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Merrigan JJ, Burke AA, Oladipo E, Kearney J, Marks D, Martin JR. Upper body push to pull ratios in law enforcement officer recruits. Work 2022; 73:1167-1174. [DOI: 10.3233/wor-210761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Law enforcement recruits (LER) often encounter shoulder injuries, which may cause attrition from academies. Investigating required upper body muscular fitness may inform of muscular balance around shoulder joints through anterior and posterior ratios in LER. OBJECTIVE: To investigate push to pull ratios (P2P) and factors related with P2P in LER. METHODS: LER (95 males; 12 females) completed testing during a single session in the academy’s first week: body mass, one-repetition maximum (1RM) bench press, push-up repetitions (reps) to failure, and pull-up reps to failure. Calculations were: estimated pull-up 1-RM=body mass+0.033*(body mass x pull-ups); endurance P2P (eP2P)=push-ups / pull-ups; strength P2P (sP2P)=bench press 1RM / estimated pull-up 1-RM. Pearson correlation coefficients assessed relationships among tests and P2P (p < 0.05). RESULTS: The sP2P was positively correlated with bench press 1-RM and push-ups. The eP2P was negatively associated with pull-up reps and 1-RM. Females had similar eP2P, but lower sP2P than male recruits (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Practitioners may benefit from examining eP2P and sP2P as they should not be used interchangeably. Future research should examine whether the P2P ratios are associated with injury and subsequent inability to successfully complete law enforcement training academies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin J. Merrigan
- Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Adam A. Burke
- Sports Medicine Assessment Research & Testing (SMART) Laboratory, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Eddo Oladipo
- Sports Medicine Assessment Research & Testing (SMART) Laboratory, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - James Kearney
- Sports Medicine Assessment Research & Testing (SMART) Laboratory, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Daniel Marks
- Sports Medicine Assessment Research & Testing (SMART) Laboratory, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Joel R. Martin
- Sports Medicine Assessment Research & Testing (SMART) Laboratory, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
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Development of a Web-Based Mini-Driving Scene Screening Test (MDSST) for Clinical Practice in Driving Rehabilitation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19063582. [PMID: 35329268 PMCID: PMC8954781 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: For the elderly and disabled, self-driving is very important for social participation. An understanding of changing driving conditions is essential in order to drive safely. This study aimed to develop a web-based Korean Mini-Driving Scene Screening Test (MDSST) and to verify its reliability and validity for clinical application. (2) Methods: We developed a web-based MDSST, and its content validity was verified by an expert group. The tests were conducted with 102 elderly drivers to verify the internal consistency and reliability of items, and the validity of convergence with the existing Korean-Safe Driving Behavior Measure (K-SDBM) and the Korean-Adelaide Driving Self-Efficacy Scale (K-ADSES) driving tests was also verified. The test–retest reliability was verified using 54 individuals who participated in the initial test. (3) Results: The average content validity index of MDSST was 0.90, and the average internal consistency of all items was 0.822, indicating high content validity and internal consistency. The exploratory factor analysis for construct validity, the KOM value of the data, was 0.658, and Bartlett’s sphericity test also showed a strongly significant result. The four factors were road traffic and signal perception, situation understanding, risk factor recognition, and situation prediction. The explanatory power was reliable at 61.27%. For the convergence validation, MDSST and K-SDBM showed r = 0.435 and K-ADSES showed r = 0.346, showing a moderate correlation. In the evaluation–reevaluation reliability verification, the reliability increased to r = 0.952. (4) Conclusions: The web-based MDSST test developed in this study is a useful tool for detecting and understanding real-world driving situations faced by elderly drivers. It is hoped that the MDSST test can be applied more widely as a driving ability test that can be used in the clinical field of driving rehabilitation.
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King EC, Weiss BM, Boscart VM, Dutta T, Callaghan JP, Fernie GR. Bathing frail seniors at home: Home care providers' approaches. Work 2020; 66:499-517. [PMID: 32651350 DOI: 10.3233/wor-203213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Home care providers assisting with seniors' personal care often experience high rates of musculoskeletal disorders, particularly affecting the lower back. Assisting with bathing is consistently identified as one of their most physically demanding activities. OBJECTIVE To identify and describe care providers' procedures for assisting a frail senior to bathe that are likely to contribute most to the development of back injuries. METHODS Eight community-based personal support workers (home care aides) assisted a frail senior (actor) to bathe in a simulated home bathroom. Video recordings of the activity were coded according to providers' postures and to characterize techniques for providing care. RESULTS Exposure to severe trunk flexion and high posture-induced back loads was greatest during transfers in and out of the bathtub. In particular, lifting the legs over the rim of the tub, assisting the client to shift across the bath transfer bench, and providing care to the legs and feet involved the care provider spending substantial time in highly flexed postures. No observed techniques for these activities showed substantially lower exposures. CONCLUSIONS Further tools and/or techniques must be identified or developed to improve caregiver safety during these strenuous activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C King
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Brett M Weiss
- KITE, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute-University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Veronique M Boscart
- KITE, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute-University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Conestoga College, Kitchener, ON, Canada
| | - Tilak Dutta
- KITE, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute-University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jack P Callaghan
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Geoff R Fernie
- KITE, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute-University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Quantification of upper limb electromyographic measures and dysfunction of breast cancer survivors during performance of functional dynamic tasks. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2018; 52:7-13. [PMID: 29306754 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Upper limb morbidities within the breast cancer population can interfere with completing daily life activities. Current knowledge of upper limb capabilities is limited; previous increases in muscle activation on the affected cancer side suggest this population works at a higher fraction of their capability. The purposes of this study were to describe upper limb capabilities and dysfunction of breast cancer survivors through muscle activation monitoring via surface electromyography and muscle-specific strength tests during functional tasks. METHODS Fifty survivors performed 88 dynamic tasks (divided into range of motion-reach or rotate, activities of daily life and work tasks). Muscle activation was examined for functional and strength testing tasks. FINDINGS Total muscle effort (summation of integrated electromyography across measured muscles) was up to 5.1% greater on the affected side during work tasks (p=0.0258). Increased activations existed in posterior deltoid, supraspinatus, upper trapezius and serratus anterior (p<0.05) for several tasks, including daily living tasks. Reduced activation occurred in affected pectoralis major sternal during all tasks (p<0.0001-0.0032), and affected infraspinatus in all but daily living tasks (p=0.0002-0.0328). The affected side infraspinatus, supraspinatus and upper trapezius muscles demonstrated significant reductions in targeted strength testing (p=0.0001-0.0057). INTERPRETATION Both primary and secondary muscles (outside surgery and radiation fields) were affected. In general, this population works at higher levels of muscle effort for the affected side yet demonstrates weakness in strength testing, which may reflect tissue damage. Strengthening exercises for the posterior rotator cuff and upper trapezius may be the most beneficial.
