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Sazonova EN, Lebed'ko OA, Pinaeva OG, Tsimbalist NA, Kupriyanova DA, Tarasov PK, Malofey YB. Role of Amino Acid Arginine and Nitric Oxide in Mechanisms of Cytoprotective Effect of Non-Opiate Leu-Enkephalin Analogue In Vitro. Bull Exp Biol Med 2021; 172:270-275. [PMID: 34855076 PMCID: PMC8636574 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-021-05374-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Incubation of primary culture of pulmonary fibroblasts with non-opiate analogue of leuenkephalin (NALE; Phe-D-Ala-Gly-Phe-Leu-Arg, 0.1 μM) reduced generation of superoxide anion-radical (by 20.7%) and decreased the number of p53+ cells (by 40.2%) induced by exposure to H2O2 (60 μM). The cytoprotective effect of NALE was potentiated by NO synthase inhibitor L-NAME (1 mM): the number of p53+ cells decreased by 65.3% and morphometric parameters of the cell nuclei and nucleoli were improved. Incubation of pulmonary fibroblasts culture with peptide G (Phe-D-Ala-Gly-Phe-Leu-Gly, 0.1 μM) also significantly reduced the damaging effect of H2O2: the number of p53+ cells decreased by 73.5%, the area of cell nuclei returned to normal, and generation of superoxide anion-radical decreased by 18.4%. These results indicate that C-terminal amino acid Arg and activation of NO synthase are not involved in the direct cytoprotective effect of NALE.
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Affiliation(s)
- E N Sazonova
- Far Eastern State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Khabarovsk, Russia. .,Khabarovsk Branch of the Far Eastern Research Center for Physiology and Pathology of Respiration - Research Institute for the Protection of Motherhood and Childhood, Khabarovsk, Russia.
| | - O A Lebed'ko
- Far Eastern State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Khabarovsk, Russia.,Khabarovsk Branch of the Far Eastern Research Center for Physiology and Pathology of Respiration - Research Institute for the Protection of Motherhood and Childhood, Khabarovsk, Russia
| | - O G Pinaeva
- Far Eastern State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Khabarovsk, Russia
| | - N A Tsimbalist
- Far Eastern State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Khabarovsk, Russia
| | - D A Kupriyanova
- Far Eastern State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Khabarovsk, Russia
| | - P K Tarasov
- Far Eastern State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Khabarovsk, Russia
| | - Yu B Malofey
- Far Eastern State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Khabarovsk, Russia
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2
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Manzano A, Villacampa A, Sáez-Vásquez J, Kiss JZ, Medina FJ, Herranz R. The Importance of Earth Reference Controls in Spaceflight -Omics Research: Characterization of Nucleolin Mutants from the Seedling Growth Experiments. iScience 2020; 23:101686. [PMID: 33163940 PMCID: PMC7607443 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding plant adaptive responses to the space environment is a requisite for enabling space farming. Spaceflight produces deleterious effects on plant cells, particularly affecting ribosome biogenesis, a complex stress-sensitive process coordinated with cell division and differentiation, known to be activated by red light. Here, in a series of ground studies, we have used mutants from the two Arabidopsis nucleolin genes (NUC1 and NUC2, nucleolar regulators of ribosome biogenesis) to better understand their role in adaptive response mechanisms to stress on Earth. Thus, we show that nucleolin stress-related gene NUC2 can compensate for the environmental stress provided by darkness in nuc1 plants, whereas nuc2 plants are not able to provide a complete response to red light. These ground control findings, as part of the ESA/NASA Seedling Growth spaceflight experiments, will determine the basis for the identification of genetic backgrounds enabling an adaptive advantage for plants in future space experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aránzazu Manzano
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Villacampa
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Sáez-Vásquez
- CNRS, Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes (LGDP), UMR 5096, 66860 Perpignan, France
- Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, LGDP, UMR 5096, 66860 Perpignan, France
| | - John Z. Kiss
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina-Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402, USA
| | - F. Javier Medina
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl Herranz
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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3
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Co-Operation between Aneuploidy and Metabolic Changes in Driving Tumorigenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184611. [PMID: 31540349 PMCID: PMC6770258 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations from the normal set of chromosomes are extremely common as cells progress toward tumourigenesis. Similarly, we expect to see disruption of normal cellular metabolism, particularly in the use of glucose. In this review, we discuss the connections between these two processes: how chromosomal aberrations lead to metabolic disruption, and vice versa. Both processes typically result in the production of elevated levels of reactive oxygen species, so we particularly focus on their role in mediating oncogenic changes.
