plant thorns. Above half (54%) involved the upper limbs, and (30%) involved the lower limbs. By using the injury severity scale, 88% were of minor degree. 67% required treatment and 32% of the injured persons took treatment in a private hospital. Those who sustained an injury, 9% required admission to a hospital. Three participants have sustained a permanent disability during this study. Conclusion The Incidence of occupational injuries was found to be 22% and agriculture showed to have the highest proportion of injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Ravi
- Dr. Shilpa Ravi, MD, DNB. Centre Physician In charge, Healthspring Family Health Experts, Mumbai, India
| | - Bobby Joseph
- Prof. Dr. Bobby Joseph, MD, DNB. Department of Community Health, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India
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Dia SA, Mohamed AS, Gaye FS, Ndoye EHO, Fall MCG, Soumah MN, Ndiaye M. [Characteristics of work-related injuries and the fate of the victims: about 133 cases reported to the Social Security Fund in Dakar, Senegal]. Pan Afr Med J 2018; 30:156. [PMID: 30455785 PMCID: PMC6235479 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2018.30.156.10517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Work-related injuries have an impact on social security system of the country, on the victims as well as on their relatives. The objective is the aim of our study was to describe the different characteristics of work-related injuries reported to the Social Security Fund (CSS) in Dakar as well as the socioprofessional course of the victims. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study over a period of 5 years, from 2002 to 2006. Data were collected from 133 cases out of 9 308 reported to the CSS. Various parameters were studied: the socioprofessional characteristics of victims and the lesional features of the injuries. The victims were interviewed to gather informations about their socioprofessional history and their professional situation. RESULTS The average age of patients was 37,55 years, with a male predominance (99,22 %). BPW (22.6%) and fishing (15%) sectors were most affected. Almost two thirds of injuries happened in the workplace (77.4%). These injuries resulted in fractures in 51.7% of cases and affected the hand in 30.1% of cases. Nearly two thirds of injured subjects (60.9%) had resumed their profession. Thirty one subjects were fired and 12 were redeployed. The average period of temporary total incapacity was 236.7 days. The median annual pension was 1 640 329 CFA Francs (2 504,31 Euros). CONCLUSION In Senegal, work-related injuries don't have specific characteristics, as described elsewhere. The low resources allocated to the victims and the lack of supporting social-policy measures explain the different types of suffering of the victims and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidy Akhmed Dia
- Service de Médecine Légale et de Travail, Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odontologie, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Dakar Fann, Sénégal
| | - Azhar Salim Mohamed
- Service de Médecine Légale et de Travail, Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odontologie, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Dakar Fann, Sénégal
| | | | - El Hadj Oumar Ndoye
- Service de Médecine Légale et de Travail, Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odontologie, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Dakar Fann, Sénégal
| | - Mame Coumba Gaye Fall
- Service de Médecine Légale et de Travail, Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odontologie, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Dakar Fann, Sénégal
| | - Mouhamed Nanibolio Soumah
- Service de Médecine Légale et de Travail, Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odontologie, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Dakar Fann, Sénégal
| | - Mor Ndiaye
- Service de Médecine Légale et de Travail, Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odontologie, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Dakar Fann, Sénégal
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Abbas M. Trend of Occupational Injuries/Diseases in Pakistan: Index Value Analysis of Injured Employed Persons from 2001-02 to 2012-13. Saf Health Work 2015; 6:218-26. [PMID: 26929831 PMCID: PMC4674496 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aimed to analyze the index value trends of injured employed persons (IEPs) covered in Pakistan Labour Force Surveys from 2001-02 to 2012-13. METHODS The index value method based on reference years and reference groups was used to analyze the IEP trends in terms of different criteria such as gender, area, employment status, industry types, occupational groups, types of injury, injured body parts, and treatment received. The Pearson correlation coefficient analysis was also performed to investigate the inter-relationship of different occupational variables. RESULTS The values of IEP increased at the end of the studied year in industry divisions such as agriculture, forestry, hunting, and fishing, followed by in manufacturing and construction industry divisions. People associated with major occupations (such as skilled agricultural and fishery workers) and elementary (unskilled) occupations were found to be at an increasing risk of occupational injuries/diseases with an increasing IEP trend. Types of occupational injuries such as sprain or strain, superficial injury, and dislocation increased during the studied years. Major injured parts of body such as upper limb and lower limb found with increasing trend. Types of treatment received, including hospitalization and no treatment, were found to decrease. Increased IEP can be justified due to inadequate health care facilities, especially in rural areas by increased IEP in terms of gender, areas, received treatment, occupational groups and employment status as results found after Pearson correlation coefficient analysis. CONCLUSION The increasing trend in the IEP% of the total employed persons due to agrarian activities shows that there is a need to improve health care setups in rural areas of Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsin Abbas
