1
|
Peper CJ, Kilgore MD, Jiang Y, Xiu Y, Xia W, Wang Y, Shi M, Zhou D, Dumont AS, Wang X, Liu N. Tracing the path of disruption: 13C isotope applications in traumatic brain injury-induced metabolic dysfunction. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14693. [PMID: 38544365 PMCID: PMC10973562 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cerebral metabolic dysfunction is a critical pathological hallmark observed in the aftermath of traumatic brain injury (TBI), as extensively documented in clinical investigations and experimental models. An in-depth understanding of the bioenergetic disturbances that occur following TBI promises to reveal novel therapeutic targets, paving the way for the timely development of interventions to improve patient outcomes. The 13C isotope tracing technique represents a robust methodological advance, harnessing biochemical quantification to delineate the metabolic trajectories of isotopically labeled substrates. This nuanced approach enables real-time mapping of metabolic fluxes, providing a window into the cellular energetic state and elucidating the perturbations in key metabolic circuits. By applying this sophisticated tool, researchers can dissect the complexities of bioenergetic networks within the central nervous system, offering insights into the metabolic derangements specific to TBI pathology. Embraced by both animal studies and clinical research, 13C isotope tracing has bolstered our understanding of TBI-induced metabolic dysregulation. This review synthesizes current applications of isotope tracing and its transformative potential in evaluating and addressing the metabolic sequelae of TBI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles J. Peper
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Departments of Neurosurgery and NeurologyTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | - Mitchell D. Kilgore
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Departments of Neurosurgery and NeurologyTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | - Yinghua Jiang
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Departments of Neurosurgery and NeurologyTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | - Yuwen Xiu
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Departments of Neurosurgery and NeurologyTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | - Winna Xia
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Departments of Neurosurgery and NeurologyTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | - Yingjie Wang
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Departments of Neurosurgery and NeurologyTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | - Mengxuan Shi
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Departments of Neurosurgery and NeurologyTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | - Di Zhou
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Departments of Neurosurgery and NeurologyTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | - Aaron S. Dumont
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Departments of Neurosurgery and NeurologyTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Departments of Neurosurgery and NeurologyTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
- Neuroscience Program, Tulane Brain InstituteTulane UniversityNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | - Ning Liu
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Departments of Neurosurgery and NeurologyTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
- Neuroscience Program, Tulane Brain InstituteTulane UniversityNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
- Tulane University Translational Sciences InstituteNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang XH, Cui H, Zheng SM, Lu Y, Yuan HW, Zhang L, Wang HH, Du RS. Electroacupuncture regulates microglial polarization via inhibiting NF-κB/COX2 pathway following traumatic brain injury. Brain Res 2023; 1818:148516. [PMID: 37562566 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress are important pathological mechanisms following traumatic brain injury (TBI). The NF-κB/COX2 pathway regulates neuroinflammation and oxidative damage, while microglia also play an important role in neuroinflammation. Since NF-κB is involved in microglial polarization, targeting this pathway and microglial polarization is a critical component of TBI treatment. Currently, electroacupuncture (EA) is widely used to treat various symptoms after TBI, but the mechanisms of EA remain poorly understood. Additionally, the optimal frequency of EA remains unclear, which affects its efficacy. This study focuses on exploring the optimal frequency parameters of EA on TBI and investigating the underlying mechanisms of EA through NF-κB/COX2 pathway and microglial polarization. METHODS The study was divided into two parts. In Experiment 1, 42 Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were induced and randomly divided into seven groups (n = 6). Except for the sham group, all rats underwent controlled cortical impact (CCI) to establish TBI model. Four EA groups (with different frequencies) and manual acupuncture (without current stimulation) received stimulation on the acupoints of Shuigou (GV26), Fengchi (GB20) and Neiguan (PC6) once a day for 7 days. The neurological function was assessed by modified Neurological Severity Scores (mNSS), and the rats' memory and learning were examined by the Morris water maze (MWM). SOD, MDA, and GSH-Px were detected to evaluate the levels of oxidative stress. The levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were evaluated by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Detection of the above indicators indicated a treatment group that exerted the strongest neuroprotection against TBI, we then conducted Experiment 2 using this screened acupuncture treatment to investigate the mechanism of acupuncture. 