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4
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Jang J, Oh H, Nam D, Seol W, Seo MK, Park SW, Kim HG, Seo H, Son I, Ho DH. Increase in anti-apoptotic molecules, nucleolin, and heat shock protein 70, against upregulated LRRK2 kinase activity. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2018; 22:273-280. [PMID: 30460108 PMCID: PMC6171436 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2018.1518262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is involved in Parkinson’s disease (PD) pathology. A previous study showed that rotenone treatment induced apoptosis, mitochondrial damage, and nucleolar disruption via up-regulated LRRK2 kinase activity, and these effects were rescued by an LRRK2 kinase inhibitor. Heat-shock protein 70 (Hsp70) is an anti-oxidative stress chaperone, and overexpression of Hsp70 enhanced tolerance to rotenone. Nucleolin (NCL) is a component of the nucleolus; overexpression of NCL reduced cellular vulnerability to rotenone. Thus, we hypothesized that rotenone-induced LRRK2 activity would promote changes in neuronal Hsp70 and NCL expressions. Moreover, LRRK2 G2019S, the most prevalent LRRK2 pathogenic mutant with increased kinase activity, could induce changes in Hsp70 and NCL expression. Rotenone treatment of differentiated SH-SY5Y (dSY5Y) cells increased LRKK2 levels and kinase activity, including phospho-S935-LRRK2, phospho-S1292-LRRK2, and the phospho-moesin/moesin ratio, in a dose-dependent manner. Neuronal toxicity and the elevation of cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, NCL, and Hsp70 were increased by rotenone. To validate the induction of NCL and Hsp70 expression in response to rotenone, cycloheximide (CHX), a protein synthesis blocker, was administered with rotenone. Post-rotenone increased NCL and Hsp70 expression was repressed by CHX; whereas, rotenone-induced kinase activity and apoptotic toxicity remained unchanged. Transient expression of G2019S in dSY5Y increased the NCL and Hsp70 levels, while administration of a kinase inhibitor diminished these changes. Similar results were observed in rat primary neurons after rotenone treatment or G2019S transfection. Brains from G2019S-transgenic mice also showed increased NCL and Hsp70 levels. Accordingly, LRRK2 kinase inhibition might prevent oxidative stress-mediated PD progression. Abbreviations: 6-OHDA: 6-hydroxydopamine; CHX: cycloheximide; dSY5Y: differentiated SH-SY5Y; g2019S tg: g2019S transgenic mouse; GSK/A-KI: GSK2578215A kinase inhibitor; HSP70: heat shock protein 70; LDH: lactose dehydrogenase; LRRK2: leucine rich-repeat kinase 2; MPTP: 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine; myc-GS LRRK2: myc-tagged g2019S LRRK2; NCL: nucleolin; PARP: poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase; PD: Parkinson’s disease; PINK1: PTEN-induced putative kinase 1; pmoesin: phosphorylated moesin at t558; ROS: reactive oxygen species
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihoon Jang
- Department of Molecular and Life Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan-si, Republic of Korea.,InAm Neuroscience Research Center, Sanbon Medical Center, College of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Gunpo-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Hakjin Oh
- InAm Neuroscience Research Center, Sanbon Medical Center, College of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Gunpo-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Daleum Nam
- InAm Neuroscience Research Center, Sanbon Medical Center, College of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Gunpo-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Wongi Seol
- InAm Neuroscience Research Center, Sanbon Medical Center, College of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Gunpo-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Kyoung Seo
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Woo Park
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Health Science and Technology, Graduate School of Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Gun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyemyung Seo
- Department of Molecular and Life Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Ilhong Son
- InAm Neuroscience Research Center, Sanbon Medical Center, College of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Gunpo-si, Republic of Korea.,Department of Neurology, Sanbon Medical Center, College of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Gunpo-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hwan Ho
- InAm Neuroscience Research Center, Sanbon Medical Center, College of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Gunpo-si, Republic of Korea
