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Ruklani S, Rubasinghe SCK, Jayasuriya G. A review of frameworks for using bryophytes as indicators of climate change with special emphasis on Sri Lankan bryoflora. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:60425-60437. [PMID: 34537948 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16588-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The tropical island of Sri Lanka, with a land area of 65,610 km2 and 1340 km of coastline, is highly vulnerable to impacts of climate change, with detrimental effects on agriculture, water resources, human health, coastal zones, infrastructure, industry, and biodiversity. A general increase in temperature and precipitation patterns, rising sea levels, and increase in weather-related natural disasters, such as floods and droughts, have been traced over the years. Bryophytes (liverworts, mosses, hornworts) occupy a pivotal position in the land plant evolution and form a unique part of the vegetation. Many taxa of bryophytes exhibit observable, distinct adaptations in response to changes in environmental conditions quickly. Bryophytes can be used to monitor climate change in two ways; (i) presence or absence in the ecosystem and (ii) changes in morphology and physiology that can be used for monitoring. Sri Lanka has a rich bryophyte flora consisting of 575 species of mosses, 338 species of liverworts, and 07 species of hornworts. It is estimated that 11% of mosses are endemic; there are no endemic thalloid liverworts or hornworts found in Sri Lanka, and the endemicity of leafy liverworts is yet to be investigated. The taxonomic status of endemic taxa and the biogeographic affinities of many taxa remain unexplored. Further, the potential use of bryophytes as indicators of climate change in Sri Lanka has not yet been investigated. This paper compiles the information on morphological and physiological responses of bryophytes to elevated temperature, increase in greenhouse gases, increased ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation, and fluctuations in humidity. In the light of this gathered global knowledge, possible species of bryophytes to be used in assessing and predicting climate change and developing a climate change model in Sri Lanka are proposed. Asian bryophytes, in general, have poorly been represented in climate change literature. We believe that this knowledge will form the foundation for future research focused on climate change mitigation in other tropical and Asian countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumudu Ruklani
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Kandy, 20400, Sri Lanka.
| | - Sumudu C K Rubasinghe
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Kandy, 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Gehan Jayasuriya
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Kandy, 20400, Sri Lanka
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Orekhova A, Barták M, Casanova-Katny A, Hájek J. Resistance of Antarctic moss Sanionia uncinata to photoinhibition: chlorophyll fluorescence analysis of samples from the western and eastern coasts of the Antarctic Peninsula. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2021; 23:653-663. [PMID: 33866664 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Interspecific differences in sensitivity of the Antarctic moss Sanionia uncinata from King George Island (KGI) and James Ross Island (JRI) to photoinhibitory treatment were studied in laboratory conditions using chlorophyll fluorescence techniques. Slow (Kautsky) and fast (OJIP) kinetics were used for the measurements. Samples were exposed to a short-term (60 min) photoinhibitory treatment (PIT, 2000 μmol·m-2 ·s-1 PAR). The photoinhibitory treatment (PIT) led to photoinhibition which was indicated by the decrease in FV /FM and ΦPSII in KGI but not in JRI samples. However, this decrease was small and full recovery was reached 90 min after PIT termination. Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) was activated during the PIT, and rapidly relaxed during recovery. Early stages of photoinhibition showed a drop in FV /FM and ΦPSII to minimum values within the first 10 s of the PIT, with their subsequent increase apparent within fast (0-5 min PIT) and slow (5-50 min PIT) phases of adjustment. The PIT caused a decrease in the performance index (Pi_Abs), photosynthetic electron transport per reaction centre (RC) (ET0 /RC). The PIT induced an increase in thermal dissipation per RC (DI0 /RC), effectivity of thermal dissipation (Phi_D0 ), absorption per RC (ABS/RC) and trapping rate per RC (TR0 /RC). In conclusion, PIT led to only slight photoinhibition followed by fast recovery in S. uncinata from KGI and JRI, since FV /FM and ΦPSII returned to pre-photoinhibitory conditions. Therefore, S. uncinata might be considered resistant to photoinhibition even in the wet state. The KGI samples showed higher resistance to photoinhibition than the JRI samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Orekhova
- Department of Experimental Biology, Division of Plant Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - M Barták
- Department of Experimental Biology, Division of Plant Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - A Casanova-Katny
- Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Natural Resources, Catholic University Temuco, Campus Luis Rivas del Canto, Temuco, Chile
| | - J Hájek
- Department of Experimental Biology, Division of Plant Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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da Silva Fernandes A, Brito LB, Oliveira GAR, Ferraz ERA, Evangelista H, Mazzei JL, Felzenszwalb I. Evaluation of the acute toxicity, phototoxicity and embryotoxicity of a residual aqueous fraction from extract of the Antarctic moss Sanionia uncinata. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2019; 20:77. [PMID: 31852531 PMCID: PMC6921389 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-019-0353-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is the main exogenous inductor of skin damage and so photoprotection is important to control skin disorders. The Antarctic moss Sanionia uncinata is an important source of antioxidants and the photoprotective activity of its organic extracts has been investigated. This study aimed to evaluate the potential photoprotection, cytotoxicity and embryotoxicity of residual aqueous fraction (AF) from the moss S. uncinata. Methods UV-visible spectrum and SPF (sun protection factor) were determined by spectrophotometry. Embryotoxicity potential was evaluated by Fish embryo-larval toxicity test using zebrafish (Danio rerio) as organism model. Cell death assays by water-soluble tetrazolium salt (WST-1) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were investigated using HaCaT keratinocyte cell line cultured in monolayers and three dimensions (3D). Phototoxicity and association with UV-filters were performed by 3T3 neutral red uptake test. Results The AF showed sharp