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Lim SJ, Choi HG, Jeon CK, Kim SH. Increased chemoresistance to paclitaxel in the MCF10AT series of human breast epithelial cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2015; 33:2023-30. [PMID: 25647149 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The MCF10AT cell series of human breast epithelial cancer cells includes normal MCF10A (10A), premalignant MCF10AT (10AT) and MCF10ATG3B (10ATG3B), and fully malignant MCF10CA1a (10CA1a) cells. The series is a unique model system showing progressive tumorigenic potential with the same origin. The effects of paclitaxel, a microtubule inhibitor, were evaluated in this cell system. Paclitaxel inhibited cell proliferation in a time-dependent (24, 48 and 72 h) and concentration-dependent (0-10 nM) manners with less sensitivity in 10CA1a cells. Treatment with paclitaxel (10 nM) for 24 h induced apoptosis in 10A, 10AT, 10ATG3B and 10CA1a cells, with 23.6, 26.1, 25.2 and 8.96%, respectively, in the sub-G1 phase. Treatment with paclitaxel (0-10 nM) for 24 h, resulted in the appearance of DNA fragmentation (a hallmark of apoptosis) with less sensitivity in the 10CA1a tumor cells. Paclitaxel increased p53 protein expression in 10A, 10AT, 10ATG3B and 10CA1a cells, by 87, 102, 812 and 84%, respectively. The p21Waf1/Cip1 protein expression increased by 2.57-, 1.53- and 2.48-fold in 10A, 10AT and 10ATG3B cells, respectively, with negligible detection in the 10CA1a cells. Activation of the Akt signaling pathway was observed in the MCF10AT cell lineage and the protein expression of phospho-Akt (Ser473 and Thr308). The downstream targets of this pathway, phospho-p70S6K and phospho-S6RP, were also inhibited by paclitaxel in 10A, 10AT and 10ATG3B cells, but minimally inhibited in 10CA1a cells, suggestive of chemoresistance in 10CA1a cells. The effects of paclitaxel on the multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1), MRP1 and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) gene expression were not significant in the MCF10AT cell lineage. These results collectively indicated that paclitaxel inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in the MCF10AT cell lineage, with chemoresistance in 10CA1a tumor cells. The decreased responsiveness to paclitaxel observed in 10CA1a tumor cells was likely due, in part, to activation of the Akt signaling pathway and a high expression of wild-type p53 with lack of p21Waf1/Cip1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Jeong Lim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Gyeom Choi
- College of Natural Science, Hannam University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | | | - So Hee Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Kim JY, Chung JY, Lee SG, Kim YJ, Park JE, Yun J, Park YC, Kim BG, Yoo YH, Kim JM. p53 interferes with microtubule-stabilizing agent-induced apoptosis in prostate and colorectal cancer cells. Int J Mol Med 2013; 31:1388-94. [PMID: 23563592 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Taxanes are microtubule-stabilizing agents that have anticancer activity against several types of human solid tumors. Although the primary mechanism of action of these drugs is well understood, the signaling pathways that confer resistance to these agents in certain types of cancer remain poorly understood. In particular, the association of p53 with the mechanism(s) of taxane-mediated cell death is still controversial. In this study, we showed that p53 has a profound inhibitory effect on docetaxel (Doc)-induced apoptosis in prostate and colorectal cancer cells and that caspases play a critical role in this process. Doc induced prostate cancer cell apoptosis at high levels in p53-null PC3 cells, at intermediate levels in p53-mutant DU145 cells and at low levels in p53 wild-type LNCaP cells. While transient overexpression of p53 in PC3 cells suppressed Doc-induced apoptosis, knockdown of p53 in LNCaP cells increased apoptosis. This finding was further confirmed using an isogenic pair of colorectal cancer cell lines, HCT-116 p53-/- and p53+/+, indicating that p53 inhibits induction of apoptosis by Doc. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing that chemical or genetic knockout of p53 enhances the susceptibility of both prostate and colorectal cancer cells to Doc-induced apoptosis. These results may suggest an approach to stratify patients for regimens involving Doc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Taguchi T, Yamamoto D, Masuda N, Oba K, Nakayama T, Nagata T, Nomura M, Yoshidome K, Yoshino H, Matsunami N, Miyashita M, Furuya Y, Ishida T, Wakita K, Sakamoto J, Noguchi S. Low dose capecitabine plus weekly paclitaxel in patients with metastatic breast cancer: a multicenter phase II study KBCSG-0609. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2013; 71:741-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00280-012-2068-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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4