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Adamczyk J, Deregowska A, Skoneczny M, Skoneczna A, Kwiatkowska A, Potocki L, Rawska E, Pabian S, Kaplan J, Lewinska A, Wnuk M. Adaptive response to chronic mild ethanol stress involves ROS, sirtuins and changes in chromosome dosage in wine yeasts. Oncotarget 2017; 7:29958-76. [PMID: 27074556 PMCID: PMC5058656 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Industrial yeast strains of economic importance used in winemaking and beer production are genomically diverse and subjected to harsh environmental conditions during fermentation. In the present study, we investigated wine yeast adaptation to chronic mild alcohol stress when cells were cultured for 100 generations in the presence of non-cytotoxic ethanol concentration. Ethanol-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and superoxide signals promoted growth rate during passages that was accompanied by increased expression of sirtuin proteins, Sir1, Sir2 and Sir3, and DNA-binding transcription regulator Rap1. Genome-wide array-CGH analysis revealed that yeast genome was shaped during passages. The gains of chromosomes I, III and VI and significant changes in the gene copy number in nine functional gene categories involved in metabolic processes and stress responses were observed. Ethanol-mediated gains of YRF1 and CUP1 genes were the most accented. Ethanol also induced nucleolus fragmentation that confirms that nucleolus is a stress sensor in yeasts. Taken together, we postulate that wine yeasts of different origin may adapt to mild alcohol stress by shifts in intracellular redox state promoting growth capacity, upregulation of key regulators of longevity, namely sirtuins and changes in the dosage of genes involved in the telomere maintenance and ion detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagoda Adamczyk
- Department of Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Rejtana, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Anna Deregowska
- Department of Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Rejtana, Rzeszow, Poland.,Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Skoneczny
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adrianna Skoneczna
- Laboratory of Mutagenesis and DNA Repair, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Leszek Potocki
- Department of Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Rejtana, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Ewa Rawska
- Department of Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Rejtana, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Sylwia Pabian
- Department of Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Rejtana, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Jakub Kaplan
- Department of Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Rejtana, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Anna Lewinska
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Maciej Wnuk
- Department of Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Rejtana, Rzeszow, Poland
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6
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Montacié C, Durut N, Opsomer A, Palm D, Comella P, Picart C, Carpentier MC, Pontvianne F, Carapito C, Schleiff E, Sáez-Vásquez J. Nucleolar Proteome Analysis and Proteasomal Activity Assays Reveal a Link between Nucleolus and 26S Proteasome in A. thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1815. [PMID: 29104584 PMCID: PMC5655116 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In all eukaryotic cells, the nucleolus is functionally and structurally linked to rRNA synthesis and ribosome biogenesis. This compartment contains as well factors involved in other cellular activities, but the functional interconnection between non-ribosomal activities and the nucleolus (structure and function) still remains an open question. Here, we report a novel mass spectrometry analysis of isolated nucleoli from Arabidopsis thaliana plants using the FANoS (Fluorescence Assisted Nucleolus Sorting) strategy. We identified many ribosome biogenesis factors (RBF) and proteins non-related with ribosome biogenesis, in agreement with the recognized multi-functionality of the nucleolus. Interestingly, we found that 26S proteasome subunits localize in the nucleolus and demonstrated that proteasome activity and nucleolus organization are intimately linked to each other. Proteasome subunits form discrete foci in the disorganized nucleolus of nuc1.2 plants. Nuc1.2 protein extracts display reduced proteasome activity in vitro compared to WT protein extracts. Remarkably, proteasome activity in nuc1.2 is similar to proteasome activity in WT plants treated with proteasome inhibitors (MG132 or ALLN). Finally, we show that MG132 treatment induces disruption of nucleolar structures in WT but not in nuc1.2 plants. Altogether, our data suggest a functional interconnection between nucleolus structure and proteasome activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Montacié
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 5096, Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, University of Perpignan Via Domitia, UMR 5096, Perpignan, France
| | - Nathalie Durut
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 5096, Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, University of Perpignan Via Domitia, UMR 5096, Perpignan, France
| | - Alison Opsomer
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, UMR7178 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Denise Palm
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Cluster of Excellence Macromolecular Complexes, Buchman Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Pascale Comella
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 5096, Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, University of Perpignan Via Domitia, UMR 5096, Perpignan, France
| | - Claire Picart
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 5096, Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, University of Perpignan Via Domitia, UMR 5096, Perpignan, France
| | - Marie-Christine Carpentier
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 5096, Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, University of Perpignan Via Domitia, UMR 5096, Perpignan, France
| | - Frederic Pontvianne
