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Alavi MS, Fanoudi S, Hosseini A, Jalili-Nik M, Bagheri A, Sadeghnia HR. Everolimus attenuates glutamate-induced PC12 cells death. Int J Neurosci 2023; 133:457-466. [PMID: 33998365 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2021.1929210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glutamate-induced neuronal cell death plays a key role in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Some recent studies reported the potential immunomodulatory and neuroprotective properties of inhibitors of serine-threonine kinase, mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin). However, no study was conducted about the neuroprotective potential of everolimus (EVR), a selective and potent mTOR inhibitor. Therefore, this study was planned to investigate whether EVR has protective effects against glutamate-induced toxicity in PC12 cells, which are used as model for neurons injury, and to elucidate the underlying mechanism. METHODS PC12 cells were concurrently treated with glutamate (8 mM) and EVR (0-40 nM) for 24 h. Then, the cells viability, apoptosis rate, and apoptosis-related proteins (caspase-3, bax and bcl-2) were measured using MTT, annexin V/PI and immunoblotting assays. RESULTS Analyzing the protective effect of different concentrations of EVR (0-40 nM) against glutamate-induced cytotoxicity revealed a significant increase in cell viability in co-treatment regimen (p < 0.01). Also, EVR (40 nM) significantly (p < 0.01) inhibited glutamate-induced apoptosis through depressing the elevation of bax/bcl-2 ratio and expression of cleaved caspase-3, concentration depend. CONCLUSION The results demonstrated, for the first time, that EVR could protect against glutamate-mediated PC12 cell death via inhibiting apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohaddeseh Sadat Alavi
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sahar Fanoudi
- Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Azar Hosseini
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Jalili-Nik
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirbehzad Bagheri
- Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid R Sadeghnia
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Shi M, Gu J, Wu H, Rauf A, Emran TB, Khan Z, Mitra S, Aljohani ASM, Alhumaydhi FA, Al-Awthan YS, Bahattab O, Thiruvengadam M, Suleria HAR. Phytochemicals, Nutrition, Metabolism, Bioavailability, and Health Benefits in Lettuce-A Comprehensive Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061158. [PMID: 35740055 PMCID: PMC9219965 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lettuce is one of the most famous leafy vegetables worldwide with lots of applications from food to other specific uses. There are different types in the lettuce group for consumers to choose from. Additionally, lettuce is an excellent source of bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, carotenoids, and chlorophyll with related health benefits. At the same time, nutrient composition and antioxidant compounds are different between lettuce varieties, especially for green and red lettuce types. The benefit of lettuce consumption depends on its composition, particularly antioxidants, which can function as nutrients. The health benefits rely on their biochemical effect when reaching the bloodstream. Some components can be released from the food matrix and altered in the digestive system. Indeed, the bioaccessibility of lettuce is measuring the quantity of these compounds released from the food matrix during digestion, which is important for health-promoting features. Extraction of bioactive compounds is one of the new trends observed in lettuce and is necessarily used for several application fields. Therefore, this review aims to demonstrate the nutritional value of lettuce and its pharmacological properties. Due to their bioaccessibility and bioavailability, the consumer will be able to comprehensively understand choosing a healthier lettuce diet. The common utilization pattern of lettuce extracted nutrients will also be summarized for further direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Shi
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, School of Agriculture and Food, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (M.S.); (J.G.); (H.W.)
| | - Jingyu Gu
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, School of Agriculture and Food, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (M.S.); (J.G.); (H.W.)
| | - Hanjing Wu
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, School of Agriculture and Food, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (M.S.); (J.G.); (H.W.)
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Swabi 94640, Pakistan;
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh;
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Zidan Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh;
| | - Saikat Mitra
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh;
| | - Abdullah S. M. Aljohani
- Department of Veterinary of Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Fahad A. Alhumaydhi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Science, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Yahya S. Al-Awthan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia; (Y.S.A.-A.); (O.B.)
- Department of Biology Faculty of Sciences, Ibb University, Ibb 70270, Yemen
| | - Omar Bahattab
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia; (Y.S.A.-A.); (O.B.)
| | - Muthu Thiruvengadam
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.T.); (H.A.R.S.)
| | - Hafiz A. R. Suleria
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, School of Agriculture and Food, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (M.S.); (J.G.); (H.W.)
