1
|
Herrmann AM, Meckel S, Gounis MJ, Kringe L, Motschall E, Mülling C, Boltze J. Large animals in neurointerventional research: A systematic review on models, techniques and their application in endovascular procedures for stroke, aneurysms and vascular malformations. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2019; 39:375-394. [PMID: 30732549 PMCID: PMC6421248 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x19827446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neuroendovascular procedures have led to breakthroughs in the treatment of ischemic stroke, intracranial aneurysms, and intracranial arteriovenous malformations. Due to these substantial successes, there is continuous development of novel and refined therapeutic approaches. Large animal models feature various conceptual advantages in translational research, which makes them appealing for the development of novel endovascular treatments. However, the availability and role of large animal models have not been systematically described so far. Based on comprehensive research in two databases, this systematic review describes current large animal models in neuroendovascular research including their primary use. It may therefore serve as a compact compendium for researchers entering the field or looking for opportunities to refine study concepts. It also describes particular applications for ischemic stroke and aneurysm therapy, as well as for the treatment of arteriovenous malformations. It focuses on most promising study designs and readout parameters, as well as on important pitfalls in endovascular translational research including ways to circumvent them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Herrmann
- 1 Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,2 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stephan Meckel
- 1 Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matthew J Gounis
- 3 Department of Radiology, New England Center for Stroke Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Leona Kringe
- 1 Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,2 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Edith Motschall
- 4 Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Mülling
- 2 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Johannes Boltze
- 5 School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, UK.,6 Department of Translational Medicine and Cell Technology, Fraunhofer Research Institution for Marine Biotechnology and Cell Technology and Institute for Medical and Marine Biotechnology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Effect of Combination Therapy with Neuroprotective and Vasoprotective Agents on Cerebral Ischemia. Can J Neurol Sci 2018; 45:325-331. [DOI: 10.1017/cjn.2018.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBecause most tested drugs are active against only one of the damaging processes associated with stroke, other mechanisms may cause cellular death. Thus, a combination of protective agents targeting different pathophysiological mechanisms may obtain better effects than a single agent. The major objective of this study was to investigate the effect of combination therapy with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) after controlled ischemic brain injury in rabbits.Methods:Animals were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: sham group, saline-treated control group or NGF+VEGF-treated group. Animals received an intracerebral microinjection of VEGF and NGF or saline at 5 or 8 hours after ischemia. The two specified time points of administration were greater than or equal to the existing therapeutic time window for monoterapy with VEGF or NGF alone (3 or 5 hours of ischemia). Infarct volume, water content, neurological deficits, neural cell apoptosis and the expression of caspase-3 and Bcl-2 were measured.Results:Compared with saline-treated controls, the combination therapy of VEGF and NGF significantly reduced infarct volume, water content, neural cell apoptosis and the expression of caspase-3, up-regulated the expression of Bcl-2 and improved functional recovery (bothp<0.01) when administered 5 or 8 hours after ischemia. The earlier the administration the better the neuroprotection.Conclusions:These results showed that the combination therapy with VEGF and NGF provided neuroprotective effects. In addition, the time window of combination treatment should be at least 8 hours after ischemia, which was wider than monotherapy.RÉSUMÉ:Les effets d’une polythérapie combinant agents