1
|
Yin K, Yang J, Wang F, Wang Z, Xiang P, Xie X, Sun J, He X, Zhang X. A preliminary study of the chemical composition and bioactivity of Bombax ceiba L. flower and its potential mechanism in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus using ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole-time-flight mass spectrometry and network pharmacology analysis. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1018733. [PMID: 36313078 PMCID: PMC9608341 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1018733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to preliminary investigate the phytochemistry, bioactivity, hypoglycemic potential, and mechanism of action of Bombax ceiba L. flower (BCF), a wild edible and food plant in China. By using methanol extraction and liquid-liquid extraction, the crude extract (CE) of BCF and its petroleum ether (PE), dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), n-butanol (n-BuOH), and aqueous (AQ) fractions were obtained, and their chemical components and biological activities were evaluated. Further high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was carried out to identify and quantify the active constituents of BFC and its five fractions, and the phytochemical composition of the best-performing fraction was then analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole-time-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS). Finally, a network pharmacology strategy based on the chemical profile of this fraction was applied to speculate its main hypoglycemic mechanism. Results revealed the excellent biological activities of BCF, especially the EtOAc fraction. In addition to the highest total flavonoid content (TFC) (367.72 μg RE/mg E) and total phenolics content (TPC) (47.97 μg GAE/mg E), EtOAc showed the strongest DPPH⋅ scavenging ability (IC50 value = 29.56 μg/mL), ABTS⋅+ scavenging ability (IC50 value = 84.60 μg/mL), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) (889.62 μg FeSO4/mg E), which were stronger than the positive control BHT. EtOAc also exhibited the second-best α-glucosidase inhibitory capacity and second-best acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory capacity with the IC50 values of 2.85 and 3.27 mg/mL, respectively. Also, EtOAc inhibited HepG2, MCF-7, Raw264.7, and A549 cell with IC50 values of 1.08, 1.62, 0.77, and 0.87 mg/mL, which were the second or third strongest in all fractions. Additionally, HPLC analysis revealed significant differences in the compounds’ abundance between different fractions. Among them, EtOAc had the most detected compounds and the highest content. According to the results of UPLC/Q-TOF-MS, 38 compounds were identified in EtOAc, including 24 phenolic acids and 6 flavonoids. Network pharmacological analysis further confirmed 41 potential targets of EtOAc in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, and intracellular receptor signaling pathways, unsaturated fatty acid, and DNA transcription pathways were the most possible mechanisms. These findings suggested that BCF was worthwhile to be developed as an antioxidant and anti-diabetic food/drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kehong Yin
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Jinmei Yang
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhenxing Wang
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Ping Xiang
- Institute of Environmental Remediation and Human Health, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Xing Xie
- National R&D Center for Freshwater Fish Processing, College of Health, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Storage-Processing Technology, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Xuemei He
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Storage-Processing Technology, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China,*Correspondence: Xuemei He,
| | - Xuechun Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Storage-Processing Technology, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China,Xuechun Zhang,
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mohire PP, Chandam DR, Patravale AA, Choudhari P, Karande V, Ghosh JS, Deshmukh MB. An Expedient Four Component Synthesis of Substituted Pyrido-Pyrimidine Heterocycles in Glycerol:Proline Based Low Transition Temperature Mixture and Their Antioxidant Activity with Molecular Docking Studies. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2020.1720749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka P. Mohire
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Agrochemicals & Pest Management, Shivaji University, Kolhapur , Maharashtra, India
| | | | | | - Prafulla Choudhari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Pharmacy, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vishram Karande
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Agrochemicals & Pest Management, Shivaji University, Kolhapur , Maharashtra, India
| | - Jai. S. Ghosh
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Agrochemicals & Pest Management, Shivaji University, Kolhapur , Maharashtra, India
| | - Madhukar B. Deshmukh
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Agrochemicals & Pest Management, Shivaji University, Kolhapur , Maharashtra, India
