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Gaspar AR, Andrade B, Mosca S, Ferreira-Duarte M, Teixeira A, Cosme D, Albino-Teixeira A, Ronchi FA, Leite AP, Casarini DE, Areias JC, Sousa T, Afonso AC, Morato M, Correia-Costa L. Association between blood pressure and angiotensin-converting enzymes activity in prepubertal children ∗. J Hypertens 2023; 41:545-553. [PMID: 36723456 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Angiotensin-converting enzymes' (ACEs) relationship with blood pressure (BP) during childhood has not been clearly established. We aimed to compare ACE and ACE2 activities between BMI groups in a sample of prepubertal children, and to characterize the association between these enzymes' activities and BP. METHODS Cross-sectional study of 313 children aged 8-9 years old, included in the birth cohort Generation XXI (Portugal). Anthropometric measurements and 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring were performed. ACE and ACE2 activities were quantified by fluorometric methods. RESULTS Overweight/obese children demonstrated significantly higher ACE and ACE2 activities, when compared to their normal weight counterparts [median (P25-P75), ACE: 39.48 (30.52-48.97) vs. 42.90 (35.62-47.18) vs. 43.38 (33.49-49.89) mU/ml, P for trend = 0.009; ACE2: 10.41 (7.58-15.47) vs. 21.56 (13.34-29.09) vs. 29.00 (22.91-34.32) pM/min per ml, P for trend < 0.001, in normal weight, overweight and obese children, respectively]. In girls, night-time systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) increased across tertiles of ACE activity ( P < 0.001 and P = 0.002, respectively). ACE2 activity was associated with higher night-time SBP and DBP in overweight/obese girls ( P = 0.037 and P = 0.048, respectively) and night-time DBP in the BMI z-score girl adjusted model ( P = 0.018). Median ACE2 levels were significantly higher among nondipper girls (16.7 vs. 11.6 pM/min per ml, P = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS Our work shows that obesity is associated with activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, with significant increase of ACE and ACE2 activities already in childhood. Also, we report sex differences in the association of ACE and ACE2 activities with BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R Gaspar
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto
| | - Beatriz Andrade
- Unidade de Saúde Familiar (USF) Nuno Grande, Agrupamento de Centros de Saúde (ACeS) Douro I - Marão e Douro Norte, Vila Real
| | - Sara Mosca
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto
- Department of Pediatrics, Centro Materno-Infantil do Norte, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto
| | - Mariana Ferreira-Duarte
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences
- LAQV@REQUIMTE, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto
| | - Ana Teixeira
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Centro Materno-Infantil do Norte, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto
| | - Dina Cosme
- Department of Biomedicine - Unit of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto
- MedInUP - Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines, Universidade do Porto, Porto
| | - António Albino-Teixeira
- Department of Biomedicine - Unit of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto
- MedInUP - Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines, Universidade do Porto, Porto
| | - Fernanda A Ronchi
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana P Leite
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dulce E Casarini
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José C Areias
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Teresa Sousa
- Department of Biomedicine - Unit of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto
- MedInUP - Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines, Universidade do Porto, Porto
| | - Alberto C Afonso
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Centro Materno-Infantil do Norte, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto
| | - Manuela Morato
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences
- LAQV@REQUIMTE, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto
| | - Liane Correia-Costa
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Centro Materno-Infantil do Norte, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto
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Zhang X, Wang Y, Zheng Y, Yuan J, Tong J, Xu J, Li Q, Li P, Jiang S, Wang Z, Chai F, Li X. Effect of ACE, ACE2 and CYP11B2 gene polymorphisms and noise on essential hypertension among steelworkers in China: a case-control study. BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:22. [PMID: 35130889 PMCID: PMC8822663 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01177-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies on the relationship between ACE I/D, ACE2 G8790A and CYP11B2-344T/C gene polymorphisms and essential hypertension (EH) were inconsistent. Moreover, few studies have reported the combined effect of these gene polymorphisms and noise exposure on EH. The purpose of this study was to explore the combined and separate effects of ACE I/D, ACE2 G8790A and CYP11B2-344T/C gene polymorphisms and noise on EH among steelworkers.