absorption bands in the UV region and less pronounced in the visible region. The SPF was low (2.5 ± 0.3), but the SPF values of benzophenone-3 and octyl-methoxycinnamate increased ~ 3 and 4 times more, respectively, in association with AF. The AF did not induce significant lethal and sublethal effects on zebrafish early-life stages. In monolayers, the HaCaT cell viability, evaluated by WST-1, was above 70% by ≤0.4 mg AF/mL after 48 and 72-h exposure, whereas ≤1 mg AF/mL after 24-h exposure. The LDH assay showed that the cell viability was above 70% by ≤0.4 mg AF/mL even after 72-h exposure, but ≤1 mg/mL after 24 and 48-h exposure. In 3D cell culture, an increased cell resistance to toxicity was observed, because cell viability of HaCaT cell by WST-1 and LDH was above ~ 90% when using ≤1 and 4 mg AF/mL, respectively. The AF demonstrated values of photo irritation factor < 2 and of photo effect < 0.1, even though in association with UV-filters. Conclusions The residual AF absorbs UV-vis spectrum, increased SPF values of BP-3 and OMC and does not induce embryotoxicity to zebrafish early life-stage. The cell death assays allowed establishing non-toxic doses of AF and phototoxicity was not detected. AF of S. uncinata presents a good potential for skin photoprotection against UV-radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréia da Silva Fernandes
- Laboratory of Environmental Mutagenesis, Department of Biophysics and Biometry, University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Lara Barroso Brito
- Environmental Toxicology Research Laboratory (EnvTox), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | | | - Elisa Raquel Anastácio Ferraz
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Administration, Pharmacy College, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Heitor Evangelista
- Laboratory of Radioecology and Global Changes, Department of Biophysics and Biometry, University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - José Luiz Mazzei
- Department of Natural Products, Institute of Drug Technology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Israel Felzenszwalb
- Laboratory of Environmental Mutagenesis, Department of Biophysics and Biometry, University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Fernandes A, Mazzei J, Evangelista H, Marques M, Ferraz E, Felzenszwalb I. Protection against UV-induced oxidative stress and DNA damage by Amazon moss extracts. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2018; 183:331-341. [PMID: 29758545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Amazon mosses, such as Holomitriopsis laevifolia and Leucobryum sp. are naturally exposed to high levels of solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Theoretically, under environmental stress conditions these mosses have developed protective chemical and metabolic strategies against UV damage, by way of biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, such as flavonoids. The present paper aimed to evaluate the free-radical scavenging activity, and the photoprotective, mutagenic and photomutagenic potencies of the methanolic (ME), aqueous (AE), hydroalcoholic (HE), ethanolic (EE) extracts of H. laevifolia and Leucobryum sp. The phenolic contents were evaluated by spectrophotometry and by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The present findings showed that the AE and HE of H. laevifolia and the AE of Leucobryum sp. presented the highest phenolic contents. The HPLC analysis indicated the presence mainly of phenolic and cinnamic acids, flavonols, flavones and flavanones. The AE and EE of H. laevifolia and the AE and HE of Leucobryum sp. efficiently scavenged the 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical. All extracts showed significant values of in vitro Sun Protection Factor alone, and HE of Leucobryum sp. showed a synergistic effect in association with benzophenone-3. None of the extracts induced mutagenicity in the auxotrophic strains for histidine of Salmonella typhimurium, and photomutagenicity of the TA102 and TA104 strains was not detected after exposure to UV-A radiation. Besides, all extracts showed photoprotective activity against UV-A radiation for the TA104 strain, including synergistic protection in association with BP-3. Thus, the constituents in H. Laevifolia and Leucobryum sp. could be good candidates for cosmetic and dermatological applications, particularly in association with synthetic UV filters, since the concentration of the filters in the final product could be reduced.
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Protection against UV-induced toxicity and lack of mutagenicity of Antarctic Sanionia uncinata. Toxicology 2017; 376:126-136. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Fernandes ADS, Alencar AS, Evangelista H, Mazzei JL, Felzenszwalb I. Photoprotective and toxicological activities of extracts from the Antarctic moss Sanionia uncinata. Pharmacogn Mag 2015; 11:38-43. [PMID: 25709208 PMCID: PMC4329630 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.149701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 04/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The Antarctic moss Sanionia uncinata (Hedw.) Loeske has shown high ultraviolet (UV)-absorbers content after exposition to high levels of UV-B radiation and can be an important source of antioxidants. Objective: The aim was to investigate photoprotection and mutagenicity by the aqueous extract (AE) and hydroethanolic extract (HE) from the Antarctic moss S. uncinata. Materials and Methods: Photoprotective activities were determined through survival curves of Escherichia coli strains, after UV irradiation in an aqueous solution of thymine and in vitro sun protection factor (SPF). The Salmonella/microsome assays were applied to assess the mutagenicity. Results: Both extracts induced photoprotection against UV-C radiation. The AE showed a higher protection than the hydroethanolic one against UV-induced thymine dimerization. The SPFs were low in both extracts. In association to benzophenone-3 a significant increase in the SPF was detected for the AE, and a significant decrease was induced by the HE. No mutagenicity was found in the both extracts. Furthermore, it was observed absence of cytotoxicity. Conclusion: Water-extractable compounds seem to contribute on photoprotection of this Antarctic moss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréia da Silva Fernandes
- Department of Biophysics and Biometry, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Santos Alencar
- Department of Biophysics and Biometry, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Heitor Evangelista
- Department of Biophysics and Biometry, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José Luiz Mazzei
- Platform of Analytical Chemistry, Farmanguinhos, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Israel Felzenszwalb
- Department of Biophysics and Biometry, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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