48 rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 12): sham, TBI model, acupuncture and PDTC (NF-κB inhibitor). Evaluations of mNSS, MWM test, SOD, MDA, GSH-Px, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10 were the same as in Experiment 1. Western blot was applied for detecting the expression levels of NF-κB, p-NF-κB, COX2, and Arg-1. TUNEL was used to examine neuronal apoptosis. Brain structure was observed by H&E. Iba-1, COX2, and Arg-1 were investigated by immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS EA with frequency of 2/100 Hz markedly improved neuronal and cognitive function as compared to the other treatment groups. Moreover, it downregulated the expression of MDA, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α and upregulated the levels of SOD and GSH-Px. In addition, Both EA with 2/100 Hz and PDTC reduced the levels of p-NF-κB, COX2 and M1 markers (COX2, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α) and increased the levels of M2 markers (Arg-1, IL-10). Moreover, they had similar effects on reducing inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis, and improving neuronal and cognitive function. CONCLUSIONS The collective findings strongly suggest that EA with 2/100 Hz can improve neurologic function by suppressing neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis. Additionally, we confirm that EA promotes microglial polarization towards the M2 phenotype through the suppression of NF-κB/COX2 pathway, thus exerting neuroprotective effects after TBI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hui Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Hai Cui
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Shu-Mei Zheng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yun Lu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Hong-Wen Yuan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Hong-Hong Wang
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine Science Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Ruo-Sang Du
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Walter J, Mende J, Hutagalung S, Grutza M, Younsi A, Zheng G, Unterberg AW, Zweckberger K. Focal lesion size poorly correlates with motor function after experimental traumatic brain injury in mice. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265448. [PMID: 35294482 PMCID: PMC8926209 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It remains unclear whether neurobehavioral testing adds significant information to histologic assessment of experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI) and if automated gait assessment using the CatWalk XT®, while shown to be effective in in the acute phase, is also effective in the chronic phase after experimental TBI. Therefore, we evaluated the correlation of CatWalk XT® parameters with histologic lesion volume and analyzed their temporal and spatial patterns over four weeks after trauma induction. Methods C57Bl/6 mice were subjected to controlled cortical impact (CCI). CatWalk XT® analysis was performed one day prior to surgery and together with the histological evaluation of lesion volume on postoperative days one, three, seven, 14 and 28. Temporal and spatial profiles of gait impairment were analyzed and a total of 100 CatWalk XT® parameters were correlated to lesion size. Results While in the first week after CCI, there was significant impairment of nearly all CatWalk XT® parameters, impairment of paw prints, intensities and dynamic movement parameters resolved thereafter; however, impairment of dynamic single paw parameters persisted up to four weeks. Correlation of the CatWalk XT® parameters with lesion volume was poor at all timepoints. Conclusion As CatWalk XT® parameters do not correlate with focal lesion size after CCI, gait assessment using the CatWalk XT® might add valuable information to solitary histologic evaluation of the injury site. While all CatWalk XT® parameters can be used for gait assessments in the first week after CCI, dynamic single paw parameters might be more relevant in the chronic phase after experimental TBI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Walter
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Jannis Mende
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Samuel Hutagalung
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Grutza
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Younsi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Guoli Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas W. Unterberg
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Zweckberger
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Niu F, Qian K, Qi H, Zhao Y, Jiang Y, Jia W, Sun M. CPCGI Reduces Gray and White Matter Injury by Upregulating Nrf2 Signaling and Suppressing Calpain Overactivation in a Rat Model of Controlled Cortical Impact. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2020; 16:1929-1941. [PMID: 32904488 PMCID: PMC7455756 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s266136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compound porcine cerebroside and ganglioside injection (CPCGI), which involves injection of a neurotrophic drug, has been widely used to treat certain brain disorders in the clinic; however, the detailed mechanism is unknown. This study investigated whether CPCGI protects the brain from trauma by stimulating antioxidative nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling and suppressing calpain overactivation in a rat model of controlled cortical impact (CCI). MATERIALS AND METHODS The rat model of CCI was used. Neurological deficits, contusion, and white matter damage were evaluated 3 days after CCI. Calpain activation, Nrf2 signaling and oxidative stress were determined 24 h after CCI. RESULTS CPCGI dose-dependently reduced neurological deficits, attenuated axonal and myelin sheath injury, and decreased contusion volume 3 days post-CCI. Moreover, CPCGI reduced calpain activity, and enhanced the cytosolic levels of calpastatin, αII-spectrin, microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2), neurofilament heavy chain (NF-H) and myelin basic protein (MBP) in traumatic tissues 24 h post-CCI. Furthermore, CPCGI reduced the levels of nuclear Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) and thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP); increased the levels of cytosolic Nrf2 and thioredoxin 1 (Trx 1) and nuclear Nrf2; increased the cytosolic and nuclear Nrf2/Keap1 and Trx 1/TXNIP ratios; enhanced the levels of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase activity, and total antioxidative capacity; and reduced the levels of malondialdehyde in TBI tissues. CONCLUSION These data confirm the neuroprotective effect of CPCGI against gray and white matter damage due to CCI and suggest that activating Nrf2 signaling and alleviating oxidative stress-mediated calpain activation could be one mechanism by which CPCGI protects against brain trauma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Niu
