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Nitrative Stress and Auditory Dysfunction. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15060649. [PMID: 35745568 PMCID: PMC9227425 DOI: 10.3390/ph15060649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrative stress is increasingly recognized as a critical mediator of apoptotic cell death in many pathological conditions. The accumulation of nitric oxide along with superoxide radicals leads to the generation of peroxynitrite that can eventually result in the nitration of susceptible proteins. Nitrotyrosine is widely used as a biomarker of nitrative stress and indicates oxidative damage to proteins. Ototoxic insults, such as exposure to noise and ototoxic drugs, enhance the generation of 3-nitrotyrosine in different cell types in the cochlea. Nitrated proteins can disrupt critical signaling pathways and eventually lead to apoptosis and loss of sensory receptor cells in the cochlea. Accumulating evidence shows that selective targeting of nitrative stress attenuates cellular damage. Anti-nitrative compounds, such as peroxynitrite decomposition catalysts and inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitors, prevent nitrative stress-mediated auditory damage. However, the role of nitrative stress in acquired hearing loss and its potential significance as a promising interventional target is yet to be fully characterized. This review provides an overview of nitrative stress mechanisms, the induction of nitrative stress in the auditory tissue after ototoxic insults, and the therapeutic value of targeting nitrative stress for mitigating auditory dysfunction.
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Ye B, Wang Q, Hu H, Shen Y, Fan C, Chen P, Ma Y, Wu H, Xiang M. Restoring autophagic flux attenuates cochlear spiral ganglion neuron degeneration by promoting TFEB nuclear translocation via inhibiting MTOR. Autophagy 2019; 15:998-1016. [PMID: 30706760 PMCID: PMC6526833 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1569926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy dysfunction is associated with many neurodegenerative diseases. TFEB (transcription factor EB), an important molecule that regulates lysosomal and autophagy function, is regarded as a potential target for treating some neurodegenerative diseases. However, the relationship between autophagy dysfunction and spiral ganglion neuron (SGN) degeneration and the role of TFEB in SGN degeneration has not yet been established. Here, we showed that in degenerated SGNs, induced by sensory epithelial cell loss in the cochlea of mice following kanamycin and furosemide administration, the lipofuscin area and oxidative stress level were increased, the nuclear-to-cytoplasmic TFEB ratio was decreased, and the late stage of autophagic flux was impaired. After autophagy dysfunction was partially ameliorated with an MTOR inhibitor, which promoted TFEB translocation into the nucleus from the cytoplasm, we found that the lysosomal deficits were significantly relieved, the oxidative stress level was reduced, and the density of surviving SGNs and auditory nerve fibers was increased. The results in the present study reveal that autophagy dysfunction is an important component of SGN degeneration, and TFEB may be a potential target for attenuating SGN degeneration following sensory epithelial cell loss in the cochlea of mice. Abbreviations: 3-NT: 3-nitrotyrosine; 4-HNE: 4-hydroxynonenal; 8-OHdG: 8-hydroxy-2ʹ-deoxyguanosine; ABR: auditory brainstem response; APP: amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein; CLEAR: coordinated lysosomal expression and regulation; CTSB: cathespin B; CTSD: cathespin D; SAMR1: senescence-accelerated mouse/resistance 1; SAMP8: senescence-accelerated mouse/prone 8; MAPK1/ERK2: mitogen-activated protein kinase 1; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; SGN: spiral ganglion neuron; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TEM: transmission electron microscope; TFEB: transcription factor EB
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Ye
- a Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Ruijin Hospital , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China.,b Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose diseases, The Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China.,c Ear Institute , Shanghai Jiao tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Quan Wang
- a Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Ruijin Hospital , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China.,b Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose diseases, The Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China.,c Ear Institute , Shanghai Jiao tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Haixia Hu
- a Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Ruijin Hospital , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China.,b Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose diseases, The Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China.,c Ear Institute , Shanghai Jiao tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Yilin Shen
- a Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Ruijin Hospital , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China.,b Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose diseases, The Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China.,c Ear Institute , Shanghai Jiao tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Cui Fan
- a Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Ruijin Hospital , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China.,b Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose diseases, The Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China.,c Ear Institute , Shanghai Jiao tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Penghui Chen
- b Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose diseases, The Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China.,c Ear Institute , Shanghai Jiao tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Yan Ma
- b Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose diseases, The Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China.,c Ear Institute , Shanghai Jiao tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Hao Wu
- b Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose diseases, The Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China.,c Ear Institute , Shanghai Jiao tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Mingliang Xiang
- a Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Ruijin Hospital , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China.,b Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose diseases, The Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China.,c Ear Institute , Shanghai Jiao tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
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Ye B, Fan C, Shen Y, Wang Q, Hu H, Xiang M. The Antioxidative Role of Autophagy in Hearing Loss. Front Neurosci 2019; 12:1010. [PMID: 30686976 PMCID: PMC6333736 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.01010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, a highly conserved cellular mechanism, plays an essential role in the development and pathology of many central and peripheral nervous system diseases. The auditory system, especially hair cells (HCs) and spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) in the inner ear, are postmitotic cells, which are extremely reliant on cellular homeostasis and energy supply. Therefore, autophagy may be involved in contributing to and facilitating the normal function of inner ear cells. Recently, studies on hearing loss induced by ototoxic drugs, noise exposure and other factors have revealed that autophagy could serve in an antioxidative capacity and could possess the potential to treat sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Therefore, here we review previous studies concerning autophagy and SNHL to gain insight into the role of autophagic mechanisms in inner ear disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Ye
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Cui Fan