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King EC, Boscart VM, Weiss BM, Dutta T, Callaghan JP, Fernie GR. Assisting Frail Seniors With Toileting in a Home Bathroom: Approaches Used by Home Care Providers. J Appl Gerontol 2017; 38:717-749. [DOI: 10.1177/0733464817702477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Home care providers experience high occupational injury rates. Improving safety is becoming increasingly urgent as this sector expands to support the aging population. Caregivers identify assisting with toileting as a particularly frequent and difficult activity. This mixed-methods observational study identified and analyzed the toileting subactivities that place care providers at the greatest risk of musculoskeletal injury. Eight personal support workers (home care aides) assisted a frail older adult (actor) in a simulated home bathroom. Overall technique and body postures were analyzed. Exposure to musculoskeletal injury risk factors (low back loads and time in extreme trunk postures) was greatest when removing/replacing clothing and providing posterior perineal care; high loads were also possible during transfers. Exposures can be reduced by lowering the pants only to knee level or squatting to raise them. A bidet seat or attachment can perform perineal cleaning, which accounted for 32% of time in severe trunk flexion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C. King
- Toronto Rehabilitation Institute—University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Veronique M. Boscart
- Conestoga College Institute of Technology & Advanced Learning, Kitchener, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brett M. Weiss
- Toronto Rehabilitation Institute—University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tilak Dutta
- Toronto Rehabilitation Institute—University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Geoff R. Fernie
- Toronto Rehabilitation Institute—University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Rashedi E, Nussbaum MA. Cycle time influences the development of muscle fatigue at low to moderate levels of intermittent muscle contraction. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2016; 28:37-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Delloiacono N. Musculoskeletal safety for older adults in the workplace: review of current best practice evidence. Workplace Health Saf 2015; 63:48-53. [PMID: 25881655 DOI: 10.1177/2165079915570299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Age-associated physical musculoskeletal alterations increase elder adults' (age 55 and older) risk for injury. Research has demonstrated that on-the-job injuries result in increased absenteeism, and fatalities are more common for the elder adult population. Older adults aged above 65 years comprise the fastest-growing segment of the U.S. population, growing from 40.2 million in 2010 to 88.5 million projected by 2050; this population shift will generate challenges for occupational health nurses providing care for older workers. A paucity of evidence-based "best practices" exists in which occupational health nurses can assess the physical status of older workers, evaluate their risk for age-related musculoskeletal injuries, and educate these workers on injury prevention. This article provides a critical synthesis of research on age-related physical and cognitive changes and their impact on safety, providing "best practice" evidence for occupational health nurses to examine and apply.
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Chopp-Hurley JN, O'Neill JM, McDonald AC, Maciukiewicz JM, Dickerson CR. Fatigue-induced glenohumeral and scapulothoracic kinematic variability: Implications for subacromial space reduction. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2015; 29:55-63. [PMID: 26320811 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Superior humeral head translation and scapula reorientation can reduce the subacromial space. While these kinematic abnormalities exist in injured populations, the effect of muscle fatigue is unclear. Additionally, these mechanisms were typically studied independently, thereby neglecting potential covariance. This research evaluated the influence of upper extremity muscle fatigue on glenohumeral and scapulothoracic kinematics and defined their relationship. Radiography and motion tracking systems captured these kinematic relationships, during scapula plane elevation, both before and after fatigue. Fatigue-induced changes in humeral head position, scapular orientation and the minimum subacromial space width were measured. High inter-subject variability existed for each measure which precluded identification of mean differences at the population level. However, significant scapular upward rotation occurred following fatigue (p=0.0002). Despite similar population mean results, between 39% and 57% of participants exhibited fatigue-related changes in disadvantageous orientations. Additionally, correlations between measures were generally fair (0.21-0.40) and highly dependent on elevation, likely attributed to the variable fatigue responses. Overall, the data confirms that fatigue-induced changes in kinematics poses highly variable risk of subacromial impingement syndrome across individuals. Thus, solely considering the "average" or mean population response likely underestimates potentially injurious fatigue consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John M O'Neill
- St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, CA L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Alison C McDonald
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, CA L8S 4L8, Canada
| | | | - Clark R Dickerson
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, CA N2L 3G1, Canada.
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The influence of cycle time on shoulder fatigue responses for a fixed total overhead workload. J Biomech 2015; 48:2911-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2015.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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10
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Current synopsis of assessment and management of shoulder disorders. PHYSICAL THERAPY REVIEWS 2011. [DOI: 10.1179/174328811x13106044931409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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