Methods A case–control study was conducted on 725 male workers between March 2014 and July 2014 in the Tangsteel Company, China. The noise exposure of the workers were measured. Logistic regression and crossover analysis were used to analyse the effects of the interactions on the EH among steelworkers. GMDR was used to determine the best combination model of gene–noise interactions. Results Multivariate logistic regression showed that noise exposure increased the odds of EH, and the OR is 1.52 (95% CI 1.04–2.22). The risk of having EH for ACE I/D DD genotype carriers was 1.99 times that for II genotype carriers (95% CI 1.14–3.51). There was a negative additive interaction between ACE2 G8790A and CYP11B2-344T/C on EH (U3 = − 2.221, P = 0.026, and S = 0.128) and a positive multiplicative interaction between ACE I/D and CYP11B2-344T/C on essential hypertension (P = 0.041). In addition, there was no significant gene–noise interaction model through the GMDR method after adjusting the confounders. Conclusions The ACE DD genotype may make men susceptible to EH. Simultaneously carrying the DD genotype of ACE I/D and the TC genotype of CYP11B2-344T/C increased the risk of EH. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12920-022-01177-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Zhang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, No. 21 Bohai Avenue, Caofeidian Area, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Zheng
- Department of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Juxiang Yuan
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, No. 21 Bohai Avenue, Caofeidian Area, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Junwang Tong
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, No. 21 Bohai Avenue, Caofeidian Area, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jingya Xu
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, No. 21 Bohai Avenue, Caofeidian Area, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinglin Li
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, No. 21 Bohai Avenue, Caofeidian Area, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Peishuai Li
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, No. 21 Bohai Avenue, Caofeidian Area, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shoufang Jiang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, No. 21 Bohai Avenue, Caofeidian Area, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoyang Wang
- Tangshan Hongci Hospital, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Chai
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, No. 21 Bohai Avenue, Caofeidian Area, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangwen Li
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, No. 21 Bohai Avenue, Caofeidian Area, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
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Mabhida SE, Mashatola L, Kaur M, Sharma JR, Apalata T, Muhamed B, Benjeddou M, Johnson R. Hypertension in African Populations: Review and Computational Insights. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12040532. [PMID: 33917487 PMCID: PMC8067483 DOI: 10.3390/genes12040532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension (HTN) is a persistent public health problem affecting approximately 1.3 billion individuals globally. Treatment-resistant hypertension (TRH) is defined as high blood pressure (BP) in a hypertensive patient that remains above goal despite use of ≥3 antihypertensive agents of different classes including a diuretic. Despite a plethora of treatment options available, only 31.0% of individuals have their HTN controlled. Interindividual genetic variability to drug response might explain this disappointing outcome because of genetic polymorphisms. Additionally, the poor knowledge of pathophysiological mechanisms underlying hypertensive disease and the long-term interaction of antihypertensive drugs with blood pressure control mechanisms further aggravates the problem. Furthermore, in Africa, there is a paucity of pharmacogenomic data on the treatment of resistant hypertension. Therefore, identification of genetic signals having the potential to predict the response of a drug for a given individual in an African population has been the subject of intensive investigation. In this review, we aim to systematically extract and discuss African evidence on the genetic variation, and pharmacogenomics towards the treatment of HTN. Furthermore, in silico methods are utilized to elucidate biological processes that will aid in identifying novel drug targets for the treatment of resistant hypertension in an African population. To provide an expanded view of genetic variants associated with the development of HTN, this study was performed using publicly available databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, African Journal Online, PharmGKB searching for relevant papers between 1984 and 2020. A total of 2784 articles were reviewed, and only 42 studies were included following the inclusion criteria. Twenty studies reported associations with HTN and genes such as AGT (rs699), ACE (rs1799752), NOS3 (rs1799983), MTHFR (rs1801133), AGTR1 (rs5186), while twenty-two studies did not show any association within the African population. Thereafter, an in silico predictive approach was utilized to identify several genes including CLCNKB, CYPB11B2, SH2B2, STK9, and TBX5 which may act as potential drug targets because they are involved in pathways known to influence blood pressure. Next, co-expressed genes were identified as they are controlled by the same transcriptional regulatory program and may potentially be more effective as multiple drug targets in the treatment regimens for HTN. Genes belonging to the co-expressed gene cluster, ACE, AGT, AGTR1, AGTR2, and NOS3 as well as CSK and ADRG1 showed enrichment of G-protein-coupled receptor activity, the classical targets of drug discovery, which mediate cellular signaling processes. The latter is of importance, as the targeting of co-regulatory gene clusters will allow for the development of more effective HTN drug targets that could decrease the prevalence of both controlled and TRH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihle E. Mabhida
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; (S.E.M.); (J.R.S.)