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yilin Shen
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Quan Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Haixia Hu
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingliang Xiang
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
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Han J, Zhang H, Wang S, Zhou J, Luo Y, Long LH, Hu ZL, Wang F, Chen JG, Wu PF. Potentiation of Surface Stability of AMPA Receptors by Sulfhydryl Compounds: A Redox-Independent Effect by Disrupting Palmitoylation. Neurochem Res 2016; 41:2890-2903. [PMID: 27426946 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-2006-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sulfhydryl compounds such as dithiothreitol (DTT) and β-mercaptoethanol (β-ME) are widely used as redox agents. Previous studies in our group and other laboratory have reported the effect of sulfhydryl compounds on the function of glutamate receptor, including plasticity. Most of these findings have focused on the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor, in contrast, very little is known about the effect of sulfhydryl compounds on α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid receptor (AMPAR). Here, we observed that DTT (100 μM), β-ME (200 μM) and L-cysteine (200 μM) significantly elevated the surface expression of AMPARs via reducing their palmitoylation in rat hippocampal slices in vitro. Increased surface stability of AMPARs was not be correlated with the altered redox status, because the chemical entities containing mercapto group such as penicillamine (200 μM) and 2-mercapto-1-methylimidazole (200 μM) exhibited little effects on the surface expression of AMPARs. Computing results of Asp-His-His-Cys (DHHC) 3, the main enzyme for palmitoylation of AMPARs, indicated that only the alkyl mercaptans with chain-like configuration, such as DTT and β-ME, can enter the pocket of DHHC3 and disrupt the catalytic activity via inhibiting DHHC3 auto-palmitoylation. Collectively, our findings indicate a novel redox-independent mechanism underlay the multiple effects of thiol reductants on synaptic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Han
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Hai Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Li-Hong Long
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.,The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.,Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, The Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Zhuang-Li Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.,The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.,Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, The Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.,The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.,Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, The Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Jian-Guo Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.,The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.,Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, The Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Peng-Fei Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China. .,Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China. .,The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China. .,Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, The Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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Gross J, Olze H, Mazurek B. Differential Expression of Transcription Factors and Inflammation-, ROS-, and Cell Death-Related Genes in Organotypic Cultures in the Modiolus, the Organ of Corti and the Stria Vascularis of Newborn Rats. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2014; 34:523-38. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-014-0036-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Imai T, Kosuge Y, Endo-Umeda K, Miyagishi H, Ishige K, Makishima M, Ito Y. Protective effect of S-allyl-L-cysteine against endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced neuronal death is mediated by inhibition of calpain. Amino Acids 2013; 46:385-93. [PMID: 24287800 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-013-1628-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, implicated in various neurodegenerative processes, increases the level of intracellular Ca(2+) and leads to activation of calpain, a Ca(2+)-dependent cysteine protease. We have shown previously that S-allyl-L-cysteine (SAC) in aged garlic extracts significantly protects cultured rat hippocampal neurons (HPNs) against ER stress-induced neurotoxicity. The neuroprotective effect of SAC was compared with those of the related antioxidant compounds, L-cysteine (CYS) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC), on calpain activity in HPNs and also in vitro. SAC, but not CYS or NAC, reversibly restored the survival of HPNs and increased the degradation of α-spectrin, a substrate for calpain, induced by tunicamycin, a typical ER stress inducer. Activities of μ- and m-calpains in vitro were also concentration dependently suppressed by SAC, but not by CYS or NAC. At submaximal concentration, although ALLN (5 pM), which blocks the active site of calpain, and calpastatin (100 pM), an endogenous calpain-inhibitor protein, additively inhibited μ-calpain activity in vitro in combination with SAC, the effect of PD150606 (25 μM), which prevents interaction of Ca(2+) with the Ca(2+)-binding site of calpain, was unaffected by SAC. In contrast, SAC (1 mM) significantly reversed the effect of PD150606 at a concentration that elicited supramaximal inhibition (100 μM), but did not affect ALLN (1 nM)- and calpastatin (100 nM)-induced inhibition of μ-calpain activity. These results suggest that the protective effects of SAC against ER stress-induced neuronal cell death are not attributable to antioxidant activity, but to suppression of calpain through interaction with its Ca(2+)-binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Imai
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan
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Liu W, Fan Z, Han Y, Zhang D, Li J, Wang H. Intranuclear localization of apoptosis-inducing factor and endonuclease G involves in peroxynitrite-induced apoptosis of spiral ganglion neurons. Neurol Res 2012; 34:915-22. [PMID: 23006905 DOI: 10.1179/1743132812y.0000000098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study was designed to determine whether or not the caspase-independent apoptotic pathway participated in the cellular death of spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) after exposure to peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)), with particular attention given to the intranuclear translocation of mitochondrial apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and endonuclease G (Endo G) in this process. METHODS The rat SGNs were isolated and primary cultured in vitro and were exposed to ONOO(-) with pre-treatment of pan-caspase inhibitor. Morphological changes of SGNs were observed by acridine orange cytochemistry staining, and apoptosis was examined by flow cytometry. The translocation of mitochondrial AIF and Endo G was detected by immunocytochemistry and Western blot. The protein expressions of Bcl-2 family in SGNs exposed to ONOO(-) were determined by Western blot. RESULTS Treatment of SGNs with ONOO(-) resulted in the occurrence of caspase-independent apoptosis as evidenced by acridine orange staining and flow cytometry analysis. The immunocytochemical analysis showed that AIF and Endo G labeling were marked in neuronal nuclei, while the Western blot demonstrated the intranuclear localization of AIF and Endo G in SGNs treated with ONOO(-). Western blot analysis demonstrated that ONOO(-) increased the Bax expression while reducing Bcl-2 expression, which was not prevented by pre-treatment with caspase inhibitor. CONCLUSION These data indicate that ONOO(-) can trigger caspase-independent apoptosis in SGNs associated with mitochondrial AIF and Endo G intranuclear localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
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