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Liu S, Jin X, Shang Y, Wang L, Du K, Chen S, Li J, He J, Fang S, Chang Y. A comprehensive review of the botany, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicity and quality control of Perillae Fructus. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 304:116022. [PMID: 36481246 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.116022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Perilla frutescens (Linnaeus) Britton, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 5: 277. 1894., is famous as a worldwide plant with multiple medical parts, including leaves, stems, fruits, etc. Perillae Fructus, the desiccative ripe fruit of P. frutescens, is locally called Zisuzi in Chinese Pharmacopoeia. It is a popularly used herb for relieving cough and asthma, dissipating phlegm and treating constipation in some Asian countries, such as China, Japan, India, South Korea, etc. Various chemical compounds were isolated and identified from Perillae Fructus. THE AIM OF THE REVIEW This review aims to summarize the botany, ethnopharmacological applications, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicity and quality control of Perillae Fructus to provide scientific evidence for development and utilization Perillae Fructus. MATERIALS AND METHODS Relevant information about Perillae Fructus was collected from ScienceDirect, PubMed, Web of science, CNKI, WanFang data, ancient classics and clinical reports. Some electronic databases were also retrieved. RESULTS Perillae Fructus was exerted to treat cough and asthma in traditional application. It also had the effect on moistening intestine to relieve constipation for tremendous lipid substances. Up to now, 193 compounds have been isolated and identified from Perillae Fructus, mainly including fatty acids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, phytosterols, triterpenoids and volatile oils. As for its pharmacological activities, prevalent traditional applications of Perillae Fructus have been supported by modern pharmacological experiments in vivo or in vitro, such as anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects. Besides, Perillae Fructus also has hypolipidemic, anti-tumor, antibacterial effects, etc. This review will provide a scientific basis for further studies and rational applications of Perillae Fructus in the future. CONCLUSIONS According to its traditional applications, phytochemicals and pharmacological activities, Perillae Fructus was regarded as a valuable herb for application in medicine and food fields. Although some ingredients have been confirmed to have multiple pharmacological activities, their mechanisms of action are still unclear. Further studies on the material basis and mechanism of action are clearly warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Xingyue Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Ye Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Lirong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Kunze Du
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Shujing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Jin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Jun He
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Shiming Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Yanxu Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
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Nishikawa M, Ohara N, Naito Y, Saito Y, Amma C, Tatematsu K, Baoyindugurong J, Miyazawa D, Hashimoto Y, Okuyama H. Rapeseed (canola) oil aggravates metabolic syndrome-like conditions in male but not in female stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP). Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:256-268. [PMID: 35242585 PMCID: PMC8866840 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Canola oil shortens life of male SHRSP. Testis is the target of canola oil toxicity. Inhibition of negative regulation by testosterone of aldosterone production may be a trigger of canola oil toxicity. Facilitation of hypertension by aldosterone may lead to life-shortening. Increased plasma lipids by canola oil have no relevance to life-shortening.
This study was conducted to investigate whether or not there are sex differences in canola oil (CAN)-induced adverse events in the rat and to understand the involvement and the role of testosterone in those events, including life-shortening. Stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) of both sexes were fed a diet containing 10 wt/wt% soybean oil (SOY, control) or CAN as the sole dietary fat. The survival of the males fed the CAN diet was significantly shorter than that of those fed the SOY diet. In contrast, the survival of the females was not affected by CAN. The males fed the CAN diet showed elevated blood pressure, thrombopenia and insulin-tolerance, which are major symptoms of metabolic syndrome, whereas such changes by the CAN diet were not found in the females. Plasma testosterone was significantly lower in animals of both sexes fed the CAN diet than in those fed the SOY diet, but interestingly, the lowered testosterone was accompanied by a marked increase in plasma aldosterone only in the males. These results demonstrate significant sex differences in CAN-toxicity and suggest that those sex differences may be attributable to the increased aldosterone level, which triggers aggravation of the genetic diseases specific to SHRSP, that is, metabolic syndrome-like conditions, but only in the males. The present results also suggest that testosterone may negatively regulate aldosterone production in the physiology of the males, and the inhibition of that negative regulation caused by the CAN diet is one of the possible causes of the adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Nishikawa
- College of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University, 2-1723 Omori, Moriyama-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 463-8521, Japan
| | - Naoki Ohara
- College of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University, 2-1723 Omori, Moriyama-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 463-8521, Japan
- Corresponding author.