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 5096, Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, University of Perpignan Via Domitia, UMR 5096, Perpignan, France
| | - Christine Carapito
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, UMR7178 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Enrico Schleiff
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Cluster of Excellence Macromolecular Complexes, Buchman Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Julio Sáez-Vásquez
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 5096, Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, University of Perpignan Via Domitia, UMR 5096, Perpignan, France
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Russo A, Saide A, Smaldone S, Faraonio R, Russo G. Role of uL3 in Multidrug Resistance in p53-Mutated Lung Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18030547. [PMID: 28273808 PMCID: PMC5372563 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most common causes of death among adults. Chemotherapy is crucial in determining patient survival and quality of life. However, the development of multidrug resistance (MDR) continues to pose a significant challenge in the management of cancer. In this study, we analyzed the role of human ribosomal protein uL3 (formerly rpL3) in multidrug resistance. Our studies revealed that uL3 is a key determinant of multidrug resistance in p53-mutated lung cancer cells by controlling the cell redox status. We established and characterized a multidrug resistant Calu-6 cell line. We found that uL3 down-regulation correlates positively with multidrug resistance. Restoration of the uL3 protein level re-sensitized the resistant cells to the drug by regulating the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, glutathione content, glutamate release, and cystine uptake. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments and luciferase assays demonstrated that uL3 coordinated the expression of stress-response genes acting as transcriptional repressors of solute carrier family 7 member 11 (xCT) and glutathione S-transferase α1 (GST-α1), independently of Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Altogether our results describe a new function of uL3 as a regulator of oxidative stress response genes and advance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying multidrug resistance in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annapina Russo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Assunta Saide
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Silvia Smaldone
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Raffaella Faraonio
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Giulia Russo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
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Adamczyk J, Deregowska A, Potocki L, Kuna E, Kaplan J, Pabian S, Kwiatkowska A, Lewinska A, Wnuk M. Relationships between rDNA, Nop1 and Sir complex in biotechnologically relevant distillery yeasts. Arch Microbiol 2016; 198:715-23. [PMID: 27329282 PMCID: PMC4969353 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-016-1258-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Distillery yeasts are poorly characterized physiological group among the Saccharomyces sensu stricto complex. As industrial yeasts are under constant environmental stress during fermentation processes and the nucleolus is a stress sensor, in the present study, nucleolus-related parameters were evaluated in 22 commercially available distillery yeast strains. Distillery yeasts were found to be a heterogeneous group with a variable content and length of rDNA and degree of nucleolus fragmentation. The levels of rDNA were negatively correlated with Nop1 (r = -0.59, p = 0.0038). Moreover, the protein levels of Sir transcriptional silencing complex and longevity regulators, namely Sir1, Sir2, Sir3 and Fob1, were studied and negative correlations between Sir2 and Nop1 (r = -0.45, p = 0.0332), and between Sir2 and Fob1 (r = -0.49, p = 0.0211) were revealed. In general, S. paradoxus group of distillery yeasts with higher rDNA pools and Sir2 level than S. bayanus group was found to be more tolerant to fermentation-associated stress stimuli, namely mild cold/heat stresses and KCl treatment. We postulate that rDNA state may be considered as a novel factor that may modulate a biotechnological process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagoda Adamczyk
- Department of Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Rejtana 16C, 35-959, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Anna Deregowska
- Department of Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Rejtana 16C, 35-959, Rzeszow, Poland
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Leszek Potocki
- Department of Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Rejtana 16C, 35-959, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Ewelina Kuna
- Department of Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Rejtana 16C, 35-959, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Jakub Kaplan
- Department of Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Rejtana 16C, 35-959, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Sylwia Pabian
- Department of Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Rejtana 16C, 35-959, Rzeszow, Poland
| | | | - Anna Lewinska
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Rzeszow, Zelwerowicza 4, 35-601, Rzeszow, Poland.
| | - Maciej Wnuk
- Department of Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Rejtana 16C, 35-959, Rzeszow, Poland.