- Department of Neurotrauma, Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Qian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyan Qi
- Department of Acupuncture, Lianyungang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Lianyungang City 222000, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yumei Zhao
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Jiang
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Sun
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Glushakova OY, Glushakov AV, Yang L, Hayes RL, Valadka AB. Intracranial Pressure Monitoring in Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury: Implications for Clinical Management. J Neurotrauma 2019; 37:2401-2413. [PMID: 30595079 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2018.6145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is often associated with long-term disability and chronic neurological sequelae. One common contributor to unfavorable outcomes is secondary brain injury, which is potentially treatable and preventable through appropriate management of patients in the neurosurgical intensive care unit. Intracranial pressure (ICP) is currently the predominant neurological-specific physiological parameter used to direct the care of severe TBI (sTBI) patients. However, recent clinical evidence has called into question the association of ICP monitoring with improved clinical outcome. The detailed cellular and molecular derangements associated with intracranial hypertension (IC-HTN) and their relationship to injury phenotype and neurological outcomes are not completely understood. Various animal models of TBI have been developed, but the clinical applicability of ICP monitoring in the pre-clinical setting has not been well-characterized. Linking basic mechanistic studies in translational TBI models with investigation of ICP monitoring that more faithfully replicates the clinical setting will provide clinical investigators with a more informed understanding of the pathophysiology of IC-HTN, thus facilitating development of improved therapies for sTBI patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olena Y Glushakova
- Department of Neurosurgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Likun Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 101st Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Xuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ronald L Hayes
- Department of Neurosurgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.,Banyan Biomarkers, Inc., Alachua, Florida, USA
| | - Alex B Valadka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hou Z, Tian R, Han F, Hao S, Wu W, Mao X, Tao X, Lu T, Dong J, Zhen Y, Liu B. Decompressive craniectomy protects against hippocampal edema and behavioral deficits at an early stage of a moderately controlled cortical impact brain injury model in adult male rats. Behav Brain Res 2018; 345:1-8. [PMID: 29452194 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A decompressive craniectomy (DC) has been shown to be a life-saving therapeutic treatment for traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients, which also might result in post-operative behavioral dysfunction. However, there is still no definite conclusion about whether the behavioral dysfunction already existed at an early stage after the DC operation or is just a long-term post-operation complication. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to analyze whether DC treatment was beneficial to behavioral function at an early stage post TBI. In this study, we established a controlled cortical impact injury rat model to evaluate the therapeutic effect of DC treatment on behavioral deficits at 1 d, 2 d, 3 d and 7 d after TBI. Our results showed that rats suffered significant behavioral and mood deficits after TBI compared to the control group, while decompressive craniectomy treatment could normalize MMP-9 expression levels and reduce hippocampal edema formation, stabilize the expression of Synapsin I, which was a potential indicator of maintaining the hippocampal synaptic function, thus counteracting behavioral but not mood decay in rats subjected to TBI. In conclusion, decompressive craniectomy, excepting for its life-saving effect, could also play a potential beneficial neuroprotective role on behavioral but not mood deficits at an early stage of moderate traumatic brain injury in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zonggang Hou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, PR China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100050, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Runfa Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, PR China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100050, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Feifei Han
- Department of Diagnostics, Clinical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, PR China
| | - Shuyu Hao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, PR China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100050, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Weichuan Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baoan District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, 518102, PR China
| | - Xiang Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230000, PR China
| | - Xiaogang Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, PR China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100050, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Te Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, PR China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100050, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Jinqian Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, PR China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100050, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Yun Zhen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baoan District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, 518102, PR China.
