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Elsayed B, Elhadary M, Elshoeibi RM, Elshoeibi AM, Badr A, Metwally O, ElSherif RA, Salem ME, Khadadah F, Alshurafa A, Mudawi D, Yassin M. Deep learning enhances acute lymphoblastic leukemia diagnosis and classification using bone marrow images. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1330977. [PMID: 38125946 PMCID: PMC10731043 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1330977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) poses a significant health challenge, particularly in pediatric cases, requiring precise and rapid diagnostic approaches. This comprehensive review explores the transformative capacity of deep learning (DL) in enhancing ALL diagnosis and classification, focusing on bone marrow image analysis. Examining ten studies conducted between 2013 and 2023 across various countries, including India, China, KSA, and Mexico, the synthesis underscores the adaptability and proficiency of DL methodologies in detecting leukemia. Innovative DL models, notably Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) with Cat-Boosting, XG-Boosting, and Transfer Learning techniques, demonstrate notable approaches. Some models achieve outstanding accuracy, with one CNN reaching 100% in cancer cell classification. The incorporation of novel algorithms like Cat-Swarm Optimization and specialized CNN architectures contributes to superior classification accuracy. Performance metrics highlight these achievements, with models consistently outperforming traditional diagnostic methods. For instance, a CNN with Cat-Boosting attains 100% accuracy, while others hover around 99%, showcasing DL models' robustness in ALL diagnosis. Despite acknowledged challenges, such as the need for larger and more diverse datasets, these findings underscore DL's transformative potential in reshaping leukemia diagnostics. The high numerical accuracies accentuate a promising trajectory toward more efficient and accurate ALL diagnosis in clinical settings, prompting ongoing research to address challenges and refine DL models for optimal clinical integration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ahmed Badr
- College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | | | - Fatima Khadadah
- Cancer Genetics Lab, Kuwait Cancer Control Centre, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Awni Alshurafa
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Doha, Qatar
| | - Deena Mudawi
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohamed Yassin
- College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Doha, Qatar
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