- Heterocyclic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Panja SK, Patra S, Bag BG. Self-assembly of the monohydroxy triterpenoid lupeol yielding nano-fibers, sheets and gel: environmental and drug delivery applications. RSC Adv 2021; 11:33500-33510. [PMID: 35497535 PMCID: PMC9042272 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra06137b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lupeol is a medicinally important naturally abundant triterpenoid having a 6-6-6-6-5 fused pentacyclic backbone and one polar secondary "-OH" group at the C3 position of the "A" ring. It was extracted from the dried outer bark of Bombax ceiba and its self-assembly properties were investigated in different neat organic as well as aquous-organic binary liquid mixtures. The triterpenoid having only one polar "-OH" group and a rigid lipophilic backbone self-assembled in neat organic non-polar liquids like n-hexane, n-heptane, n-octane and polar liquids like DMSO, DMF, DMSO-H2O, DMF-H2O, and EtOH-H2O yielding supramolecular gels via formation of nano to micrometre long self-assembled fibrillar networks (SAFINs). Morphological investigation of the self-assemblies was carried out by field emission scanning electron microscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, optical microscopy, concentration dependent FTIR and wide angle X-ray diffraction studies. The mechanical properties of the gels were studied by concentration dependent rheological studies in different solvents. The gels were capable of removing toxic micro-pollutants like rhodamine-B and 5,6-carboxyfluorescein as well as the toxic heavy metal Cr(vi) from contaminated water. Moreover release of the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin from a drug loaded gel in PBS buffer at pH 7.2 has also been demonstrated by spectrophotometry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Kumar Panja
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Vidyasagar University Midnapore 721102 West Bengal India
| | - Soumen Patra
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Vidyasagar University Midnapore 721102 West Bengal India
| | - Braja Gopal Bag
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Vidyasagar University Midnapore 721102 West Bengal India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Das G, Shin HS, Ningthoujam SS, Talukdar AD, Upadhyaya H, Tundis R, Das SK, Patra JK. Systematics, Phytochemistry, Biological Activities and Health Promoting Effects of the Plants from the Subfamily Bombacoideae (Family Malvaceae). PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10040651. [PMID: 33805546 PMCID: PMC8067233 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Plants belonging to the subfamily Bombacoideae (family Malvaceae) consist of about 304 species, many of them having high economical and medicinal properties. In the past, this plant group was put under Bombacaceae; however, modern molecular and phytochemical findings supported the group as a subfamily of Malvaceae. A detailed search on the number of publications related to the Bombacoideae subfamily was carried out in databases like PubMed and Science Direct using various keywords. Most of the plants in the group are perennial tall trees usually with swollen tree trunks, brightly colored flowers, and large branches. Various plant parts ranging from leaves to seeds to stems of several species are also used as food and fibers in many countries. Members of Bombacoides are used as ornamentals and economic utilities, various plants are used in traditional medication systems for their anti-inflammatory, astringent, stimulant, antipyretic, microbial, analgesic, and diuretic effects. Several phytochemicals, both polar and non-polar compounds, have been detected in this plant group supporting evidence of their medicinal and nutritional uses. The present review provides comprehensive taxonomic, ethno-pharmacological, economic, food and phytochemical properties of the subfamily Bombacoideae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gitishree Das
- Research Institute of Biotechnology & Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyangsi 10326, Korea;
| | - Han-Seung Shin
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyangsi 10326, Korea;
| | - Sanjoy Singh Ningthoujam
- Department of Botany, Ghanapriya Women’s College, Dhanamanjuri University, Imphal 795001, India;
| | - Anupam Das Talukdar
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam 788011, India;
| | | | - Rosa Tundis
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Rende, Italy;
| | - Swagat Kumar Das
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering and Technology, Biju Patnaik University of Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751003, India;
| | - Jayanta Kumar Patra
- Research Institute of Biotechnology & Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyangsi 10326, Korea;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Potential Nutraceutical Properties of Leaves from Several Commonly Cultivated Plants. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10111556. [PMID: 33203123 PMCID: PMC7698063 DOI: 10.3390/biom10111556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic dietary ingestion of suitable phytochemicals may assist with limiting or negating neurodegenerative decline. Current therapeutics used to treat Alzheimer disease elicit broad adverse drug reactions, and alternative sources of cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) are required. Herein, we screened methanolic extracts from seven commonly cultivated plants for their nutraceutical potential; ability to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyryl-cholinesterase (BuChE), and provision of antioxidant activity through their 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) free radical scavenging capabilities. Potential neurotoxicity of plant extracts was examined via application to SHSY-5Y neuroblastoma cells and quantitation of cell viability. Methanolic extracts of Citrus limon (Lemon), Bombax ceiba (Red silk-cotton), Lawsonia inermis (Henna), Eucalyptus globulus (Eucalyptus), Ocimum basilicum (Basil), Citrus reticulata (Mandarin orange), and Mentha spicata (Spearmint) all displayed concentration-dependent inhibition of AChE and BuChE. The majority of extracts inhibited AChE and BuChE to near equipotency, with Henna and Eucalyptus extracts the two most potent ChEIs. All plant extracts were able to scavenge free radicals in a concentration-dependent manner, with Eucalyptus the most potent antioxidant. Toxicity of plant extracts to neuronal cells was concentration dependent, with Eucalyptus also the most toxic extract. Fractionation of plant extracts and analysis by mass spectrometry identified a number of plant polyphenols that might have contributed to the cholinesterase inhibition: 3-caffeoylquinic acid, methyl 4-caffeoylquinate, kaempferol-acetyl-glycoside, quercetin 3-rutinoside, quercetin-acetyl-glycoside, kaempferol 3-O-glucoside, and quercetin 3-O-glucoside. In silico molecular modeling of these polyphenols demonstrated their improved AChE and BuChE binding affinities compared to the current FDA-approved dual ChEI, galantamine. Collectively, all the plant extracts contained nutraceutical agents as antioxidants and ChEIs and, therefore, their chronic consumption may prove beneficial to combat the pathological deficits that accrue in Alzheimer disease.
Collapse
|
6
|
Bhargava S, Shah MB. Evaluation of efficacy of Bombax ceiba extract and its major constituent, mangiferin in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 18:311-318. [PMID: 32941163 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2020-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Based on the ethno-medicinal use of Bombax ceiba leaf, in the treatment of diabetes, the present study is aimed at evaluation of antidiabetic potential of leaf extract and its major constituent mangiferin. METHODS Efficacy of hydroalcoholic extract of Bombax ceiba leaf (BCL, 200 and 400 mg/kg body wt.) and mangiferin (MF, 20 mg/kg body wt) was studied in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats and associated complications visually, retinopathy, cardiopathy and nephropathy. After 20 days, serum glucose, lipid profiles, glycol-hemoglobin % (HbA1c%), liver enzymes activity and glycogen content, and histopathology of the pancreas were corroborated. The study was coxswained for development of validated RP-HPLC method for the estimation of MF in BCL. RESULTS The results demonstrated significant reductions in the levels of glucose (p<0.001), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c%, p<0.001), cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoproteins, and concurrent elevation of high density lipoproteins level in the groups administered BCL and MF relative to the controls. It significantly reversed most of the altered metabolic and oxidative stress parameters and histopathological changes. Mangiferin content in BCL was found to be 0.04%w/w. CONCLUSIONS The anti-diabetic effects of BCL may be attributed to its ability to enhance insulin release, antioxidant and hypolipidemic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sushil Bhargava
- Ananta Institute of Medical Science and Research Center, Nathdwara, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mamta B Shah
- L. M. College of Pharmacy, NavrangpuraAhmadabad, Gujarat, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Katisart T, Kriintong N. In vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of leaf and flower extracts from Bombax ceiba. Pharmacognosy Res 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/pr.pr_116_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
8
|
Pinakin DJ, Kumar V, Suri S, Sharma R, Kaushal M. Nutraceutical potential of tree flowers: A comprehensive review on biochemical profile, health benefits, and utilization. Food Res Int 2019; 127:108724. [PMID: 31882088 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A numerous types of tree flowers are present in nature and few of them such as Rhdodendron, Bauhinia, Mahua, Gulmohar, Palash, Sesbania, Woodfordia, Simbal, etc. are being utilized traditionally as food and medicine by the localities of India. These flowers are rich in phytochemical (flavonoids, anthocyanins, phenolic acids, carotenoids, tannins, saponins) and possessing numerous health benefits (antioxidant activity, anti-inflammation, anti-cancer activity, anti-diabetic activity, hepatoprotective activity). However, because of the low availability (i.e. short blooming period and at limited places) and poor post-harvest life, these flowers are commonly utilized by the local people as food and medicines during their respective flowering times only. A few attempts have been made toward the utilization of some tree flowers (Mahduca longifolia, Rhododendron arboretum), but others are still unexplored and need to be exploited to achieve food and nutritional security as well increase the opportunity of employment and improvement in the socio-economic status of the local tribes. Therefore, to achieve this, the present review was aimed to review and document the status of common edible tree flowers, their phytochemicals potential and, health benefits as well as their utilization as food and medicines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dave Jaydeep Pinakin
- Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India.