- Correspondence: (M.T.); (H.A.R.S.)
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Malik J, Kaur S, Karan M, Choudhary S. Neuroprotective effect of standardized extracts of three Lactuca sativa Linn. varieties against 3-NP induced Huntington's disease like symptoms in rats. Nutr Neurosci 2022; 25:1173-1187. [PMID: 33164715 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2020.1841500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of three commonly consumed Lactuca sativa (LS) Linn. varieties viz., Grand rapid, Lollo rosso and Iceberg (Asteraceae) against 3-NP induced HD like symptoms in rats. METHODS Ethanol extracts of leaves of three LS varieties were prepared, and standardized on the basis of quercetin content using HPLC. These extracts (100 and 200 mg kg, p.o. for 20 days) were evaluated for their neuroprotective effect against 3-NP (10 mg/kg, i.p. for 14 days) induced neurotoxicity in male Wistar rats. The extract that exhibited maximum activity was successively fractionated using hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and aqueous in increasing order of polarity. These fractions were also evaluated (dose equivalent to the dose of the extract of LS variety exhibiting maximum activity) for their neuroprotective effect. The protective effect of extracts and fractions was evaluated using different behavioral (rota rod, actophotometer, beam walk and Morris water maze) and biochemical (malondialdehyde, nitrite, superoxide dismutase, catalase and reduced glutathione) parameters. RESULTS 3-NP elicit marked deterioration in motor coordination, locomotor activity and memory in comparison to control group. Standardized ethanol extract of grand rapid (200 mg/kg) exhibited maximum activity amongst the three tested varieties. Therefore, its fractions were also evaluated, and n-butanol fraction (40 mg/kg) exhibited maximum attenuation of 3-NP induced HD like symptoms which was evident from improved behavioral and biochemical parameters. DISCUSSION The results exhibit that LS (Grand rapid variety) prophylaxis mitigated 3-NP induced neurotoxicity and HD like symptoms in rats due to its potent antioxidant potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jai Malik
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences - UGC Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Supreet Kaur
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences - UGC Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Maninder Karan
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences - UGC Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sunayna Choudhary
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences - UGC Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Yang X, Gil MI, Yang Q, Tomás-Barberán FA. Bioactive compounds in lettuce: Highlighting the benefits to human health and impacts of preharvest and postharvest practices. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:4-45. [PMID: 34935264 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lettuce is one of the most commonly consumed leafy vegetables worldwide and is available throughout the entire year. Lettuce is also a significant source of natural phytochemicals. These compounds, including glycosylated flavonoids, phenolic acids, carotenoids, the vitamin B groups, ascorbic acid, tocopherols, and sesquiterpene lactones, are essential nutritional bioactive compounds. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the composition of health-promoting compounds in different types of lettuce, the potential health benefits of lettuce in reducing the risks of chronic diseases, and the effect of preharvest and postharvest practices on the biosynthesis and accumulation of health-promoting compounds in lettuce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yang
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (IUA-CAAS), Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu, China
| | - María I Gil
- Centre for Applied Biology and Soil Science of Segura, Spanish National Research Council (CEBAS-CSIC), Murcia, Spain
| | - Qichang Yang
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (IUA-CAAS), Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Francisco A Tomás-Barberán
- Centre for Applied Biology and Soil Science of Segura, Spanish National Research Council (CEBAS-CSIC), Murcia, Spain
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5
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Jeong SY, Kim E, Zhang M, Lee YS, Ji B, Lee SH, Cheong YE, Yun SI, Kim YS, Kim KH, Kim MS, Chun HS, Kim S. Antidiabetic Effect of Noodles Containing Fermented Lettuce Extracts. Metabolites 2021; 11:520. [PMID: 34436461 PMCID: PMC8401091 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11080520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to examine the antidiabetic effect of noodle containing fermented lettuce extract (FLE) on diabetic mice as a pre-clinical study. The γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content, antioxidant capacity, and total polyphenol content of the FLE noodles were analyzed and compared with those of standard noodles. In addition, oral glucose and sucrose tolerance, and fasting blood glucose tests were performed using a high-fat diet/streptozotocin-mediated diabetic mouse model. Serum metabolite profiling of mice feed standard or FLE noodles was performed using gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS) to understand the mechanism changes induced by the FLE noodles. The GABA content, total polyphenols, and antioxidant activity were high in FLE noodles compared with those in the standard noodles. In vivo experiments also showed that mice fed FLE noodles had lower blood glucose levels and insulin resistance than those fed standard noodles. Moreover, glycolysis, purine metabolism, and amino acid metabolism were altered by FLE as determined by GC-TOF-MS-based metabolomics. These results demonstrate that FLE noodles possess significant antidiabetic activity, suggesting the applicability of fermented lettuce extract as a potential food additive for diabetic food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Yeon Jeong
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea; (S.Y.J.); (E.K.); (S.-I.Y.); (Y.-S.K.)