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Adamczyk J, Deregowska A, Skoneczny M, Skoneczna A, Natkanska U, Kwiatkowska A, Rawska E, Potocki L, Kuna E, Panek A, Lewinska A, Wnuk M. Copy number variations of genes involved in stress responses reflect the redox state and DNA damage in brewing yeasts. Cell Stress Chaperones 2016; 21:849-64. [PMID: 27299603 PMCID: PMC5003802 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-016-0710-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The yeast strains of the Saccharomyces sensu stricto complex involved in beer production are a heterogeneous group whose genetic and genomic features are not adequately determined. Thus, the aim of the present study was to provide a genetic characterization of selected group of commercially available brewing yeasts both ale top-fermenting and lager bottom-fermenting strains. Molecular karyotyping revealed that the diversity of chromosome patterns and four strains with the most accented genetic variabilities were selected and subjected to genome-wide array-based comparative genomic hybridization (array-CGH) analysis. The differences in the gene copy number were found in five functional gene categories: (1) maltose metabolism and transport, (2) response to toxin, (3) siderophore transport, (4) cellular aldehyde metabolic process, and (5) L-iditol 2-dehydrogenase activity (p < 0.05). In the Saflager W-34/70 strain (Fermentis) with the most affected array-CGH profile, loss of aryl-alcohol dehydrogenase (AAD) gene dosage correlated with an imbalanced redox state, oxidative DNA damage and breaks, lower levels of nucleolar proteins Nop1 and Fob1, and diminished tolerance to fermentation-associated stress stimuli compared to other strains. We suggest that compromised stress response may not only promote oxidant-based changes in the nucleolus state that may affect fermentation performance but also provide novel directions for future strain improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagoda Adamczyk
- Department of Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Rejtana 16C, 35-959, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Anna Deregowska
- Department of Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Rejtana 16C, 35-959, Rzeszow, Poland
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Skoneczny
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adrianna Skoneczna
- Laboratory of Mutagenesis and DNA Repair, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Urszula Natkanska
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Ewa Rawska
- Department of Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Rejtana 16C, 35-959, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Leszek Potocki
- Department of Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Rejtana 16C, 35-959, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Ewelina Kuna
- Department of Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Rejtana 16C, 35-959, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Anita Panek
- Department of Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Rejtana 16C, 35-959, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Anna Lewinska
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Rzeszow, Zelwerowicza 4, 35-601, Rzeszow, Poland.
| | - Maciej Wnuk
- Department of Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Rejtana 16C, 35-959, Rzeszow, Poland.
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Deregowska A, Adamczyk J, Kwiatkowska A, Gurgul A, Skoneczny M, Skoneczna A, Szmatola T, Jasielczuk I, Magda M, Rawska E, Pabian S, Panek A, Kaplan J, Lewinska A, Wnuk M. Shifts in rDNA levels act as a genome buffer promoting chromosome homeostasis. Cell Cycle 2016; 14:3475-87. [PMID: 26566866 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1093705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleolus is considered to be a stress sensor and rDNA-based regulation of cellular senescence and longevity has been proposed. However, the role of rDNA in the maintenance of genome integrity has not been investigated in detail. Using genomically diverse industrial yeasts as a model and array-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH), we show that chromosome level may be balanced during passages and as a response to alcohol stress that may be associated with changes in rDNA pools. Generation- and ethanol-mediated changes in genes responsible for protein and DNA/RNA metabolism were revealed using next-generation sequencing. Links between redox homeostasis, DNA stability, and telomere and nucleolus states were also established. These results suggest that yeast genome is dynamic and chromosome homeostasis may be controlled by rDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Deregowska
- a Department of Genetics ; University of Rzeszow ; Rzeszow , Poland
| | - Jagoda Adamczyk
- a Department of Genetics ; University of Rzeszow ; Rzeszow , Poland
| | | | - Artur Gurgul
- b Department of Genomics and Molecular Biology of Animals ; Laboratory of Genomics; National Research Institute of Animal Production ; Cracow , Poland
| | - Marek Skoneczny
- c Department of Genetics ; Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics; Polish Academy of Sciences ; Warsaw , Poland
| | - Adrianna Skoneczna
- d Laboratory of Mutagenesis and DNA Repair; Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics; Polish Academy of Sciences ; Warsaw , Poland
| | - Tomasz Szmatola
- b Department of Genomics and Molecular Biology of Animals ; Laboratory of Genomics; National Research Institute of Animal Production ; Cracow , Poland
| | - Igor Jasielczuk
- b Department of Genomics and Molecular Biology of Animals ; Laboratory of Genomics; National Research Institute of Animal Production ; Cracow , Poland
| | - Michal Magda
- a Department of Genetics ; University of Rzeszow ; Rzeszow , Poland
| | - Ewa Rawska
- a Department of Genetics ; University of Rzeszow ; Rzeszow , Poland