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Sezgin C, Gokmen E, Kapkac M, Zekioglu O, Esassolak M, Karabulut B, Sanli UA, Uslu R. p53 protein accumulation and presence of visceral metastasis are independent prognostic factors for survival in patients with metastatic inflammatory breast carcinoma. Med Princ Pract 2011; 20:159-64. [PMID: 21252573 DOI: 10.1159/000319916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2009] [Accepted: 05/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the markers of prognosis in metastatic inflammatory breast cancer (IBC). SUBJECTS AND METHODS The prognostic value of patients' clinical characteristics and expression of c-erbB-2, p53, Ki-67, ER and PgR were assessed in the 45 patients with IBC who had developed distant metastasis. Immunohistochemical methods were used to detect the expression of c-erbB-2, p53, Ki-67, ER and PgR in surgical resection specimens of the patients' primary tumor. RESULTS The median overall survival (OS) measured from the diagnosis of metastatic disease was 23 months. In the univariate analysis, p53 protein accumulation and the presence of visceral metastasis were predictive of poor survival (p = 0.01 and 0.003, respectively). In the multivariate analysis, accumulation of p53 protein and the presence of visceral metastasis correlated with OS (p = 0.02 and 0.008, respectively). CONCLUSION In metastatic IBC, accumulation of p53 protein and presence of visceral metastasis are independent prognostic factors for OS. Established prognostic factors in non-IBC patients such as patient age, histologic grade, hormone receptor status and c-erbB-2 status did not have independent significance in IBC in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canfeza Sezgin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ege University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey. canfeza.sezgin @ ege.edu.tr
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5
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Coley HM. Mechanisms and strategies to overcome chemotherapy resistance in metastatic breast cancer. Cancer Treat Rev 2008; 34:378-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2008.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2007] [Revised: 01/13/2008] [Accepted: 01/26/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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6
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Tang SC. Predictive Markers of Tubulin-Targeting Agents in Breast Cancer. Clin Breast Cancer 2008; 8 Suppl 2:S79-84. [DOI: 10.3816/cbc.2008.s.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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7
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Taxanes, microtubules and chemoresistant breast cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2007; 1785:96-132. [PMID: 18068131 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2007.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2007] [Revised: 10/23/2007] [Accepted: 10/28/2007] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The taxanes, paclitaxel and docetaxel are microtubule-stabilizing agents that function primarily by interfering with spindle microtubule dynamics causing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. However, the mechanisms underlying their action have yet to be fully elucidated. These agents have become widely recognized as active chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer and early-stage breast cancer with benefits gained in terms of overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). However, even with response to taxane treatment the time to progression (TTP) is relatively short, prolonging life for a matter of months, with studies showing that patients treated with taxanes eventually relapse. This review focuses on chemoresistance to taxane treatment particularly in relation to the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) and dysfunctional regulation of apoptotic signaling. Since spindle microtubules are the primary drug targets for taxanes, important SAC proteins such as MAD2, BUBR1, Synuclein-gamma and Aurora A have emerged as potentially important predictive markers of taxane resistance, as have specific checkpoint proteins such as BRCA1. Moreover, overexpression of the drug efflux pump MDR-1/P-gp, altered expression of microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) including tau, stathmin and MAP4 may help to identify those patients who are most at risk of recurrence and those patients most likely to benefit from taxane treatment.