| | - Eunjin Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea; (S.Y.J.); (E.K.); (S.-I.Y.); (Y.-S.K.)
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Environment Science & Biotechnology, Jeonju University, Jeonju 55069, Korea;
| | - Yun-Seong Lee
- HumanEnos LLC, Wanju 55347, Korea; (Y.-S.L.); (B.J.)
| | - Byeongjun Ji
- HumanEnos LLC, Wanju 55347, Korea; (Y.-S.L.); (B.J.)
| | - Sun-Hee Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (S.-H.L.); (Y.E.C.); (K.H.K.)
| | - Yu Eun Cheong
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (S.-H.L.); (Y.E.C.); (K.H.K.)
| | - Soon-Il Yun
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea; (S.Y.J.); (E.K.); (S.-I.Y.); (Y.-S.K.)
| | - Young-Soo Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea; (S.Y.J.); (E.K.); (S.-I.Y.); (Y.-S.K.)
| | - Kyoung Heon Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (S.-H.L.); (Y.E.C.); (K.H.K.)
| | - Min Sun Kim
- Center for Nitric Oxide Metabolite, Department of Physiology, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea;
| | - Hyun Soo Chun
- HumanEnos LLC, Wanju 55347, Korea; (Y.-S.L.); (B.J.)
| | - Sooah Kim
- Department of Environment Science & Biotechnology, Jeonju University, Jeonju 55069, Korea;
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Asgharzadeh F, Hosseini M, Bargi R, Beheshti F, Rakhshandeh H, Mansouri S, Aghaei A, Sadeghnia HR, Anaeigoudari A. Effects of Hydro-ethanolic Extract of Tanacetum parthenium and its N-Butanol and Aqueous Fractions on Brain Oxidative Damage in Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Seizures in Mice. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.34172/ps.2020.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Asgharzadeh
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Hosseini
- Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Rahimeh Bargi
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farimah Beheshti
- Neuroscience Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Hassan Rakhshandeh
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Somaye Mansouri
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Azita Aghaei
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Sadeghnia
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Akbar Anaeigoudari
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
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7
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Rajabian A, Sadeghnia HR, Hosseini A, Mousavi SH, Boroushaki MT. 3-Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid attenuated oxidative glutamate toxicity in neuron-like cell lines by apoptosis inhibition. J Cell Biochem 2020; 121:1778-1789. [PMID: 31642100 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
3-Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA), a pentacyclic triterpenic acid present in gum resin of Boswellia serrata, has been found to possess antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. In this study, we aimed to examine protective properties of AKBA against glutamate-induced neuronal injury. To investigate the effects of AKBA (2.5-10 µM) on glutamate injury in neuron-like cells PC12 and N2a, two treatment regimens (incubation for 2 or 0 hours before glutamate exposure) were used. Then, the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide method was used to determine viability of the cells. Cellular redox status was evaluated using fluorimetry and comet assays. Annexin V/propidium iodide double staining and Western blot analysis of relative apoptotic proteins were conducted. Based on the results, 24 hours incubation with glutamate (8 mM) increased the cell mortality of PC12 and N2a (P < .001). However, AKBA (2.5-10 µM) enhanced the cell viability in both treatment regimens (P < .001). Also co- and pretreatment with AKBA significantly attenuated lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species production, and DNA injury (P < .05 and P < .001). AKBA also restored the activity of cellular superoxide dismutase under glutamate toxicity; this effect was seen to be more significant during the pretreatment regimen (P < .001). Moreover, Western blot analysis indicated that AKBA inhibited glutamate-induced programmed cell death through depressing the elevation of the expression ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and cleaved-caspase-3 proteins, concentration-dependently. Overall, the present findings suggest the neuroprotective activities of AKBA against glutamate-induced cell injury probably by inhibiting oxidative damage and reducing apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Rajabian
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Sadeghnia
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Azar Hosseini
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Hadi Mousavi
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taher Boroushaki
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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9