| | - Sheenam Suri
- Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Rakesh Sharma
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173230, India
| | - Manisha Kaushal
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173230, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Weerapreeyakul N, Junhom C, Barusrux S, Thitimetharoch T. Induction of apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells by extracts of Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr. and Diospyros castanea (Craib) Fletcher. Chin Med 2016; 11:19. [PMID: 27110278 PMCID: PMC4841969 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-016-0091-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Herbal plants are a preferred source of anticancer agents. This study aims to screen the anticancer activity of a crude extract of twigs of (a) Bombax anceps Pierre var. anceps (BA); (b) Catunaregam tomentosa (Blume ex DC.) Tirveng. (CT); (c) Erythrophleum succirubrum Gagnep. (ES); (d) Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr. (LC); and (e) leaves and (f) twigs of Diospyros castanea (Craib) Fletcher (DC). Methods The 50 % ethanol–water extracts were prepared from each plant sample. In vitro anticancer effects of six extracts on the human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2) in terms of cytotoxicity were investigated by neutral red assay, apoptosis induction by 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining, and DNA fragmentation by agarose gel electrophoresis. Normal Vero cells were tested for comparison and to determine cancer selectivity. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis was performed to identify the compounds in the extracts. Results The six crude extracts had different cytotoxicities and were classified into three groups based on their IC50 value and selectivity index (SI). DC (twig) crude extract had both a high cytotoxicity and SI toward HepG2 cells comparable to melphalan (P = 0.023). The crude extracts of DC (leaves), LC (twig), and BA (twig) had moderate cytotoxicity and a lower SI. Although all crude plant extracts induced apoptosis in more than 50 % of the DAPI-positive apoptotic HepG2 cells, only DC (twig) and LC (twig) showed laddering in the DNA fragmentation assay. 2-Palmitoylglycerol was the major compound common to both. Pyrogallol and lupeol were the major compounds in DC (twig) crude extract. Hexadecanoic acid and octadecenoic acid were the major compounds in LC (twig) crude extract, which had high toxicity but low selectivity. Conclusion Ethanolic extracts from DC and LC twigs induced apoptosis in the HepG2 cell line. Pyrogallol and lupeol in DC (twig) might be responsible for the cytotoxicity toward the HepG2 cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Cholpajsorn Junhom
- Graduate School, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand
| | - Sahapat Barusrux
- Faculty of Associate Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tirupathi RG, Suresh BK, Ujwal KJ, Sujana P, Raoa AV, Sreedhar AS. Anti-microbial principles of selected remedial plants from Southern India. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2015; 1:298-305. [PMID: 23569779 DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(11)60047-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Revised: 03/10/2011] [Accepted: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the anti-bacterial activity of leaf extracts of Morus alba L. (Moraceae) and Piper betel L. (Piperaceae), and seed extracts of Bombax ceiba L. (Borabacaceae). METHODS We have partially purified plant extracts by solvent extraction method, and evaluated the effect of individual fractions on bacterial growth using Escherichia coli (E. coli), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) bacterial strains. RESULTS Compared with Morus and Bombax fractions, Piper fractions showed significant growth inhibition on all the three types of bacteria studied. The EtOAc-hexane fractions of Piper leaves exhibited significant anti-bacterial activity with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 50 µg/mL culture against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The EtOAc-fractions I, II, and IV inhibited bacterial colony formation on soft agar in addition to growth inhibition. A combination treatment of piper fractions with ampicillin resulted in significant growth inhibition in E. coli and P. aeruginosa, and combination with anticancer drug geldanamycin (2µg/mL) showed selective growth inhibition against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. Three major compounds, i.e., eugenol, 3-hexene-ol and stigmasterol, were primarily identified from Piper betel leaf extractions. Among the individual compounds, eugenol treatment showed improved growth inhibition compared with stigmasterol and 3-hexene-ol. CONCLUSIONS We are reporting potential anti-bacterial compounds from Piper betel against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria either alone or in combination with drug treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rao G Tirupathi