neuro-protecteurs et agents vasoprotecteurs dans les cas d’ischémie cérébrale.Contexte:Étant donné que la plupart des médicaments préalablement testés tendent à n’agir contre seulement un des processus de dommage associés aux AVC, il est possible que d’autres processus entraînent une mort cellulaire. À cet effet, il se pourrait qu’une combinaison d’agents protecteurs ciblant divers mécanismes physiopathologiques permette d’obtenir de meilleurs résultats qu’un simple agent. Après avoir suscité de façon contrôlée des lésions cérébrales ischémiques chez des lapins, l’objectif principal de la présente étude a donc été de se pencher sur l’impact d’une polythérapie combinant la protéine dite « facteur de croissance de l’endothélium vasculaire » (ou « VEGF » en anglais) avec le « facteur de croissance des nerfs » (ou « NGF » en anglais).Méthodes:Les animaux ont été attribués au hasard à l’un des groupes suivants : ceux ayant reçu un traitement fictif ; ceux, du groupe témoin, ayant bénéficié d’un traitement à base de solution saline ; et finalement ceux ayant été traités au moyen des VEGF et NGF. À noter que les lapins ont reçu une micro-injection intracérébrale de VEGF et de NGF ou de solution saline 5 heures ou 8 heures à la suite de leur AVC. Ces deux délais d’administration des VEGF et NGF sont équivalents ou supérieurs aux délais actuels d’administration des VEGF ou NGF à titre de monothérapie (3 heures ou 5 heures à la suite d’un AVC). Tant le volume des infarctus, le contenu en eau, les déficits neurologiques ainsi causés, l’apoptose des neurones que l’expression des protéases caspase 3 et des protéines Bcl-2 ont été mesurés.Résultats:Si on la compare au traitement à base de solution saline administré au groupe témoin, la polythérapie à base de VEGF et de NGF, lorsqu’administrée 5 heures ou 8 heures à la suite de l’AVC, a su réduire de façon notable le volume des infarctus, le contenu en eau, l’apoptose des neurones et l’expression des protéases caspase 3. Elle a également permis de réguler à la hausse l’expression des protéines Bcl-2 en plus d’entraîner une amélioration de la récupération fonctionnelle (p< 0,01 pour ces deux aspects). Ainsi donc, plus tôt l’on opte pour cette polythérapie, meilleure sera la neuroprotection encourue.Conclusions:Ces résultats démontrent que la polythérapie à base de VEGF et de NGF procure des effets neuroprotecteurs. Quant au délai d’administration de ce traitement combinatoire, il devrait être d’au moins 8 heures à la suite d’un AVC, ce qui est plus élevé que la monothérapie.
Collapse
|
3
|
Bhatti MS, Tang TB, Chen HC. Ocular Blood Flow in Rabbits under Deep Anesthesia: A Real-Time Measurement Technique and Its Application in Characterizing Retinal Ischemia. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5713. [PMID: 29632320 PMCID: PMC5890247 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24141-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we reported a new technique based on laser speckle flowgraphy to record the ocular blood flow in rabbits under deep anesthesia, and proposed parameters to characterize retinal ischemia. We applied the proposed technique to study the correlation of blood flow between the eyes of normal non-anesthetized animals, and to characterize the occlusion of the internal carotid artery (ICA) and external carotid artery (ECA). We established a correlation in blood flow between the eyes of non-anesthetized animals, and derived two new parameters, namely, the laterality index and vascular perfusion estimate (VPE). Our experimental results from 16 eyes (of 13 New Zealand white rabbits) showed a reduction in ocular blood flow with a significant decrease in the VPE after the occlusion of the ECA (p < 0.001). A low/minimal effect on blood flow was observed with the occlusion of the ICA. In conclusion, we demonstrated a means for the real-time measurement of the ocular blood flow in rabbits under deep anesthesia by using laser speckle flowgraphy and the VPE as an indicator of successful occlusion. The proposed technique might be applicable in quantifying the efficacy of new drugs and interventions for the treatment of retinal ischemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehwish Saba Bhatti
- Centre for Intelligent Signal and Imaging Research (CISIR), Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, 32610, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Tong Boon Tang
- Centre for Intelligent Signal and Imaging Research (CISIR), Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, 32610, Perak, Malaysia.