| | - Sylwia Pabian
- a Department of Genetics ; University of Rzeszow ; Rzeszow , Poland
| | - Anita Panek
- a Department of Genetics ; University of Rzeszow ; Rzeszow , Poland
| | - Jakub Kaplan
- a Department of Genetics ; University of Rzeszow ; Rzeszow , Poland
| | - Anna Lewinska
- e Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology ; University of Rzeszow; Rzeszow , Poland
| | - Maciej Wnuk
- a Department of Genetics ; University of Rzeszow ; Rzeszow , Poland
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11
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Jin C, Kim SK, Willis SD, Cooper KF. The MAPKKKs Ste11 and Bck1 jointly transduce the high oxidative stress signal through the cell wall integrity MAP kinase pathway. MICROBIAL CELL 2015; 2:329-342. [PMID: 27135035 PMCID: PMC4850913 DOI: 10.15698/mic2015.09.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress stimulates the Rho1 GTPase, which in turn induces the cell wall integrity (CWI) MAP kinase cascade. CWI activation promotes stress-responsive gene expression through activation of transcription factors (Rlm1, SBF) and nuclear release and subsequent destruction of the repressor cyclin C. This study reports that, in response to high hydrogen peroxide exposure, or in the presence of constitutively active Rho1, cyclin C still translocates to the cytoplasm and is degraded in cells lacking Bck1, the MAPKKK of the CWI pathway. However, in mutants defective for both Bck1 and Ste11, the MAPKKK from the high osmolarity, pseudohyphal and mating MAPK pathways, cyclin C nuclear to cytoplasmic relocalization and destruction is prevented. Further analysis revealed that cyclin C goes from a diffuse nuclear signal to a terminal nucleolar localization in this double mutant. Live cell imaging confirmed that cyclin C transiently passes through the nucleolus prior to cytoplasmic entry in wild-type cells. Taken together with previous studies, these results indicate that under low levels of oxidative stress, Bck1 activation is sufficient to induce cyclin C translocation and degradation. However, higher stress conditions also stimulate Ste11, which reinforces the stress signal to cyclin C and other transcription factors. This model would provide a mechanism by which different stress levels can be sensed and interpreted by the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Jin
- Department of Molecular Biology, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, 08055 USA
| | - Stephen K Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, 08055 USA
| | - Stephen D Willis
- Department of Molecular Biology, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, 08055 USA
| | - Katrina F Cooper
- Department of Molecular Biology, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, 08055 USA
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12
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Wu RTY, Cao L, Chen BPC, Cheng WH. Selenoprotein H suppresses cellular senescence through genome maintenance and redox regulation. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:34378-88. [PMID: 25336634 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.611970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and persistent DNA damage response contribute to cellular senescence, a degeneration process critically involving ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) and p53. Selenoprotein H (SelH), a nuclear selenoprotein, is proposed to carry redox and transactivation domains. To determine the role of SelH in genome maintenance, shRNA knockdown was employed in human normal and immortalized cell lines. SelH shRNA MRC-5 diploid fibroblasts under ambient O2 displayed a distinct profile of senescence including β-galactosidase expression, autofluorescence, growth inhibition, and ATM pathway activation. Such senescence phenotypes were alleviated in the presence of ATM kinase inhibitors, by p53 shRNA knockdown, or by maintaining the cells under 3% O2. During the course of 5-day recovery, the induction of phospho-ATM on Ser-1981 and γH2AX by H2O2 treatment (20 μm) subsided in scrambled shRNA but exacerbated in SelH shRNA MRC-5 cells. Results from clonogenic assays demonstrated hypersensitivity of SelH shRNA HeLa cells to paraquat and H2O2, but not to hydroxyurea, neocarzinostatin, or camptothecin. While SelH mRNA expression was induced by H2O2 treatment, SelH-GFP did not mobilize to sites of oxidative DNA damage. The glutathione level was lower in SelH shRNA than scrambled shRNA HeLa cells, and the H2O2-induced cell death was rescued in the presence of N-acetylcysteine, a glutathione precursor. Altogether, SelH protects against cellular senescence to oxidative stress through a genome maintenance pathway involving ATM and p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan T Y Wu
- From the Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, and
| | - Benjamin P C Chen
- Division of Molecular Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, University of Texas, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Wen-Hsing Cheng
- From the Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, and
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13
