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Recurrent Nasal-Type Extranodal Natural Killer/T-Cell Lymphoma with Meningeal Involvement. Case Rep Hematol 2021; 2021:9972694. [PMID: 34350041 PMCID: PMC8328685 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9972694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma nasal type (NNKTL) is a type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma that has been associated with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV). It has an aggressive behavior, known for predilection to metastasize to different organs. Central nervous system (CNS) spread from a primary location has been reported. Different modalities of treatment such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy have been employed in the management of this disease. Severe toxicities of currently available treatment have made clinicians seek more targeted therapies using molecular profiling. We present a 44-year-old Hispanic patient who was diagnosed with an early-stage NNKTL and treated with the modified SMILE regimen for 6 cycles. His EBV DNA PCR turned undetectable and remained so throughout the treatment. He sustained complete right vision loss due to right optic nerve invasion by the tumor, leading to prophylactic intravitreal methotrexate to the contralateral eye. The patient achieved good response with minimal residual disease. He was supposed to start radiation as a sequential therapy. However, the acute development of severe headache and confusion lead to a complete workup showing leptomeningeal spread. He eventually succumbed to the disease.
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Ekemen S, Uzay A, Bassullu N, Dikicioglu-Cetin E, Matsuda K, Ince U, Coban C. Does it take three to tango? An unsuspected multimorbidity of CD8 + T cell lymphoproliferative disorder, malaria, and EBV infection. Malar J 2018; 17:349. [PMID: 30290813 PMCID: PMC6173833 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-018-2497-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria is known to cause acute and deadly complications. However, malaria can cause unforeseen pathologies due to its chronicity. It increases the risk of endemic Burkitt Lymphoma development by inducing DNA damage in germinal centre (GC) B cells, and leading higher frequency of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-infected cells in GCs. EBV is well known for its tropism for B cells. However, less is known about EBV's interaction with T cells and its association with T cell lymphoma. CASE PRESENTATION A 43-year-old Sudanese male admitted to hospital in Istanbul, Turkey, a non-endemic country, with hyperpigmented painful skin rashes on his whole body. A complete blood count and a peripheral blood smear during admission revealed large granular lymphocytes (LGLs) with abnormally higher CD8 T cell numbers. Additional skin biopsy and pathology results were compatible with CD8+ T cell lymphoproliferative disorder with skin involvement. Patient was treated and discharged. However, a pathologist noticed unusual structures in skin tissue samples. Careful evaluation of skin biopsy samples by polarized microscopy revealed birefringent crystalloid structures resembling malarial haemozoin mainly loaded in macrophages and giant histiocytes. After purification of DNA from the skin biopsy samples, nested PCR was performed for the detection of Plasmodium parasites and Plasmodium falciparum DNA was amplified. Because, the co-presence of EBV infection with malaria is a well-known aetiology of lymphoma, EBV-early RNA (EBER) transcripts were investigated in paraffin-embedded tissue samples and found to be positive in macrophage-like histiocytes. CONCLUSIONS This is a unique case of malaria and EBV infection in a T-LGL lymphoma patient who presented in a non-endemic country. This case emphasizes the clinical importance of EBV monitoring in T-LGL patients with skin involvement. Notably, Plasmodium infection should be examined in patients from malaria endemic regions by pathological and molecular investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suheyla Ekemen
- Acibadem Pathology Laboratory, Istanbul, Turkey. .,Laboratory of Malaria Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Ant Uzay
- Department of Internal Medicine, Acibadem University Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | | | - Kyoko Matsuda
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Umit Ince
- Acibadem Pathology Laboratory, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Pathology, Acibadem University Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cevayir Coban
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Rezania D, Cualing HD, Ayala E. The Diagnosis, Management, and Role of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Aggressive Peripheral T-Cell Neoplasms. Cancer Control 2017; 14:151-9. [PMID: 17387300 DOI: 10.1177/107327480701400208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Peripheral T-cell neoplasms (PTCNs) comprise a group of uncommon and heterogeneous lymphoid malignancies. They are more difficult to diagnose and treat and have a worse prognosis than B-cell lymphomas. Although PTCNs initially show a significant degree of chemosensitivity, the outcome of treatment with conventional dose chemotherapy remains poor. Methods We reviewed the literature on the diagnosis, treatment, and collective transplant reports regarding PTCNs. Results The correct diagnosis of peripheral T-cell lymphoma requires a combination of clinical presentation, morphology, immunophenotype, and molecular study. While no specific treatment other than conventional dose chemotherapy is currently available for aggressive PTCN, histone acetylase inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies such as anti-CD7 and anti-CD52 are being studied in T-cell malignancies. The role of autologous and allogeneic transplantation is being investigated for high-risk, relapsed, and refractory PTCNs with some promising results. Conclusions Access to hematopathology expertise in a tertiary care setting may lead to earlier and more accurate diagnoses of these diseases. PTCNs comprise a heterogeneous group of diseases with no widely accepted standard of care, and accurate determination of their histologic subtypes correlates with prognosis. Patients in first complete remission with poor risk features and patients with relapsed and refractory disease should be considered for bone marrow transplant due to the poor outcomes obtained with conventional chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorna Rezania
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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Suwa A, Shimoda T. Concurrent with T-zone lymphoma and high-grade gastrointestinal cytotoxic T-cell lymphoma in a dog. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 79:736-739. [PMID: 28302939 PMCID: PMC5402196 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.16-0542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A 9-year-old, spayed female Golden Retriever dog was referred to us for lymphocytosis and
lymphadenopathy, secondary to suspected chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The dog had a
clinical history of anorexia, vomiting and melena lasting two days. The popliteal lymph
node contained small-to-intermediate lymphocytes, which led us to suspect low-grade
lymphoma. Thickened lesions in the stomach and small intestine were detected by
ultrasonography. Histopathology of the popliteal lymph node and small intestine revealed a
simultaneous presence of T-zone lymphoma (TZL) and high-grade gastrointestinal (GI)
cytotoxic T-cell lymphoma. Large granular lymphocytes (LGLs) were seen on cytological
examination. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) revealed that both lymphomas originated in
the T-cells. The dog died 15 days after diagnosis, despite chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihisa Suwa
- Sanyo Animal Medical Center, 357-1 Komoto, Akaiwa, Okayama 709-0821, Japan
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O'Suoji C, Welch JJG, Perkins SL, Smith LM, Weitzman S, Simko SJ, Galardy PJ, Bollard CM, Gross TG, Termuhlen AM. Rare Pediatric Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas: A Report From Children's Oncology Group Study ANHL 04B1. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2016; 63:794-800. [PMID: 26728447 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.25881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a relatively common malignancy in pediatric patients; however, a small subgroup have unusual lymphoma subtypes for the pediatric population. PROCEDURE The Children's Oncology Group Rare and Cutaneous NHL registry's (protocol ANHL 04B1) main objectives were to determine the pathologic, biologic, and clinical features of rare and cutaneous pediatric NHL and establish a bank of centrally reviewed tissue specimens. We report the clinical data, treatment data, and outcome for rare pediatric NHL. RESULTS In 101 lymphomas, there is a 97.8% concordance between the reviewing study pathologists and an 87.6% concordance between the central and institutional pathology review. Samples in the specimen bank include primary tumor tissue that is snap frozen, in paraffin blocks, or H&E-stained and unstained paraffin slides as well as blood, serum, and bone marrow. This descriptive analysis shows that children with pediatric follicular lymphoma, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, nodal marginal zone lymphoma, primary cutaneous, primary central nervous system lymphoma, and subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphomas have 100% survival at a median of 2 years from enrollment. There are early deaths, mostly from progressive disease, in subjects with peripheral T-cell (not otherwise specified), NKT, and hepatosplenic T-cell lymphomas. CONCLUSIONS This registry provides high-quality biologic specimens with clinical data to investigators working on the biology of these unusual pediatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chibuzo O'Suoji
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, West Virginia University, Charleston, West Virginia
| | - Jennifer J G Welch
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Hasbro Children's Hospital, Alpert Medical School Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Sherrie L Perkins
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah Health Sciences, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Lynette M Smith
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Sheila Weitzman
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen J Simko
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Paul J Galardy
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Catherine M Bollard
- Children's National Health System, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | | | - Amanda M Termuhlen