| | - Hui Cheng Chen
- Department of Companion Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mo Y, Huang L, Chen L, Veronesi M, Shi Y, Chen S, Peng L, Zhou L, Pu Y, Wang J. An experimental rabbit model of symptomatic cerebral vasospasm with in vivo neuroimaging assessment and ex vivo histological validation. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:2411-2417. [PMID: 29456646 PMCID: PMC5795581 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.5690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral vasospasm (CVS) is a severe complication that occurs following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) has been used to evaluate brain injury following SAH in humans. The present study was designed to assess a rabbit model of symptomatic CVS (SCVS) and the utility of MRA in evaluating SCVS in rabbits. Japanese white rabbits (n=24) were randomly divided into 2 equal groups: A sham group and a SAH group. Neurological scores were evaluated for 7 days following SAH. Basilar artery (BA) diameters were measured using MRA preoperatively and 7 days postoperatively. Rabbits were sacrificed 7 days following SAH and the BA diameter of each rabbit was determined using histological evaluation. Compared with the Sham group, neurological function was significantly reduced in the SAH group at all time points (P<0.05). Furthermore, the BA diameter was significantly smaller in the SAH group on day 7 compared with the baseline measurement (P<0.05). No significant difference was observed between histological and MRA findings in either group at day 7. Histological changes in the hippocampus consistent with ischemia were observed in the SAH group. Hippocampal ischemia was also identified in the SAH group via MRA and there was no difference in detection rates following the use of MRA and histochemistry. MRA appears to be an effective method for assessing vasospasms of the BA and ischemic changes to the hippocampus in a rabbit model of SCVS. Furthermore, the animal model used in the present study may be beneficial for the future study of SCVS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunchang Mo
- Department of Anesthesia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Luping Huang
- Department of Anesthesia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Linbi Chen
- Department of Anesthesia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Michael Veronesi
- Department of Radiology, University of Chicago Hospital, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Yiyi Shi
- Department of Anesthesia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Sijia Chen
- Department of Anesthesia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Linli Peng
- Department of Anesthesia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China.,Department of Anesthesia, Guangdong Provincial Maternity and Child Care Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, P.R. China
| | - Leping Zhou
- Department of Anesthesia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China.,Department of Anesthesia, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Yonglin Pu
- Department of Radiology, University of Chicago Hospital, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Junlu Wang
- Department of Anesthesia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen PC, Shoa KH, Jao JC, Hsiao CC. Dynamic magnetic resonance imaging of carbogen challenge on awake rabbit brain at 1.5T. JOURNAL OF X-RAY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2018; 26:997-1009. [PMID: 30223421 DOI: 10.3233/xst-180395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anesthesia may alter the cellular components contributing to the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal intensities. Developing awake animal models to evaluate cerebral function has grown in importance. OBJECTIVE To investigate a noninvasive strategy for dynamic MRI (dMRI) of awake rabbits during carbogen challenge. METHODS A nonmetallic assistive device with a self-adhering wrap secure procedure was developed for the head fixation of awake rabbits. Multi-shot gradient echo echo-planar imaging sequence was applied for the dMRI on a 1.5 T clinical MRI scanner with a quadrature head coil. The carbogen challenge pattern was applied in a sequence of air - carbogen - air - carbogen - air. Twelve scans were performed for each block of carbogen challenge. T2-weighted fast-spin echo and T1-weighted gradient echo sequences were performed before and after dMRI to evaluate the head position shifts. The whole dMRI scan time was about 30 minutes. RESULTS The position shift of 8 rabbits in the x-and y-direction was less than 3%. The average MRI signal intensities (SI) from the 8 rabbits during carbogen challenge was fitted well using exponential growth and decay functions. The average MRI SI increase due to carbogen inhaling was 1.51%. CONCLUSIONS The proposed strategy for head dMRI on an awake rabbit during carbogen challenge is feasible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Po-Chou Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kuan-Hsiung Shoa
- Department of Radiology, Jhong Jheng Orthopedic Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jo-Chi Jao
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia-Chi Hsiao
- Department of Radiology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, ROC
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yang J, Guo L, Liu R, Liu H. Neuroprotective effects of VEGF administration after focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion: Dose response and time window. Neurochem Int 2012; 60:592-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2012.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Revised: 01/25/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
7
|
Therapeutic time window for the neuroprotective effects of NGF when administered after focal cerebral ischemia. Neurol Sci 2011; 32:433-41. [PMID: 21409508 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-011-0512-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2009] [Accepted: 02/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we evaluated the neuroprotection time window for nerve growth factor (NGF) after ischemia/reperfusion brain injury in rabbits as related to this anti-apoptosis mechanism. Male New Zealand rabbits were subjected to 2 h of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), followed by 70 h of reperfusion. NGF was administered after injury to evaluate the time window. Neurological deficits, infarct volume, neural cell apoptosis and expressions of caspase-3 and Bcl-2 were measured. Compared to saline-treated control, NGF treatment at 2, 3 and 5 h after MCAO significantly reduced infarct volume, neural cell apoptosis and expression of caspase-3 (P < 0.01), up-regulated the expression of Bcl-2 and improved functional recovery (P < 0.01). However, treatment at latter time points did not produce significant neuroprotection. Neuroprotection treatment with NGF provides an extended time window of up to 5 h after ischemia/reperfusion brain injury, in part by attenuating the apoptosis.
Collapse
|