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jalalpure SS, Gadge NB. Diuretic effects of young fruit extracts of bombax ceiba L. In rats. Indian J Pharm Sci 2012; 73:306-11. [PMID: 22457557 PMCID: PMC3309653 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.93525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2010] [Revised: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was aimed to investigate the diuretic effects of aqueous and crude ethanol extracts of Bombax ceiba L. fruits (family, Bombacaceae) using acute model in rats. A single individual dose of aqueous and ethanol extract of B. ceiba fruit (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg, p.o., each), frusemide and hydrochlorothiazide, (25 mg/kg, p.o., each) as reference diuretic drugs, were administered orally to dehydrated rats. Control group rats were fed with normal saline (25 ml/kg, p.o.). All rats were caged in metabolic cages in pairs and their urine output was monitored at 5 and 24 h intervals. Both extracts significantly increased the urine output in higher doses. Although, the onset of this diuretic action was gradual (within 5 h), it lasted throughout the studied period (up to 24 h). Further, the intensity of diuresis induced by aqueous extract (400 mg/kg) in 5 h was almost similar to that of frusemide and hydrochlothiazide. Aqueous extract of B. ceiba fruit also caused marked increase in urinary Na+ and K+ levels. However, the routine urinalysis showed non-significant alterations in pH and specific gravity by either dose of crude extracts of B. ceiba fruits. These effects demonstrate possible diuretic actions of B. ceiba fruit extracts and support its folklore use in various urinary ailments. Further studies need to be done to characterize the active phytoconstituents from fruits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S S Jalalpure
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, KLE University's College of Pharmacy, JNMC Campus, Nehru Nagar, Belgaum-590 010, Karnataka, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hamad I, Sokhna C, Raoult D, Bittar F. Molecular detection of eukaryotes in a single human stool sample from Senegal. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40888. [PMID: 22808282 PMCID: PMC3396631 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbial eukaryotes represent an important component of the human gut microbiome, with different beneficial or harmful roles; some species are commensal or mutualistic, whereas others are opportunistic or parasitic. The diversity of eukaryotes inhabiting humans remains relatively unexplored because of either the low abundance of these organisms in human gut or because they have received limited attention from a whole-community perspective. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDING In this study, a single fecal sample from a healthy African male was studied using both culture-dependent methods and extended molecular methods targeting the 18S rRNA and ITS sequences. Our results revealed that very few fungi, including Candida spp., Galactomyces spp., and Trichosporon asahii, could be isolated using culture-based methods. In contrast, a relatively a high number of eukaryotic species could be identified in this fecal sample when culture-independent methods based on various primer sets were used. A total of 27 species from one sample were found among the 977 analyzed clones. The clone libraries were dominated by fungi (716 clones/977, 73.3%), corresponding to 16 different species. In addition, 187 sequences out of 977 (19.2%) corresponded to 9 different species of plants; 59 sequences (6%) belonged to other micro-eukaryotes in the gut, including Entamoeba hartmanni and Blastocystis sp; and only 15 clones/977 (1.5%) were related to human 18S rRNA sequences. CONCLUSION Our results revealed a complex eukaryotic community in the volunteer's gut, with fungi being the most abundant species in the stool sample. Larger investigations are needed to assess the generality of these results and to understand their roles in human health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Hamad
- URMITE UMR-IRD 198, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | | | - Didier Raoult
- URMITE UMR-IRD 198, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Fadi Bittar
- URMITE UMR-IRD 198, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ngwuluka NC. Are Bombax buonopozense and Bombax malabaricum possible nutraceuticals for age management? Prev Med 2012; 54 Suppl:S64-70. [PMID: 22230475 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2011.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Revised: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Human longevity and healthy ageing though controversial require extended investigations. Some studies have shown that ageing can be managed by reducing the amounts of free radicals the cells are exposed to. Oxidative stress has been shown to be combated by antioxidants and plant sources are known to generate antioxidants that are efficacious and low in toxicity. This review aims to enlighten on antioxidants from Bombax buonopozense and Bombax malabaricum for prevention, reversal or delay of age-related diseases. Furthermore, it advocates for more studies to enable the shift from research to commercial applications of the antioxidants as nutraceuticals in age management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ndidi C Ngwuluka