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Purple lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) attenuates metabolic disorders in diet induced obesity. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Malik J, Kaur J, Choudhary S. Standardized extract of Lactuca sativa Linn. and its fractions abrogates scopolamine-induced amnesia in mice: A possible cholinergic and antioxidant mechanism. Nutr Neurosci 2018; 21:361-372. [PMID: 28245707 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2017.1291166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of Lactuca sativa (LS) Linn. (Asteraceae) against scopolamine-induced amnesia and to validate its traditional claim as memory enhancer. METHODS Ethanol extract of fresh LS leaves (LSEE), standardized on the basis of quercetin content, was successively partitioned using various solvents viz., hexane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol in increasing order of polarity. LSEE (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) and its various fractions (at a dose equivalent to dose of LSEE exhibiting maximum activity), administered orally for 14 days, were evaluated for their memory enhancing effect against scopolamine-induced (1 mg/kg, i.p.) amnesia in 3-4 months old male Laca mice (n = 6 in each group). The memory enhancing effect was evaluated using behavioural (elevated plus maze, novel object recognition and Morris water maze tests) and biochemical parameters (acetylcholinesterase activity, malonaldehyde, superoxide dismutase, nitrite, catalase, and reduced gultathione content). The results of the test substances were compared with both scopolamine and donepezil that was used as a standard memory enhancer and acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. RESULTS Scopolamine elicit marked deterioration of memory and alteration in biochemical parameters in comparison to the control group. LSEE and its n-butanol and aqueous fractions significantly (P < 0.05) attenuated the scopolamine-induced amnesia that was evident in all the behavioural and biochemical test parameters. LSEE (200 mg/kg) and n-butanol fraction (15 mg/kg) exhibited maximum anti-amnesic effect among various tested dose levels. DISCUSSION The results exhibited that LS prophylaxis attenuated scopolamine-induced memory impairment through its acetylcholinesterase inhibitory and antioxidant activity validating its traditional claim.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jai Malik
- a University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences - UGC Centre of Advanced Study , Panjab University , Chandigarh 160014 , India
| | - Jagpreet Kaur
- a University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences - UGC Centre of Advanced Study , Panjab University , Chandigarh 160014 , India
| | - Sunayna Choudhary
- a University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences - UGC Centre of Advanced Study , Panjab University , Chandigarh 160014 , India
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Synergistic and Defensive Properties of Emblica officinalis, Terminalia chebula, and Terminalia bellerica Extracts Against Serum/Glucose Deprivation-Induced PC12 Cells Death. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/jjnpp.65032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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12
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Bakhtiari E, Hosseini A, Mousavi SH. The role of ROS and NF-κB pathway in olmesartan induced-toxicity in HeLa and mcf-7 cell lines. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 93:429-434. [PMID: 28666209 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.06.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Revised: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We have recently shown that olmesartan could induce toxicity in HeLa and MCF-7 cell lines. In this study we investigated toxicity mechanism of olmesartan in HeLa and MCF-7 cell lines. HeLa and MCF-7 cells were cultured in DMEM in optimum conditions. Cells were pretreated with rutin as an antioxidant and treated with olmesartan as a cytotoxic agent. Cell proliferation was determined by MTT assay. The role of ROS was determined using DCFH-DA by flow cytometry analysis. Also, cells were treated with olmesartan (5mM) and Bay 11-7-82 (25μM) for 24h, then expression of apoptotic proteins including Bax, caspase3 and IκB were investigated in both cell lines by western blotting. Cell viability decreased with olmesartan in malignant cell lines. Kinetic of ROS assay showed increment of ROS generation starting at 2h which peaked at 4h after treatment. Pretreatment with antioxidant rutin decreased ROS increment which was consistent with improved viability of olmesartan-treated cells. Apoptosis results showed that olmesartan and Bay 11-7082 increased expression of apoptotic proteins such as Bax, caspase3 and IκB. Results proposed ROS increment and apoptosis could be involving mechanisms in olmesartan-induced toxicity in HeLa and MCF-7 cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Bakhtiari
- Eye Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Clinical Research Development Unit, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Azar Hosseini
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Hadi Mousavi
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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13