| | - Yukiko Naito
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Saito
- Hatano Research Institute, Food and Drug Safety Center, 729-5 Ochiai, Hadano, Kanagawa 257-8523, Japan
| | - Chihiro Amma
- College of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University, 2-1723 Omori, Moriyama-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 463-8521, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Tatematsu
- Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 5-6-1 Mitabora, Gifu, Gifu 502-8585, Japan
| | - Jinhua Baoyindugurong
- Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, College of Food Science and Engineering, Zhaowuda Rd. 306, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010018, PR China
| | - Daisuke Miyazawa
- College of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University, 2-1723 Omori, Moriyama-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 463-8521, Japan
| | - Yoko Hashimoto
- School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8650, Japan
| | - Harumi Okuyama
- College of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University, 2-1723 Omori, Moriyama-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 463-8521, Japan
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Fully hydrogenated canola oil extends lifespan in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Lipids Health Dis 2021; 20:102. [PMID: 34511125 PMCID: PMC8436556 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-021-01540-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Canola oil (Can) and several vegetable oils shorten the lifespan of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP). Although similar lifespan shortening has been reported for partially hydrogenated Can, the efficacy of fully hydrogenated oils on the lifespan remains unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the lifespan of SHRSP fed diets containing 10 % (w/w) of fully hydrogenated Can (FHCO) or other oils. Methods Survival test: Upon weaning, male SHRSP were fed a basal diet for rodents mixed with one of the test oils —i.e., FHCO, Can, lard (Lrd), and palm oil (Plm) throughout the experiment. The animals could freely access the diet and drinking water (water containing 1 % NaCl), and their body weight, food intake, and lifespan were recorded. Biochemical analysis test: Male SHRSP were fed a test diet with either FHCO, Can, or soybean oil (Soy) under the same condition, except to emphasize effects of fat, that no NaCl loading was applied. Soy was used as a fat source in the basal diet and was set the control group. Blood pressures was checked every 2 weeks, and serum fat levels and histological analyses of the brain and kidney were examined after 7 or 12 weeks of feeding. Results During the survival study period, the food consumption of FHCO-fed rats significantly increased (15–20 % w/w) compared with that of rats fed any other oil. However, the body weight gain in the FHCO group was significantly less (10–12 %) than that in the control group at 9–11 weeks old. The FHCO (> 180 days) intervention had the greatest effect on lifespan, followed by the Lrd (115 ± 6 days), Plm (101 ± 2 days), and Can (94 ± 3 days) diets. FHCO remarkably decreased the serum cholesterol level compared with Can and the systolic blood pressure from 12 to 16 weeks of age. In addition, while some rats in the Can group exhibited brain hemorrhaging and renal dysfunction at 16 weeks old, no symptoms were observed in the FHCO group. Conclusion This current study suggests that complete hydrogenation decreases the toxicity of Can and even prolongs the lifespan in SHRSP. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12944-021-01540-7.
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Analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcer properties of Thai Perilla frutescence fruit oil in animals. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:227473. [PMID: 33399183 PMCID: PMC7823181 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20203166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Perilla frutescens fruit oil (PFO) is rich in α-linolenic acid (ALA) and exhibits biological activities. We aimed to investigate analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcer activities of PFO and PFO-supplemented soybean milk (PFO-SM) in animal models. Analgesic activity was assessed in acetic acid-induced writhing in mice, while anti-inflammatory activity was performed in ethyl phenylpropiolate (EPP)-induced ear edema and carrageenan-induced hind paw edema in rats. Anti-ulcer effects were conducted in water immersion stress, HCl/ethanol and indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rats. Distinctly, PFO, containing 6.96 mg ALA and 2.61 mg LA equivalence/g, did not induce acute toxicity (LD50 > 10 mL/kg) in mice. PFO (2.5 and 5 mL/kg) and PFO-SM (0.05 mL PFO equivalence/kg) inhibited incidences of writhing (16.8, 18.0 and 32.3%, respectively) in acetic acid-induced mice. In addition, topical applications of PFO (0.1 and 1 mL/ear) significantly inhibited EPP-induced ear edema (59.3 and 65.7%, respectively) in rats, while PFO-SM slightly inhibited ear edema (25.9%). However, PFO and PFO-SM did not inhibit carrageenan-induced hind paw edema in rats. Indeed, PFO (2.5 and 5 mL/kg) significantly inhibited gastric ulcers in rats that induced by water immersion stress (92.4 and 96.6%, respectively), HCl/ethanol (74.8 and 73.3%, respectively) and indomethacin (68.8 and 88.9%, respectively), while PFO-SM did not. PFO displayed potent analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcer properties, while PFO-SM exerted only analgesic properties. Thus, Thai PFO and its functional drink offer potential benefits in treatment of analgesic, inflammatory diseases and gastric ulcer.