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Qin R, Zhang H, Li S, Jiang W, Liu D. Three major nucleolar proteins migrate from nucleolus to nucleoplasm and cytoplasm in root tip cells of Vicia faba L. exposed to aluminum. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:10736-43. [PMID: 24870286 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3057-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Results from our previous investigation indicated that Al could affect the nucleolus and induce extrusion of silver-staining nucleolar particles containing argyrophilic proteins from the nucleolus into the cytoplasm in root tip cells of Vicia faba L. So far, the nucleolar proteins involved have not been identified. It is well known that nucleophosmin (B23), nucleolin (C23), and fibrillarin are three major and multifunctional nucleolar proteins. Therefore, effects of Al on B23, C23, and fibrillarin in root tip cells of V. faba exposed to 100 μM Al for 48 h were observed and analyzed using indirect immunofluorescence microscopy and Western blotting. The results from this work demonstrated that after 100 μM of Al treatment for 48 h, B23 and C23 migrated from the nucleolus to the cytoplasm and fibrillarin from the nucleolus to the nucleoplasm. In some cells, fibrillarin was present only in the cytoplasm. Western blotting data revealed higher expression of the three major nucleolar proteins in Al-treated roots compared with the control and that the B23 content increased markedly. These findings confirmed our previous observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Qin
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, 510631, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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14
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Antoniali G, Lirussi L, Poletto M, Tell G. Emerging roles of the nucleolus in regulating the DNA damage response: the noncanonical DNA repair enzyme APE1/Ref-1 as a paradigmatical example. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:621-39. [PMID: 23879289 PMCID: PMC3901381 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE An emerging concept in DNA repair mechanisms is the evidence that some key enzymes, besides their role in the maintenance of genome stability, display also unexpected noncanonical functions associated with RNA metabolism in specific subcellular districts (e.g., nucleoli). During the evolution of these key enzymes, the acquisition of unfolded domains significantly amplified the possibility to interact with different partners and substrates, possibly explaining their phylogenetic gain of functions. RECENT ADVANCES After nucleolar stress or DNA damage, many DNA repair proteins can freely relocalize from nucleoli to the nucleoplasm. This process may represent a surveillance mechanism to monitor the synthesis and correct assembly of ribosomal units affecting cell cycle progression or inducing p53-mediated apoptosis or senescence. CRITICAL ISSUES A paradigm for this kind of regulation is represented by some enzymes of the DNA base excision repair (BER) pathway, such as apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1). In this review, the role of the nucleolus and the noncanonical functions of the APE1 protein are discussed in light of their possible implications in human pathologies. FUTURE DIRECTIONS A productive cross-talk between DNA repair enzymes and proteins involved in RNA metabolism seems reasonable as the nucleolus is emerging as a dynamic functional hub that coordinates cell growth arrest and DNA repair mechanisms. These findings will drive further analyses on other BER proteins and might imply that nucleic acid processing enzymes are more versatile than originally thought having evolved DNA-targeted functions after a previous life in the early RNA world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Antoniali
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine , Udine, Italy
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15
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Cámara MDLM, Bouvier LA, Canepa GE, Miranda MR, Pereira CA. Molecular and functional characterization of a Trypanosoma cruzi nuclear adenylate kinase isoform. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2013; 7:e2044. [PMID: 23409202 PMCID: PMC3567042 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas' disease, is an early divergent eukaryote in which control of gene expression relies mainly in post-transcriptional mechanisms. Transcription levels are globally up and down regulated during the transition between proliferating and non-proliferating life-cycle stages. In this work we characterized a nuclear adenylate kinase isoform (TcADKn) that is involved in ribosome biogenesis. Nuclear adenylate kinases have been recently described in a few organisms, being all related to RNA metabolism. Depending on active transcription and translation, TcADKn localizes in the nucleolus or the cytoplasm. A non-canonical nuclear localization signal was mapped towards the N-terminal of the protein, being the phosphate-binding loop essential for its localization. In addition, TcADKn nuclear exportation depends on the nuclear exportation adapter CRM1. TcADKn nuclear shuttling is governed by nutrient availability, oxidative stress and by the equivalent in T. cruzi of the mammalian TOR (Target of Rapamycin) pathway. One of the biological functions of TcADKn is ribosomal 18S RNA processing by direct interaction with ribosomal protein TcRps14. Finally, TcADKn expression is regulated by its 3′ UTR mRNA. Depending on extracellular conditions, cells modulate protein translation rates regulating ribosome biogenesis and nuclear adenylate kinases are probably key components in these processes. Infection with Trypanosoma cruzi produces a condition known as Chagas disease which affects at least 17 million people. Adenylate kinases, so called myokinases, are involved in a wide variety of processes, mainly related to their role in nucleotide interconversion and energy management. Recently, nuclear isoforms have been described in several organisms. This “atypical” isoform in terms of primary structure was associated to ribosomes biogenesis in yeast and to Cajal body organization in humans. Moreover nuclear adenylate kinases are essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis. In this manuscript we characterized T. cruzi nuclear adenylate kinase (TcADKn). TcADKn localizes in the nucleolus or cell cytoplasm. Nuclear shuttling mechanisms were also studied for the first time, being dependent on nutrient availability, oxidative stress and by the equivalent of the mammalian TOR pathway in T. cruzi. Furthermore we characterized the signals involved in nuclear importation and exportation processes. In addition, TcADKn expression levels are regulated at an mRNA level, being its 3′UTR involved in this process. These findings are the first steps in the understanding of ribosome processing in trypanosomatids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Claudio A. Pereira