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Postu PA, Noumedem JAK, Cioanca O, Hancianu M, Mihasan M, Ciorpac M, Gorgan DL, Petre BA, Hritcu L. Lactuca capensis reverses memory deficits in Aβ1-42-induced an animal model of Alzheimer's disease. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 22:111-122. [PMID: 28816008 PMCID: PMC5742732 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the neuropharmacological effects of the methanolic extract from Lactuca capensis Thunb. leaves (100 and 200 mg/kg) for 21 days on memory impairment in an Alzheimer's disease (AD) rat model produced by direct intraventricular delivery of amyloid‐β1‐42 (Aβ1‐42). Behavioural assays such as Y‐maze and radial arm maze test were used for assessing memory performance. Aβ1‐42 decreased cognitive performance in the behavioural tests which were ameliorated by pre‐treatment with the methanolic extract. Acetylcholinesterase activity and oxidant–antioxidant balance in the rat hippocampus were abnormally altered by Aβ1‐42 treatment while these deficits were recovered by pre‐treatment with the methanolic extract. In addition, rats were given Aβ1‐42 exhibited in the hippocampus decreased brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA copy number and increased IL‐1β mRNA copy number which was reversed by the methanolic extract administration. These findings suggest that the methanolic extract could be a potent neuropharmacological agent against dementia via modulating cholinergic activity, increasing of BDNF levels and promoting antioxidant action in the rat hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaures A K Noumedem
- Pôle Recherche Innovation et Entrepreneuriat (PRIE), Institut Universitaire de la Côte, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Oana Cioanca
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'Gr. T. Popa', Iasi, Romania
| | - Monica Hancianu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'Gr. T. Popa', Iasi, Romania
| | - Marius Mihasan
- Department of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Iasi, Romania
| | - Mitica Ciorpac
- Department of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Iasi, Romania
| | | | | | - Lucian Hritcu
- Department of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Iasi, Romania
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Javidi M, Dastmalchi P, Zarei M, Shayani Rad M, Ghorbani A. In Vitro Cytotoxicity of a New Nano Root Canal Sealer on Human Gingival Fibroblasts. IRANIAN ENDODONTIC JOURNAL 2017; 12:220-225. [PMID: 28512490 PMCID: PMC5431722 DOI: 10.22037/iej.2017.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of a new nano zinc-oxide eugenol (NZOE) sealer on human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) compared with Pulpdent (micro-sized ZOE sealer) and AH-26 (resin-based sealer). Methods and Materials: The Pulpdent, AH-26, and NZOE sealers were prepared and exposed to cell culture media immediately after setting, and 24 h and one week after setting. Then, the primary cultured HGFs were incubated for 24 h with different dilutions (1:1 to 1:32) of each sealer extract. Cell viability was evaluated by methyl thiazolyl diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The results were compared using two-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. The level of significance was set at 0.05. Results: All sealer extracts, up to 32 times dilutions, showed cytotoxicity when exposed to HGF immediately after setting. The extracts obtained 24 h or one week after setting showed lower cytotoxicity than extracts obtained immediately after setting. At all setting times, NZOE showed lower cytotoxicity than Pulpdent and AH-26. While one-week extracts of NZOE had no significant effect on the viability of HGF at dilutions 1:4 to 1:32, both Pulpdent and AH-26 decreased the cell viability at dilutions of 1:4 and 1:8. Conclusion: NZOE exhibited lower cytotoxicity compared to Pulpdent and AH-26 on HGF and has the potential to be considered as a new root canal filling material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Javidi
- Dental Materials Research Centre, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Parisa Dastmalchi
- Dental Materials Research Centre, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mina Zarei
- Dental Materials Research Centre, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Shayani Rad
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ghorbani
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Bee venom induces apoptosis and suppresses matrix metaloprotease-2 expression in human glioblastoma cells. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Hosseini R, Moosavi F, Rajaian H, Silva T, Magalhães e Silva D, Soares P, Saso L, Edraki N, Miri R, Borges F, Firuzi O. Discovery of neurotrophic agents based on hydroxycinnamic acid scaffold. Chem Biol Drug Des 2016; 88:926-937. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Razieh Hosseini
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center; Shiraz University of Medical Sciences; Shiraz Iran
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Veterinary Medicine; Shiraz University; Shiraz Iran
| | - Fatemeh Moosavi
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center; Shiraz University of Medical Sciences; Shiraz Iran
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Veterinary Medicine; Shiraz University; Shiraz Iran
| | - Hamid Rajaian
- CIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Faculty of Sciences; University of Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - Tiago Silva
- CIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Faculty of Sciences; University of Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - Diogo Magalhães e Silva
- CIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Faculty of Sciences; University of Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - Pedro Soares
- CIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Faculty of Sciences; University of Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”; Sapienza University of Rome; Rome Italy
| | - Najmeh Edraki
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center; Shiraz University of Medical Sciences; Shiraz Iran
| | - Ramin Miri
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center; Shiraz University of Medical Sciences; Shiraz Iran
| | - Fernanda Borges
- CIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Faculty of Sciences; University of Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - Omidreza Firuzi
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center; Shiraz University of Medical Sciences; Shiraz Iran
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Rajabian A, Boroushaki MT, Hayatdavoudi P, Sadeghnia HR. Boswellia serrata Protects Against Glutamate-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in PC12 and N2a Cells. DNA Cell Biol 2016; 35:666-679. [PMID: 27494534 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2016.3332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate whether the extract from Boswellia serrata oleo-gum resin (BSE) can protect against glutamate-induced oxidative damage and cytotoxicity in PC12 and N2a cell lines. Using a simple and reliable reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), the amount of 3-acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA) in the BSE was found to be 18.5% w/w. The results confirmed that BSE and AKBA, at concentrations as high as 100 μg/mL or 10 μM, respectively, caused no significant cytotoxicity or apoptotic cell death. Co- and pretreatment with BSE (25-100 μg/mL) or AKBA (5 μM) restored the viability of PC12 and N2a cells under glutamate toxicity (8 mM). Treatment with BSE and AKBA also attenuated the toxic effects of glutamate on intracellular reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase activity, and oxidative DNA damage compared with the untreated glutamate-injured cells. Furthermore, BSE and AKBA decreased the apoptotic cell population in the sub-G1 region and the rate of both early and late-stage apoptosis induced by glutamate in the cells. Our data suggest that the protective effects of Boswellia extract and AKBA against glutamate toxicity in PC12 and N2a cells may be mediated through the amelioration of the oxidative stress and the resultant apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Rajabian
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taher Boroushaki
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad, Iran .,2 Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad, Iran
| | - Parichehr Hayatdavoudi
- 3 Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Sadeghnia
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad, Iran .,2 Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad, Iran .,4 Neurocognitive Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad, Iran
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Askari VR, Baradaran Rahimi V, Ghorbani A, Rakhshandeh H. Hypnotic Effect of Ocimum basilicum on Pentobarbital-Induced Sleep in Mice. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2016; 18:e24261. [PMID: 27651944 PMCID: PMC5020426 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.24261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background Sleep disorders are accompanied by several complications, and currently used soporific drugs can induce unwanted effects such as psychomotor impairment, tolerance, amnesia, and rebound insomnia. Objectives The present study was carried out to investigate if Ocimum basilicum has a sleep-prolonging effect. Materials and Methods This work was an experimental study on 72 mice which were randomly divided into 9 groups: saline (control); diazepam (3 mg/kg, positive control); hydro-alcoholic extract (HAE) of Ocimum basilicum (25, 50, or 100 mg/kg); ethyl acetate fraction (EAF, 50 mg/kg); n-butanol fraction (NBF, 50 mg/kg); water fraction (WF, 50 mg/kg); and saline containing 10% DMSO (vehicle for EAF and NBF). All the test compounds were injected intraperitoneally (IP) 30 minutes before pentobarbital administration (30 mg/kg). Duration and latency of pentobarbital-induced sleep were recorded. Also, LD50 of HAE was determined and the cytotoxicity of HAE was tested on neural and fibroblast cells using the MTT assay. Results HAE increased the duration of pentobarbital-induced sleep at doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg (P < 0.001). The hypnotic effect of HAE was comparable to that induced by diazepam. Similarly, WF, EAF, and NBF at 50 mg/kg could increase sleep duration. The sleep latency was decreased by HAE (P < 0.01 - P < 0.001) and NBF (P < 0.001), but not by WF and EAF. The LD50 value for HAE was found to be 2.4 g/kg. HAE had no effect on the viability of neuronal PC12 cells and L929 fibroblast cells. Conclusions The present data demonstrated that Ocimum basilicum potentiates sleeping behaviors without any cytotoxicity. The main component (s) responsible for the hypnotic effects of this plant is most likely a non-polar agent (s) which is found in NBF. Isolation of the active constituents may yield a novel sedative drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Reza Askari