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Yu X, Zhang X, Jin H, Wu Z, Yan C, Liu Z, Xu X, Liu S, Zhu F. Zhengganxifeng Decoction Affects Gut Microbiota and Reduces Blood Pressure via Renin–Angiotensin System. Biol Pharm Bull 2019; 42:1482-1490. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b19-00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Yu
- Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Gansu Gem Flower Hospital (Lanzhou Petrochemical General Hospital)
| | - Xindi Zhang
- Gansu Gem Flower Hospital (Lanzhou Petrochemical General Hospital)
| | - Hua Jin
- Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Zhiwei Wu
- Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Chunlu Yan
- Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Zhijun Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Gansu Traditional Chinese Medicine University
| | - Xinghua Xu
- Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | | | - Feifei Zhu
- Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
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Lauretti E, Praticò D. Effect of canola oil consumption on memory, synapse and neuropathology in the triple transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17134. [PMID: 29215028 PMCID: PMC5719422 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17373-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years consumption of canola oil has increased due to lower cost compared with olive oil and the perception that it shares its health benefits. However, no data are available on the effect of canola oil intake on Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis. Herein, we investigated the effect of chronic daily consumption of canola oil on the phenotype of a mouse model of AD that develops both plaques and tangles (3xTg). To this end mice received either regular chow or a chow diet supplemented with canola oil for 6 months. At this time point we found that chronic exposure to the canola-rich diet resulted in a significant increase in body weight and impairments in their working memory together with decrease levels of post-synaptic density protein-95, a marker of synaptic integrity, and an increase in the ratio of insoluble Aβ 42/40. No significant changes were observed in tau phosphorylation and neuroinflammation. Taken together, our findings do not support a beneficial effect of chronic canola oil consumption on two important aspects of AD pathophysiology which includes memory impairments as well as synaptic integrity. While more studies are needed, our data do not justify the current trend aimed at replacing olive oil with canola oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Lauretti
- Alzheimer's Center at Temple, Department of Pharmacology Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Domenico Praticò
- Alzheimer's Center at Temple, Department of Pharmacology Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
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Guo H, Ban YH, Cha Y, Kim TS, Lee SP, Suk An E, Choi J, Woom Seo D, Yon JM, Choi EK, Kim YB. Comparative effects of plant oils and trans-fat on blood lipid profiles and ischemic stroke in rats. J Biomed Res 2017; 31:122-129. [PMID: 28808194 PMCID: PMC5445215 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.31.20160095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Since plant oils are believed to be better than animal fats for cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases, the effects of various plant oils and trans-fat on blood lipid profiles and ischemic stroke were investigated. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a diet containing the oils or trans-fat, and then body weights, blood lipids, and effects on brain infarction and physical dysfunction induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) were analyzed. All the oils and trans-fat, except perilla oil, significantly increased body fats and body weight gain. Sesame oil and trans-fat specifically increased blood cholesterols and triglycerides, respectively, while perilla oil decreased both cholesterols and triglycerides. Perilla oil not only attenuated cerebral infarction, but also restored locomotor activity and rota-rod performances of MCAO rats. It is suggested that perilla oil among oils and fats could be the first choice to reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome and ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyu Guo
- Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hwan Ban
- Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeseul Cha
- Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Su Kim
- Anydoctor Healthcare Co., Ltd., Cheonan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Pyo Lee
- Anydoctor Healthcare Co., Ltd., Cheonan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Suk An
- Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Choi
- Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Woom Seo
- Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Min Yon
- Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Ehn-Kyoung Choi
- Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Bae Kim
- Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
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Anti-atherosclerotic effects of perilla oil in rabbits fed a high-cholesterol diet. Lab Anim Res 2016; 32:171-179. [PMID: 27729934 PMCID: PMC5057006 DOI: 10.5625/lar.2016.32.3.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-atherosclerosis effects of perilla oil were investigated, in comparison with lovastatin, in rabbits fed a high-cholesterol diet (HCD). Hypercholesterolemia was induced in rabbits by feeding the HCD containing 0.5% cholesterol and 1% corn oil, and perilla oil (0.1 or 0.3%) was added to the diet containing 0.5% cholesterol for 10 weeks. HCD greatly increased blood total cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins, and caused thick atheromatous plaques, covering 74% of the aortic wall. Hyper-cholesterolemia also induced lipid accumulation in the liver and kidneys, leading to lipid peroxidation. Perilla oil not only attenuated hypercholesterolemia and atheroma formation, but also reduced fat accumulation and lipid peroxidation in hepatic and renal tissues. The results indicate that perilla oil prevents atherosclerosis and fatty liver by controlling lipid metabolism, and that it could be the first choice oil to improve diet-induced metabolic syndrome.
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