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa;
| | - Lebohang Mashatola
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa; (L.M.); (M.K.)
| | - Mandeep Kaur
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa; (L.M.); (M.K.)
| | - Jyoti R. Sharma
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; (S.E.M.); (J.R.S.)
| | - Teke Apalata
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory-Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University and National Health Laboratory Services, Mthatha 5100, South Africa;
| | - Babu Muhamed
- Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7535, South Africa;
- Children’s National Health System, Division of Cardiology, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Mongi Benjeddou
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa;
| | - Rabia Johnson
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; (S.E.M.); (J.R.S.)
- Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-21-938-0866
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Münzel T, Steven S, Frenis K, Lelieveld J, Hahad O, Daiber A. Environmental Factors Such as Noise and Air Pollution and Vascular Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 33:581-601. [PMID: 32245334 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Significance: According to the World Health Organization, noncommunicable diseases are the globally leading cause of mortality. Recent Advances: About 71% of 56 million deaths that occurred worldwide are due to noncommunicable cardiovascular risk factors, including tobacco smoking, unhealthy diets, lack of physical activity, overweight, arterial hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia, which can be either avoided or substantially reduced. Critical Issues: Thus, it is estimated that 80% of premature heart disease, stroke, and diabetes can be prevented. More recent evidence indicates that environmental stressors such as noise and air pollution contribute significantly to the global burden of cardiovascular disease. In the present review, we focus primarily on important environmental stressors such as transportation noise and air pollution. We discuss the pathophysiology of vascular damage caused by these environmental stressors, with emphasis on early subclinical damage of the vasculature such as endothelial dysfunction and the role of oxidative stress. Future Directions: Lower legal thresholds and mitigation measures should be implemented and may help to prevent vascular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Münzel
- Center of Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Steven
- Center of Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katie Frenis
- Center of Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Omar Hahad
- Center of Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Center of Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Berlin, Germany
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Chen C, Yang M, Dou LP, Ling DM, Huang S. Association of the interaction between the rs9619311 and rs402007 polymorphisms and smoking with essential hypertension in Chinese Han population. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e20552. [PMID: 32502021 PMCID: PMC7306288 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000020552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess the association of the interaction between the rs9619311 and rs402007 polymorphisms and smoking with essential hypertension (EH) in a Chinese Han population. METHOD Peripheral blood samples were extracted from 422 EH patients and 280 normotensive (NT) patients in a Chinese Han population. A whole blood genomic DNA extraction kit was used to extract genomic DNA from the blood samples. Polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism was used to detect the rs402007 polymorphism of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type motifs 1 gene and the rs9619311 polymorphism of the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 gene. The distributions of the genotypes and alleles between the 2 study groups (EH and NT) were compared. The main risk factors for EH were determined by using logistic regression analysis. The effects of gene-gene and gene-smoking interactions on EH were analyzed using multifactor dimensional reduction. RESULTS The frequencies of the rs402007 GC + CC genotype and the C allele were significantly different between the EH and NT groups (0.68 vs 0.57, χ = 8.99, P = .003, odds ratio [OR] = 1.19; 0.45 vs 0.32, χ = 22.16, P < .001, OR = 1.38). The frequencies of the rs9619311 TC + CC genotype and the C allele were also significantly different between the 2 groups (0.33 vs 0.25, χ = 4.51, P = .04, OR = 1.44; 0.18 vs 0.13, χ = 7.03, P = .01, OR = 1.50). Logistic regression analysis suggests that the rs402007 and rs9619311 polymorphisms are independent risk factors for EH (OR = 2.37, 1.86; P < .001, respectively). The multifactor dimensionality redundant analysis results showed that the interaction among rs402007, rs9619311, and smoking was statistically significant (P = .001). CONCLUSIONS A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type motifs 1 rs402007 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 rs9619311 polymorphisms are associated with EH in a Chinese Han population, and there was a positive interaction among rs402007, rs9619311, and smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University
| | - Ming Yang