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran
| | | | - Ahmad Ghorbani
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran
| | - Hassan Rakhshandeh
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Hassan Rakhshandeh, Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran. Tel: +98-5138828566, Fax: +98-5138828567, E-mail:
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Wang N, Wang X, Huang X, Mao Z, Zhang Y, Yu Y, Shou D. Monosaccharide composition analysis of immunomodulatory polysaccharides by on-line hollow fiber microextraction with high-performance liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:818-26. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201501205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nani Wang
- Department of Medicine; Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Xuping Wang
- Department of Medicine; Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Xiaowen Huang
- Department of Medicine; Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Zhujun Mao
- Department of Medicine; Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Medicine; Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Yong Yu
- Department of Medicine; Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Dan Shou
- Department of Medicine; Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Hangzhou Zhejiang China
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Javidi M, Zarei M, Omidi S, Ghorbani A, Gharechahi M, Shayani Rad M. Cytotoxicity of a New Nano Zinc-Oxide Eugenol Sealer on Murine Fibroblasts. IRANIAN ENDODONTIC JOURNAL 2015; 10:231-5. [PMID: 26525834 PMCID: PMC4609659 DOI: 10.7508/iej.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of a new nano zinc-oxide eugenol (NZOE) sealer in comparison with AH-26 and Pulpdent root canal sealers. Methods and Materials: The L929 mouse fibroblast cells were cultivated and incubated for 24, 48 or 72 h with different dilutions (1/1, 1/2, 1/4, 1/8, 1/16 and 1/32) of culture media previously exposed to either of the test sealers naming NZOE, AH-26 or Pulpdent. At the end of incubation period, the effect of sealers on cell viability was evaluated using Mosmann’s Tetrazolium Toxicity (MTT) colorimetric assay. The data was compared using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the Tukey’s post hoc test for multiple comparisons. Results: After 24, 48 or 72 h, both NZOE and Pulpdent sealers inhibited cell viability at 1/1, 1/2 and 1/8 dilutions. Within the 24 and 48 h, the AH-26 sealer reduced the cell viability at all dilutions except the 1/32 solution; however after 72 h even the 1/32 dilution was cytotoxic. Conclusion: The biocompatibility of the nano zinc-oxide eugenol sealer was comparable to Pulpdent sealer and lower than AH-26.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Javidi
- Dental Material Research Center, Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mina Zarei
- Dental Material Research Center, Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Salma Omidi
- Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ghorbani
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Medical School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Gharechahi
- Dental Material Research Center, Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Shayani Rad
- Student Research Committee (SRC), Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Viola tricolor induces apoptosis in cancer cells and exhibits antiangiogenic activity on chicken chorioallantoic membrane. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:625792. [PMID: 25243166 PMCID: PMC4163403 DOI: 10.1155/2014/625792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the cytotoxic and apoptogenic properties of hydroalcoholic extract and ethyl acetate (EtOAc), n-butanol, and water fractions (0-800 μg/mL) of Viola tricolor were investigated in Neuro2a mouse neuroblastoma and MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. In addition, antiangiogenic effect of EtOAc fraction was evaluated on chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). The quality of EtOAc fraction was also characterized using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprint. Cytotoxicity assay revealed that EtOAc fraction was the most potent among all fractions with maximal effect on MCF-7 and minimal toxicity against normal murine fibroblast L929 cells. Apoptosis induction by EtOAc fraction was confirmed by increased sub-G1 peak of propidium iodide (PI) stained cells. This fraction triggered the apoptotic pathway by increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and cleaved caspase-3 level. Moreover, treatment with EtOAc fraction significantly decreased the diameter of vessels on CAM, while the number of newly formed blood vessels was not suppressed significantly. Analysis of quality of EtOAc fraction using HPLC fingerprint showed six major peaks with different retention times. The results of the present study suggest that V. tricolor has potential anticancer property by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting angiogenesis.
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