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Meteorology Environment Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Ali R, Shaharudin R, Omar A, Yusoff F. Workplace injuries and risk reduction practices in Malaysia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2013; 18:299-306. [PMID: 23433290 DOI: 10.1179/1077352512z.00000000035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study on workplace injuries and risk reduction practices was part of the Malaysia National Health Morbidity Survey III (NHMS III) conducted in 2006. METHODS This cross-sectional population-based survey was conducted to determine the incidence of workplaces injuries and assess the magnitude of some important risk reduction practices among workers. Data were gathered through face-to-face household interviews using a pre-coded questionnaire. RESULTS Of the 22 880 eligible respondents, 88·2% (20 180) responded. The incidence rate for injuries at the workplace was 4·9 per 100 (95% CI: 4·6-5·2). The overall proportion of workers who had received occupational safety and health (OSH) training before or within 1 month of starting work was 33·6%. Among respondents who perceived that personal protective equipment (PPE) was required at their workplace, only 38·9% (95% CI: 37·8-39·4) were provided with it by their employers. DISCUSSION Further studies are urgently needed to identify reasons for and management of the low uptake of risk reduction practices. This issue needs to be addressed to ensure the safety and health of our working population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roslinah Ali
- Institute for Health Management, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Berecki-Gisolf J, Tawatsupa B, McClure R, Seubsman SA, Sleigh A. Determinants of workplace injury among Thai Cohort Study participants. BMJ Open 2013; 3:bmjopen-2013-003079. [PMID: 23869104 PMCID: PMC3717462 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-003079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore individual determinants of workplace injury among Thai workers. DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis of a large national cohort. SETTING Thailand. PARTICIPANTS Thai Cohort Study participants who responded to the 2009 follow-up survey were included if they reported doing paid work or being self-employed (n=51 751). OUTCOME MEASURES Self-reported injury incidence over the past 12 months was calculated. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to test associations between individual determinants and self-reported workplace injury. RESULTS Workplace injuries were reported by 1317 study participants (2.5%); the incidence was 34 (95% CI 32 to 36)/1000 worker-years for men, and 18 (17-20) for women. Among men working ≥41 h and earning <10 000 Baht, the injury rate was four times higher compared with men working <11 h and earning ≥20 001 Baht; differences in injury rates were less pronounced in women. Multivariate modelling showed that working ≥49 h/week (23%) and working for ≤10 000 Bath/month (37%) were associated with workplace injury. The increase in injury risk with increased working hours did not exceed the risk expected from increased exposure. CONCLUSIONS Reductions in occupational injury rates could be achieved by limiting working hours to 48/week. Particularly for Thai low wage earners and those with longer workdays, there is a need for effective injury preventive programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjawan Tawatsupa
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Roderick McClure
- Monash Injury Research Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sam-ang Seubsman
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- School of Human Ecology, Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Adrian Sleigh
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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Abas ABL, Mohd Said DARB, Aziz Mohammed MAB, Sathiakumar N. Fatal occupational injuries among non-governmental employees in Malaysia. Am J Ind Med 2013; 56:65-76. [PMID: 22544443 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Malaysia, surveillance of fatal occupational injuries is fragmented. We therefore analyzed an alternative data source from Malaysia's Social Security organization, the Pertubuhan Keselamatan Sosial (PERKESO). METHODS We conducted a secondary data analysis of the PERKESO database comprised of 7 million employees from 2002 to 2006. RESULTS Overall, the average annual incidence was 9.2 fatal occupational injuries per 100,000 workers. During the 5-year period, there was a decrease in the absolute number of fatal injuries by 16% and the incidence by 34%. The transportation sector reported the highest incidence of fatal injuries (35.1/100,000), followed by agriculture (30.5/100,000) and construction (19.3/100,000) sectors. Persons of Indian ethnicity were more likely to sustain fatal injuries compared to other ethnic groups. CONCLUSIONS Government and industry should develop rigorous strategies to detect hazards in the workplace, especially in sectors that continuously record high injury rates. Targeted interventions emphasizing worker empowerment coupled with systematic monitoring and evaluation is critical to ensure success in prevention and control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adinegara Bin Lutfi Abas
- Department of Community Medicine, Melaka Manipal Medical College, Jalan Batu Hampar, Bukit Baru, Malaysia.
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