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular de Trypanosoma cruzi (LBMTC), Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas “Alfredo Lanari”, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail:
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16
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Narayanan A, Popova T, Turell M, Kidd J, Chertow J, Popov SG, Bailey C, Kashanchi F, Kehn-Hall K. Alteration in superoxide dismutase 1 causes oxidative stress and p38 MAPK activation following RVFV infection. PLoS One 2011; 6:e20354. [PMID: 21655261 PMCID: PMC3105056 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2011] [Accepted: 04/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a zoonotic disease caused by Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV). RVFV is a category A pathogen that belongs to the genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. Understanding early host events to an infectious exposure to RVFV will be of significant use in the development of effective therapeutics that not only control pathogen multiplication, but also contribute to cell survival. In this study, we have carried out infections of human cells with a vaccine strain (MP12) and virulent strain (ZH501) of RVFV and determined host responses to viral infection. We demonstrate that the cellular antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) displays altered abundances at early time points following exposure to the virus. We show that the enzyme is down regulated in cases of both a virulent (ZH501) and a vaccine strain (MP12) exposure. Our data demonstrates that the down regulation of SOD1 is likely to be due to post transcriptional processes and may be related to up regulation of TNFα following infection. We also provide evidence for extensive oxidative stress in the MP12 infected cells. Concomitantly, there is an increase in the activation of the p38 MAPK stress response, which our earlier published study demonstrated to be an essential cell survival strategy. Our data suggests that the viral anti-apoptotic protein NSm may play a role in the regulation of the cellular p38 MAPK response. Alterations in the host protein SOD1 following RVFV infection appears to be an early event that occurs in multiple cell types. Activation of the cellular stress response p38 MAPK pathway can be observed in all cell types tested. Our data implies that maintaining oxidative homeostasis in the infected cells may play an important role in improving survival of infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarthi Narayanan
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Taissia Popova
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Michael Turell
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jessica Kidd
- The Neurological Institute, MDA/ALS Research Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jessica Chertow
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Serguei G. Popov
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Charles Bailey
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Fatah Kashanchi
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Kylene Kehn-Hall
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, United States of America
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17
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Murray DB, Haynes K, Tomita M. Redox regulation in respiring Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2011; 1810:945-58. [PMID: 21549177 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2011.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Revised: 03/16/2011] [Accepted: 04/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In biological systems, redox reactions are central to most cellular processes and the redox potential of the intracellular compartment dictates whether a particular reaction can or cannot occur. Indeed the widespread use of redox reactions in biological systems makes their detailed description outside the scope of one review. SCOPE OF THE REVIEW Here we will focus on how system-wide redox changes can alter the reaction and transcriptional landscape of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. To understand this we explore the major determinants of cellular redox potential, how these are sensed by the cell and the dynamic responses elicited. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Redox regulation is a large and complex system that has the potential to rapidly and globally alter both the reaction and transcription landscapes. Although we have a basic understanding of many of the sub-systems and a partial understanding of the transcriptional control, we are far from understanding how these systems integrate to produce coherent responses. We argue that this non-linear system self-organises, and that the output in many cases is temperature-compensated oscillations that may temporally partition incompatible reactions in vivo. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Redox biochemistry impinges on most of cellular processes and has been shown to underpin ageing and many human diseases. Integrating the complexity of redox signalling and regulation is perhaps one of the most challenging areas of biology. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Systems Biology of Microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas B Murray
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Japan.
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