- Zhe Jiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li-Ping Dou
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University
| | - Dong-Ming Ling
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University
| | - Shuwei Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University
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Zhou F, Shrestha A, Mai S, Tao Z, Li J, Wang Z, Meng X. Relationship between occupational noise exposure and hypertension: A cross-sectional study in steel factories. Am J Ind Med 2019; 62:961-968. [PMID: 31403218 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hazardous exposure to occupational noise may be associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and hypertension. This study was performed to assess the relationship between noise exposure and hypertension prevalence in steelworkers. METHODS A cross-sectional survey using self-reported noise exposure and audiometrically measured hearing loss was performed. One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four workers were interviewed. Multiple logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios for hypertension by noise exposure. Linear regression analysis was used to test associations between noise exposure and systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). RESULTS Occupational noise-exposed subjects had significantly higher blood pressure levels than nonexposed subjects (SBP: 123.18 ± (standard deviation) 12.44 vs 119.80 ± 12.50 mm Hg; DBP: 77.86 ± 9.34 vs 75.49 ± 8.73 mmHg). The prevalence of hypertension was approximately 5% in the control group without noise exposure or hearing impairment and increased from 6% to 21% across the range of increasing degree of hearing loss and, separately, of cumulative exposure time. Noise exposure (any) was associated with an increase in the prevalence of hypertension (odds ratio, 2.03, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.15-3.58). Noise-induced hearing loss and cumulative noise exposure time were positively correlated with BP (hearing loss: SBP: β = .09, 95% CI: 0.04-0.15 mm Hg, DBP: β = .11, 95% CI: 0.06-0.17 mm Hg; cumulative exposure time: SBP: β = .10, 95% CI: 0.04-0.15 mm Hg, DBP: β = .09, 95% CI: 0.04-0.15 mm Hg). CONCLUSIONS Noise exposure measured in two different ways was strongly associated with the prevalence of hypertension in steelworkers. Reducing noise in the steel factory could be a way of decreasing the risk of hypertension in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhou
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public HealthSouthern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Ankita Shrestha
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public HealthSouthern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Shiqi Mai
- Department of Occupational Health Management, Guangzhou Twelfth People's HospitalGuangzhou Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Zhimin Tao
- Department of Occupational Health Management, Guangzhou Twelfth People's HospitalGuangzhou Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Jiahui Li
- Department of Occupational Health Management, Guangzhou Twelfth People's HospitalGuangzhou Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Occupational Health Management, Guangzhou Twelfth People's HospitalGuangzhou Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Xiaojing Meng
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public HealthSouthern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong China
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Fajar JK, Pikir BS, Sidarta EP, Berlinda Saka PN, Akbar RR, Heriansyah T. The Gene Polymorphism of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Intron Deletion and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme G2350A in Patients With Left Ventricular Hypertrophy: A Meta-analysis. Indian Heart J 2019; 71:199-206. [PMID: 31543192 PMCID: PMC6796625 DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of the study was to evaluate the correlation between left ventricular hypertrophy and the gene polymorphism of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) intron deletion (I/D) and ACE G2350A. Methods Information related to the sample size and genotype frequencies was extracted from each study. Results Our results found that the D allele (p = 0.0180) and DD genotype (p = 0.0110) of ACE I/D had a significant association with increasing the risk of left ventricular hypertrophy, whereas the I allele (p = 0.0180), but not II (p = 0.1660) and ID genotypes (p = 0.1430), was associated with decreasing the risk of left ventricular hypertrophy. On other hand, we found that the A allele (p = 0.0020) and GA genotype of ACE G2350A (p = 0.0070) had the correlation with increasing the risk of left ventricular hypertrophy. Conclusions Our meta-analysis reveals that the D allele of ACE I/D and the A allele of ACE G2350A are associated with increasing the risk of left ventricular hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonny Karunia Fajar
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia.
| | - Budi Susetio Pikir
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia.
| | - Erdo Puncak Sidarta
- Brawijaya Cardiovascular Research Center, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, 65145, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Teuku Heriansyah
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia.