| | - Baiyun Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, PR China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100050, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing, 100050, PR China; Neurotrauma Laboratory, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, PR China; Nerve Injury and Repair Center of Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100050, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zou H, Hurwitz M, Fowler L, Wagner AK. Abbreviated levetiracetam treatment effects on behavioural and histological outcomes after experimental TBI. Brain Inj 2016; 29:78-85. [PMID: 25255156 DOI: 10.3109/02699052.2014.955528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Long-term prophylactic treatment with levetiracetam (LEV) has multiple neuroprotective effects in a traumatic brain injury (TBI) rat model. Although a rational time-frame of seizure prophylactic treatment with LEV for after TBI is not well established, clinical prophylaxis with LEV often includes treatment duration similar to clinical treatment guidelines with Phenytoin. Thus, this study investigated the effects of abbreviated LEV treatment on behavioural function and histological evidence of neuroprotection. RESEARCH DESIGN Pre-clinical trial of abbreviated LEV dosing in an experimental model of TBI Methods: After either controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury or sham surgery, rats received three 50 mg kg(-1) doses over 24 hours or vehicle. After injury/sham surgery, beam performance, spatial learning, contusion volume size and hippocampal neuron survival were assessed. RESULTS Abbreviated LEV did not improve motor or cognitive performance after TBI. Further, abbreviated LEV did not improve hippocampal neuron sparing or contusion volumes compared with vehicle controls. CONCLUSIONS Together with previous work assessing daily LEV treatment, these results suggest that longer-term therapy may be required to confer beneficial effects within these domains. These findings may guide (1) future experimental studies assessing minimal effective dosing for neuroprotection and anti-epileptogenesis and (2) treatment guideline updates for seizure prophylaxis post-TBI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huichao Zou
- a Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tian R, Hou Z, Hao S, Wu W, Mao X, Tao X, Lu T, Liu B. Hydrogen-rich water attenuates brain damage and inflammation after traumatic brain injury in rats. Brain Res 2016; 1637:1-13. [PMID: 26826009 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress are the two major causes of apoptosis after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Most previous studies of the neuroprotective effects of hydrogen-rich water on TBI primarily focused on antioxidant effects. The present study investigated whether hydrogen-rich water (HRW) could attenuate brain damage and inflammation after traumatic brain injury in rats. A TBI model was induced using a controlled cortical impact injury. HRW or distilled water was injected intraperitoneally daily following surgery. We measured survival rate, brain edema, blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown and neurological dysfunction in all animals. Changes in inflammatory cytokines, inflammatory cells and Cho/Cr metabolites in brain tissues were also detected. Our results demonstrated that TBI-challenged rats exhibited significant brain injuries that were characterized by decreased survival rate and increased BBB permeability, brain edema, and neurological dysfunction, while HRW treatment ameliorated the consequences of TBI. HRW treatment also decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and HMGB1), inflammatory cell number (Iba1) and inflammatory metabolites (Cho) and increased the levels of an anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) in the brain tissues of TBI-challenged rats. In conclusion, HRW could exert a neuroprotective effect against TBI and attenuate inflammation, which suggests HRW as an effective therapeutic strategy for TBI patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Runfa Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, PR China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100050, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Zonggang Hou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, PR China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100050, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Shuyu Hao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, PR China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100050, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Weichuan Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baoan Central Hospital, Shenzhen 518102, PR China
| | - Xiang Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230000, PR China
| | - Xiaogang Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, PR China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100050, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Te Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, PR China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100050, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Baiyun Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, PR China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100050, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing 100050, PR China; Neurotrauma Laboratory, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, PR China; Nerve Injury and Repair Center of Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100050, PR China; Department of Neurotrauma, General Hospital of Armed Police Forces, Beijing 100039, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Neuroprotective efficacy of decompressive craniectomy after controlled cortical impact injury in rats: An MRI study. Brain Res 2015; 1622:339-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
10
|
Stocchetti N, Picetti E, Berardino M, Buki A, Chesnut RM, Fountas KN, Horn P, Hutchinson PJ, Iaccarino C, Kolias AG, Koskinen LO, Latronico N, Maas AIR, Payen JF, Rosenthal G, Sahuquillo J, Signoretti S, Soustiel JF, Servadei F. Clinical applications of intracranial pressure monitoring in traumatic brain injury : report of the Milan consensus conference. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2014; 156:1615-22. [PMID: 24849391 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-014-2127-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring has been for decades a cornerstone of traumatic brain injury (TBI) management. Nevertheless, in recent years, its usefulness has been questioned in several reports. A group of neurosurgeons and neurointensivists met to openly discuss, and provide consensus on, practical applications of ICP in severe adult TBI. METHODS A consensus conference was held in Milan on October 5, 2013, putting together neurosurgeons and intensivists with recognized expertise in treatment of TBI. Four topics have been selected and addressed in pro-con presentations: 1) ICP indications in diffuse brain injury, 2) cerebral contusions, 3) secondary decompressive craniectomy (DC), and 4) after evacuation of intracranial traumatic hematomas. The participants were asked to elaborate on the existing published evidence (without a systematic review) and their personal clinical experience. Based on the presentations and discussions of the conference, some drafts were circulated among the attendants. After remarks and further contributions were collected, a final document was approved by the participants. The group made the following recommendations: 1) in comatose TBI patients, in case of normal computed tomography (CT) scan, there is no indication for ICP monitoring; 2) ICP monitoring is indicated in comatose TBI patients with cerebral contusions in whom the interruption of sedation to check neurological status is dangerous and when the clinical examination is not completely reliable. The probe should be positioned on the side of the larger contusion; 3) ICP monitoring is generally recommended following a secondary DC in order to assess the effectiveness of DC in terms of ICP control and guide further therapy; 4) ICP monitoring after evacuation of an acute supratentorial intracranial hematoma should be considered for salvageable patients at increased risk of intracranial hypertension with particular perioperative features.