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gadge NB, Jalalpure SS. Curative treatment with extracts of Bombax ceiba fruit reduces risk of calcium oxalate urolithiasis in rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2012; 50:310-317. [PMID: 22321032 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2011.604332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Drawbacks of presently available treatments for urolithiasis necessitate finding the treatment of hyperoxaluria specifically aimed at reduction in oxalate excretion. Interestingly, many Indian tribes use Bombax ceiba L. (Bombacaceae) fruits as a traditional medicine for the treatment of urinary stones. OBJECTIVE The present study investigated the efficacy of B. ceiba fruit extracts as curative agents in experimentally induced calcium oxalate urolithiatic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Calcium oxalate lithiasis was induced in rats by oral administration of 0.75% ethylene glycol for 14 consecutive days. Treatments with aqueous and ethanol extract of B. ceiba fruit (400 mg/kg body weight) was performed in the same manner for further 14 consecutive days. Cystone (750 mg/kg body weight) was used as reference antiurolithiatic drug. The urinary excretion and kidney deposition of offending salt components, and serum biochemical parameters were investigated. RESULTS Oral administration of ethylene glycol resulted in hyperoxaluria and increased renal excretion of calcium and phosphate. However, supplementation with aqueous and ethanol extracts of B. ceiba fruit significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the elevated urinary oxalate, showing a regulatory action on endogenous oxalate synthesis. The increased deposition of stone forming constituents in kidneys of calculogenic rats was also significantly lowered with curative treatment of aqueous and ethanol extract. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The results indicate that the fruit of B. ceiba is endowed with lithontriptic activity warranting further development for curative treatment of urolithiasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N B Gadge
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, KLE University's College of Pharmacy, JNMC Campus, Belgaum, Karnataka, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Jain V, Verma SK. Pharmacological Investigations and Toxicity Studies. SPRINGERBRIEFS IN PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-27904-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
16
|
Yu YG, He QT, Yuan K, Xiao XL, Li XF, Liu DM, Wu H. In vitro antioxidant activity of Bombax malabaricum flower extracts. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2011; 49:569-576. [PMID: 21385091 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2010.529614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Bombax malabaricum DC. (Bombacaceae) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine used for the treatment of inflammatory conditions, diarrhea, fever, chronic inflammation, catarrhal affection, and as a diuretic. However, little information is available about its antioxidative activity. OBJECTIVE Water, 50% ethanol, and 80% acetone extracts from flowers of B. malabaricum were investigated for their in vitro antioxidant activity in this article for the first time. Then the relationships between antioxidant activity measured by different methods and total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were established. MATERIALS AND METHODS The antioxidant activities of extracts from B. malabaricum flower were investigated including 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity, oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), reducing power, and inhibition on phosphatidylcholine liposome peroxidation. RESULTS Results showed that all the extracts possessed remarkable antioxidant capacity compared with ascorbic or gallic acids. Total antioxidant activities evaluated by ORAC assay of different extracts ranged from 700.03 to 1482.46 μmol Trolox equivalents/g. The highest TPC of 130.38 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g was observed in 80% acetone extract, whereas the lowest TPC of 57.09 mg GAE/g was obtained in the water extract. Furthermore, TFC exhibited significant (P < 0.05) positive correlations with DPPH radical-scavenging activity, ORAC, and reducing power. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that the flowers of B. malabaricum have excellent antioxidant activities and thus might be a potential source of natural antioxidants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Gang Yu
- Institution of Food Safety, College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|