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Imran I, Syahrul S, Sofia S, Farida F, Musadir N, Fajar JK. Association of angiotensin-converting enzyme G2350A gene polymorphisms with hypertension among patients with intracerebral haemorrhage. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2019; 14:300-305. [PMID: 31435421 PMCID: PMC6694934 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the correlation of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) G2350A gene polymorphisms with hypertension, brain hematoma volume (BHV), level of consciousness, and disease outcome among intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) patients. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in Zainoel Abidin General Hospital from May 2016 to June 2017. Polymerase chain reaction was used to genotype ACE G2350A gene polymorphisms. BHV was assessed using the ABC/2 volume estimation formula. Level of consciousness was assessed by Glasgow coma scale (GCS). Disease outcome was assessed using Glasgow outcome scale (GOS). Association tests for ACE G2350A genotype in the context of hypertension status, BHV, GCS score, and GOS score in subjects with ICH was analysed by multiple logistic regression. RESULTS A total of 75 ICH patients were included in the study. Of those, 59 patients exhibited hypertension, 24 patients had BHV ≥60 cm3, 16 patients possessed GCS scores ≤8, and 72 patients had GOS scores of 1-3. Our analysis determined that the A allele of the ACE G2350A gene polymorphism was significantly associated with a 3.6-fold increase in hypertension; however, this polymorphism was not associated with BHV, level of consciousness, and disease outcome among ICH patients. CONCLUSION The A allele of the ACE G2350A gene polymorphisms is associated with hypertension among ICH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Imran
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Syahrul Syahrul
- Department of Neurology, Dr. Zainoel Abidin Hospital, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Sofia Sofia
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Farida Farida
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Nasrul Musadir
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Jonny K. Fajar
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
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Mengesha HG, Petrucka P, Spence C, Tafesse TB. Effects of angiotensin converting enzyme gene polymorphism on hypertension in Africa: A meta-analysis and systematic review. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211054. [PMID: 30763326 PMCID: PMC6375551 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension is dramatically increasing in Africa with evidence of increased severity and resistance to treatment. Although angiotensin converting enzyme gene polymorphism is associated with higher prevalence of hypertension, the evidence is inconclusive on its influence on the emerging pattern in Africa. This meta-analysis is conducted to pool the available evidence to inform future research and interventions. METHODS Articles published through May 2018 were systematically searched in PubMed, Scopus and EMBASE databases. Studies were assessed for inclusion by two independent researchers. Six models were used to assess the effect of angiotensin converting enzyme deletion-insertion gene polymorphism. Heterogeneity and publication bias were tested and sensitivity analysis was carried out. Odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals were measured for pooled effect. Both random effect and fixed effect models were used, whilst the frequency of DD, II and DI genotypes were computed and compared. RESULT Patients with D allele were 1.49 times more likely to develop essential hypertension compared with patients who carry the I allele (OR:1.49; CI:1.07, 2.07). Similarly, patients who had homozygous co-dominance genotype DD (i.e., DD vs II) were at a 2.17 times higher risk of essential hypertension compared to the co-dominant genotype II (OR:2.17, CI:1.79, 3.18), dominant model (I.e., DD+ID vs II) (OR:1.48; CI:1.03, 2.12), and recessive model (OR:1.64; CI:1.03, 2.61). On subgroup analysis, participants from Sub-Saharan Africa were more genetically susceptible to hypertension compared to their North Africa counterparts. There was no publication bias found, but there was high to moderate heterogeneity. CONCLUSION ACE I/D polymorphism is associated with essential hypertension in Africa in the allele contrast model, as well as the dominant, recessive and homozygous codominance model. On subgroup analysis, ACE I/D was associated with essential hypertension in patients from Sub-Saharan Africa but not in North Africa. A future large scale study, which includes different ethnic groups, is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pammla Petrucka
- University of Saskatchewan, College of Nursing, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, Adjunct Nelson Mandela African Institute of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Cara Spence
- Univeristy of Saskatchewan, International Research Specialist, International Office, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Tadesse Bekele Tafesse
- School of Pharmacy, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya Univeristy, Harar, Ethiopia