Collapse
|
11
|
Mazzio E, Soliman KFA. Whole genome expression profile in neuroblastoma cells exposed to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine. Neurotoxicology 2012; 33:1156-69. [PMID: 22776087 PMCID: PMC3470775 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2012.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Revised: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and subsequent energy failure is a contributing factor to degeneration of the substantia nigra pars compacta associated with Parkinson's disease (PD). In this study, we investigate molecular events triggered by cell exposure to the mitochondrial toxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine (MPP+) using whole genome-expression microarray, Western Blot and metabolic studies. The data show that MPP+ (500 μM) obstructs mitochondrial respiration/oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in mouse neuroblastoma Neuro-2a cells, juxtaposing accelerated glucose consumption and production of lactic acid. While additional glucose concentrations restored viability in the presence of MPP+ (500 μM), the loss of OXPHOS was sustained, suggesting that compensatory anaerobic metabolic systems were fulfilling required energy needs. Under these conditions, MPP+ initiated significant changes to the transcription of 439 genes of which 287 DAVID IDs were identified and subsequent functional annotation clusters identified. Prominent changes were as follows; MPP+ initiated loss of mRNA for mitochondrial encoded 3-hydroxybutyratedehydrogenase, type 2(Bdh2), tv1, NADH dehydrogenase 4,5 genes, cytochrome b and NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) flavoprotein 3, concomitant to rise in a mitochondrial fission gene; ganglioside-induced differentiation-associated-protein 1 (GDAP1). The negative changes to OXPHOS components were accompanied by protective forces within the mitochondria espousing elevated ratio of anti/pro-apoptotic processes. These included a loss of apoptotic Bcl-2/adenovirus E1B 19-kDa-interacting protein (BNIP3) and family with sequence similarity 162, member A (FAM162a) and rise of heat shock protein 1 and Lon peptidase 1. There were no changes indicative of free radical damage (e.g. SOD, GSH-Px), rather MPP+ initiated significant elevation in G protein signaling components (which trigger catabolic processes) and anaerobic metabolic systems involving carboxylic acid/transamination reactions (e.g. glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase 1 (GOT1), glutamic pyruvate-alanine transaminase 2 (GPT2), cystathionase and redox proteins such as cytochrome b5 reductase 1 and ferredoxin reductase. Counter-intuitively, the data show reduction of mRNA in glycolytic processes [DAVID enrichment score 9.96 p value 1.90E-19], some corroborated by Western Blot, bringing in to question the sources of lactate observed in the presence of MPP+. Examining this aspect, the data show that diverse carboxylic acids (succinate, oxaloacetate and a-ketoglutarate) are capable of contributing to the lactate pool in addition to phosph(enolpyruvate) or pyruvate in the absence of glucose by this cell line. In conclusion, these findings show that MPP+ negatively affects the transcriptome involved with complex I, but initiated an elevation of G protein signaling and anaerobic metabolic systems involved with nitrogen/carboxylic acid metabolism. Future research will be required to elucidate the survival pathways that drive anaerobic substrate level phosphorylation, and define functional ramification to the loss of mitochondrial FAM162a and BNIP3 proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Mazzio
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A & M University, Tallahassee, Florida 32307, USA
| | - KFA Soliman
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A & M University, Tallahassee, Florida 32307, USA
| |
Collapse
|