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Hayes DF, Thor AD, Dressler LG, Weaver D, Edgerton S, Cowan D, Broadwater G, Goldstein LJ, Martino S, Ingle JN, Henderson IC, Norton L, Winer EP, Hudis CA, Ellis MJ, Berry DA. HER2 and response to paclitaxel in node-positive breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2007; 357:1496-506. [PMID: 17928597 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa071167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 417] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The status of human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2) in breast-cancer cells predicts clinical outcomes in women who receive adjuvant anthracycline-based chemotherapy. We hypothesized that HER2 positivity predicts a benefit from adjuvant doxorubicin doses above standard levels, from the addition of paclitaxel after adjuvant chemotherapy with doxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide, or from both. METHODS We randomly selected 1500 women from 3121 women with node-positive breast cancer who had been randomly assigned to receive doxorubicin (60, 75, or 90 mg per square meter of body-surface area) plus cyclophosphamide (600 mg per square meter) for four cycles, followed by four cycles of paclitaxel (175 mg per square meter) or observation. Tissue blocks from 1322 of these 1500 women were available. Immunohistochemical analyses of these tissue specimens for HER2 with the CB11 monoclonal antibody against HER2 or with a polyclonal-antibody assay kit and fluorescence in situ hybridization for HER2 amplification were performed. RESULTS No interaction was observed between HER2 positivity and doxorubicin doses above 60 mg per square meter. HER2 positivity was, however, associated with a significant benefit from paclitaxel. The interaction between HER2 positivity and the addition of paclitaxel to the treatment was associated with a hazard ratio for recurrence of 0.59 (P=0.01). Patients with a HER2-positive breast cancer benefited from paclitaxel, regardless of estrogen-receptor status, but paclitaxel did not benefit patients with HER2-negative, estrogen-receptor-positive cancers. CONCLUSIONS The expression or amplification, or both, of HER2 by a breast cancer is associated with a benefit from the addition of paclitaxel after adjuvant treatment with doxorubicin (<60 mg per square meter) plus cyclophosphamide in node-positive breast cancer, regardless of estrogen-receptor status. Patients with HER2-negative, estrogen-receptor-positive, node-positive breast cancer may gain little benefit from the administration of paclitaxel after adjuvant chemotherapy with doxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel F Hayes
- Breast Oncology Program,University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor 48109, USA.
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Yoshimasu T, Oura S, Hirai I, Tamaki T, Kokawa Y, Ota F, Nakamura R, Shimizu Y, Kawago M, Hirai Y, Naito K, Kiyoi M, Tanino H, Okamura Y, Furukawa T. In vitro evaluation of dose-response curve for paclitaxel in breast cancer. Breast Cancer 2007; 14:401-5. [DOI: 10.2325/jbcs.14.401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Banerji U, Kuciejewska A, Ashley S, Walsh G, O'Brien M, Johnston S, Smith I. Factors determining outcome after third line chemotherapy for metastatic breast cancer. Breast 2007; 16:359-66. [PMID: 17509879 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2007.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2006] [Accepted: 01/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) are increasingly offered third line chemotherapy. We have reviewed the response rate (RR), time to progression (TTP) and survival of 149 patients in this setting and have investigated factors that influence their outcome. The RR, TTP and survival were 30%, 4 and 8 months, respectively, and should serve as a benchmark for future studies. Response to previous chemotherapy was the only independent variable predicting RR, TTP and survival, p=0.025, 0.04 and 0.004, respectively. Thirty-two percent of patients did not respond to the first two lines of chemotherapy and had a lower RR and a significantly shorter TTP and survival. In conclusion, third line chemotherapy for MBC is sometimes effective in patients who have responded to previous chemotherapy. Patients who do not respond to the first two lines of chemotherapy should be considered for clinical trials or supportive care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udai Banerji
- The Royal Marsden Hospital, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5PT, London, UK.