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Yako YY, Balti EV, Matsha TE, Dzudie A, Kruger D, Sobngwi E, Agyemang C, Kengne AP. Genetic factors contributing to hypertension in African-based populations: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2018; 20:485-495. [PMID: 29520984 PMCID: PMC8031059 DOI: 10.1111/jch.13225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In a systematic review, the authors explored genetic association studies of essential hypertension in African populations. Studies reporting on the association of polymorphism(s) with hypertension in African populations were included. Appropriate studies were pooled using random effects model meta-analysis, under six potential inheritance models. In all, 46 polymorphisms in 33 genes were investigated for their association with hypertension or blood pressure levels. Meta-analysis was possible for three single nucleotide polymorphisms: rs4340, rs699, and rs5186. An association was found between rs5186, rs699, and hypertension under allele contrast and homozygous codominant models (odds ratio, 1.63 [95% confidence interval, 1.04-2.54] and 4.01 [95% confidence interval, 1.17-13.80] for rs5186, respectively; and 1.80 [95% confidence interval, 1.13-2.87] for rs699). Findings were mostly robust in sensitivity analyses. According to the systematic review, there is currently insufficient evidence on the specific polymorphisms that pose the risk of hypertension in African populations. Large-scale genetic studies are warranted to better understand susceptibility polymorphisms that may be specific to African populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yandiswa Y. Yako
- Department of Human BiologyFaculty of Health SciencesWalter Sisulu UniversityMthathaSouth Africa
| | - Eric V. Balti
- Diabetes Research Center and Diabetes ClinicDepartment of Internal MedicineFree University of BrusselsBrusselsBelgium
| | - Tandi E. Matsha
- Department of Biomedical SciencesFaculty of Health and Wellness ScienceCape Peninsula University of TechnologyCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Anastase Dzudie
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Yaounde 1YaoundeCameroon
| | - Deirdre Kruger
- Department of SurgeryFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Eugene Sobngwi
- Department of Internal Medicine and SpecialitiesFaculty of Medicine and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Yaounde 1YaoundeCameroon
| | - Charles Agyemang
- Department of Public HealthAcademic Medical CenterUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Andre P. Kengne
- Non‐Communicable Diseases Research UnitSouth African Medical Research CouncilCape TownSouth Africa
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Motawi TK, Shaker OG, Shahin NN, Ahmed NM. Angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism association with obesity and some related disorders in Egyptian females: a case-control observational study. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2016; 13:68. [PMID: 27777603 PMCID: PMC5062892 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-016-0127-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to the WHO report in 2015, obesity is the fifth leading cause of death worldwide, and the prevalence of Egyptian female obesity is 37.5 %. Since obesity is highly influenced by genetics, and adipose tissue renin-angiotensin system is over-activated in obesity, the effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism on obesity and related disorders was studied in several populations, because of its effect on ACE activity. Our objective was to study the association of ACE I/D polymorphism with obesity and certain related disorders, namely hypertension, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome, in Egyptian females. METHODS Eighty female volunteers were recruited, blood pressure and body measurements were recorded and a fasting blood sample was obtained for the quantitation of glucose, lipid profile, insulin, leptin and identification of ACE I/D polymorphs. Subjects were grouped based on hypertension and obesity states. Comparisons of continuous parameters were made with independent sample t-test between two groups. The frequencies of ACE genotypes and alleles, and the association between gene polymorphism and metabolic parameters were assessed using chi-square or Fisher's exact test. RESULTS Genotype frequencies were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for all groups. Genotype distribution did not differ significantly between controls and cases of all the studied disorders. Although DD carriers had apparently higher parameters of blood pressure, lipid profile and insulin resistance, only diastolic blood pressure was almost significant (p = 0.057). I-carriers were significantly less susceptible to hypertension than DD carriers having normal waist/hip ratio (p = 0.007, OR = 17.29, CI = 1.81-164.96) and normal conicity index (p = 0.024, OR = 7.00, CI = 1.36-35.93). In DD genotype carriers, a significant association was found between insulin resistance and high body mass index (p = 0.004, OR = 8.89, CI = 1.94-40.71), waist circumference (p = 0.003, OR = 9.63, CI = 2.14-43.36) and waist/height ratio (p = 0.034, OR = 6.86, CI = 1.25-37.61), although the variations in percentages between DD and I-carriers were not high enough to conclude an effect of ACE I/D on such an association. CONCLUSIONS In this sample of Egyptian females, ACE I/D polymorphism was not significantly associated with obesity nor with any of its related disorders studied. The I allele seemed protective against hypertension in subjects with normal, not high, waist/hip ratio and conicity index compared to DD genotype carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek K Motawi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Olfat G Shaker
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nancy N Shahin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nancy M Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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