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Privette LM, González ME, Ding L, Kleer CG, Petty EM. Altered expression of the early mitotic checkpoint protein, CHFR, in breast cancers: implications for tumor suppression. Cancer Res 2007; 67:6064-74. [PMID: 17596595 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-4109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Checkpoint with FHA and Ring Finger (CHFR) is hypothesized to mediate a delay in cell cycle progression early in mitosis in response to microtubule stress, independent of the spindle assembly checkpoint. As a potential regulator of cell cycle progression, CHFR naturally becomes an interesting target for understanding cancer cells. In recent years, there has been increasing evidence supporting the role of CHFR as a tumor suppressor, most of which report loss of expression, occasionally due to promoter hypermethylation, in cancers compared with patient-matched normal tissues. We studied both a panel of breast cancer cell lines as well as primary tissue samples from breast cancer patients to investigate CHFR as a relevant tumor suppressor in breast cancer and to determine whether CHFR expression was associated with clinical and pathologic variables. We report that 41% of cell lines and 36% of patient samples showed low or negative CHFR protein expression or staining. In addition, lack of CHFR detection was associated with increased tumor size and weakly correlated with estrogen receptor-negative tumors from patients. To study the effects of low CHFR expression in vitro, we stably expressed a short hairpin RNA construct targeting CHFR in two lines of immortalized human mammary epithelial cells. Notably, decreased CHFR expression resulted in the acquisition of many phenotypes associated with malignant progression, including accelerated growth rates, higher mitotic index, enhanced invasiveness, increased motility, greater aneuploidy, and amplified colony formation in soft agar, further supporting the role of CHFR as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Privette
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0638, USA
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Malamou-Mitsi V, Gogas H, Dafni U, Bourli A, Fillipidis T, Sotiropoulou M, Vlachodimitropoulos D, Papadopoulos S, Tzaida O, Kafiri G, Kyriakou V, Markaki S, Papaspyrou I, Karagianni E, Pavlakis K, Toliou T, Scopa C, Papakostas P, Bafaloukos D, Christodoulou C, Fountzilas G. Evaluation of the prognostic and predictive value of p53 and Bcl-2 in breast cancer patients participating in a randomized study with dose-dense sequential adjuvant chemotherapy. Ann Oncol 2006; 17:1504-11. [PMID: 16968874 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdl147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the prognostic and predictive significance of p53 and Bcl-2 protein expression in high risk patients with breast cancer treated with dose-dense sequential chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS From June 1997 until November 2000, 595 patients were randomized to three cycles of epirubicin (E) 110 mg/m2 followed by three cycles of paclitaxel (P) 250 mg/m2 followed by three cycles of 'intensified' CMF (cyclophosphamide 840 mg/m2, methotrexate 47 mg/m2 and fluorouracil 840 mg/m2) or to four cycles of E, followed by four cycles of CMF. p53 and Bcl-2 expression was investigated by immunohistochemistry in 392 and 397 patients respectively. RESULTS Positive expression of p53 was detected in 104 (26.5%) patients and was significantly associated with negative hormonal status, worse histologic grade, higher incidence of disease relapse and higher rate of death. p53 positive expression was a significant negative predictor of overall survival (OS) (P = 0.002) and disease-free survival (DFS) (P = 0.001). Negative expression of Bcl-2 was detected in 203 (51%) patients and was significantly associated with negative hormonal status. Multivariate analysis revealed that, positive p53 expression, higher number of positive nodes and worse tumor grade were related to significantly poorer OS and DFS. CONCLUSIONS For both treatments, p53 positive expression was a significant negative prognostic factor for OS and DFS while Bcl-2 was not. No predictive ability of p53 status or Bcl-2 status for paclitaxel treatment was evident.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/mortality
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/mortality
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Chemotherapy, Adjuvant
- Cyclophosphamide/administration & dosage
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Epirubicin/administration & dosage
- Female
- Fluorouracil/administration & dosage
- Gene Expression
- Humans
- Methotrexate/administration & dosage
- Middle Aged
- Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/methods
- Paclitaxel/administration & dosage
- Predictive Value of Tests
- Prognosis
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism
- Survival Analysis
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- V Malamou-Mitsi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
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Bergstralh DT, Ting JPY. Microtubule stabilizing agents: Their molecular signaling consequences and the potential for enhancement by drug combination. Cancer Treat Rev 2006; 32:166-79. [PMID: 16527420 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2006.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2005] [Revised: 01/10/2006] [Accepted: 01/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Microtubule stabilization by chemotherapy is a powerful weapon in the war against cancer. Disruption of the mitotic spindle activates a number of signaling pathways, with consequences that may protect the cell or lead to its death via apoptosis. Taxol, the first microtubule stabilizing drug to be identified, has been utilized successfully in the treatment of solid tumors for two decades. Several features, however, make this drug less than ideal, and the search for next generation stabilizing drugs with increased efficacy has been intense and fruitful. Microtubule stabilizing agents (MSAs), including the taxanes, the epothilones, discodermolide, laulimalide, and eleutherobin, form an important and expanding family of chemotherapeutic agents. A strong understanding of their molecular signaling consequences is essential to their value, particularly in regard to their potential for combinatorial chemotherapy - the use of multiple agents to enhance the efficacy of cancer treatment. Here we present a critical review of research on the signaling mechanisms induced by MSAs, their relevance to apoptosis, and their potential for exploitation by combinatorial therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T Bergstralh
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Campus Box #7295, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA
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