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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Sayyahfar S, Karimi A, Gharib A, Fahimzad A. Association of Systemic Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma and Active Toxoplasmosis in a Child. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF CANCER PREVENTION 2015; 8:e3438. [PMID: 26478795 PMCID: PMC4606376 DOI: 10.17795/ijcp-3438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Anaplastic large cell lymphoma is a subset of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and an unusual disease in children. Case Presentation: Herein we have reported a 7- year- old girl with a large necrotic skin ulcer on the chest caused by systemic form of anaplastic large-cell lymphoma and simultaneous active toxoplasmosis diagnosed by PCR on lymph node specimen. There were few reports showing a role for toxoplasma infection to cause some malignancies such as lymphoma in adults. Conclusions: Based to our knowledge, this has been the first report of simultaneous systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma and active toxoplasmosis, documented by positive PCR on tissue biopsy in a child. This case report has suggested more attention to the accompanying Toxoplasma gondii infection as a probable cause of some types of lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Sayyahfar
- Department of Paediatrics, Ali Asghar Children Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Abdollah Karimi
- Paediatric Infection Research Centre, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Atoosa Gharib
- Department of Pathology, Imam Hosein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Alireza Fahimzad
- Paediatric Infection Research Centre, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
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Ferreira CR, Felipe-Silva A, de Campos FPF, Zerbini MCN. Nodal Epstein-Barr virus-positive T-cell/NK-cell lymphoma associated with immunodeficiency: a rare condition looking for recognition. Autops Case Rep 2014; 4:25-34. [PMID: 28573126 PMCID: PMC5443130 DOI: 10.4322/acr.2014.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The authors describe a peculiar form of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated T-cell lymphoma in an HIV-positive patient presenting an aggressive clinical course. Unlike most other EBV-positive T-cell/natural-killer (NK)-cell lymphomas, the disease was characterized by predominant nodal involvement at presentation. T-cell lineage was confirmed by T-cell receptor-rearrangement, and neoplastic cells exhibited strong and diffuse CD56 expression. A marked intravascular component was detected in the skin, the liver, and the lung parenchyma. This entity was not predicted in the WHO 2008 classification, but has been recently identified in immunocompromised patients. This case report refers to a middle-aged man with AIDS, who presented a 4-month history of weight loss, fever, hepatosplenomegaly, peripheral and deep-chain lymphadenopathy. A blood smear showed lymphocytosis with a marked presence of atypia. The outcome was unfavorable and the patient could not be treated. The autopsy revealed multivisceral involvement, including lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow, liver, lungs, skin, and kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Rúbia Ferreira
- Anatomic Pathology Service - Hospital Universitário - Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo/SP - Brazil
| | - Aloísio Felipe-Silva
- Anatomic Pathology Service - Hospital Universitário - Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo/SP - Brazil
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8
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Adamkovich N, Kispál M, Krenács L, Bagdi E, Borbényi Z. [Large granular lymphocytic leukemia. A rare disease with personalized treatment options]. Orv Hetil 2014; 155:414-9. [PMID: 24613776 DOI: 10.1556/oh.2014.29830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Large granular lymphocyte leukemia is rare, mainly chronic disease. The most common complication is neutropenia, but other immune-mediated cytopenia may also occur. There are no unified treatment recommendations and initiation of treatment mainly depends on the severity of the symptoms. AIM The aim of the authors was to analyze the main steps of the diagnosis and the necessity and outcome of treatment in their patients diagnosed with large granular lymphocyte leukaemia. METHOD The authors retrospectively analyzed the data of 17 large granular lymphocyte leukemia patients. RESULTS Of the 17 patients, 7 patients required treatment because of transfusion dependent anemia (4 patients) or neutropenia (3 patients). In 4 patients corticosteroid was given (supplemented with cyclosporine in one patients), while the other patients received anti-CD52 (one patient), low dose methotrexate (one patient) and combined chemotherapy (one patient). Five patients achieved partial response, and two patients died in sepsis. CONCLUSIONS In this cohort only a smaller proportion of patients required therapy. Immunosuppression can be successful, but the effect in most cases was temporary. The most serious complication was sepsis, which is associated with a significant risk of mortality in cases with neutropenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nóra Adamkovich
- Szegedi Tudományegyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar II. Belgyógyászati Klinika és Kardiológiai Központ, Hematológiai Osztály Szeged Korányi fasor 6. 6720
| | | | - László Krenács
- Szegedi Tudományegyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar Daganatpatológiai és Molekuláris Diagnosztikai Laboratórium Szeged
| | - Enikő Bagdi
- Szegedi Tudományegyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar Daganatpatológiai és Molekuláris Diagnosztikai Laboratórium Szeged
| | - Zita Borbényi
- Szegedi Tudományegyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar II. Belgyógyászati Klinika és Kardiológiai Központ, Hematológiai Osztály Szeged Korányi fasor 6. 6720
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10
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Wlodarski MW, Schade AE, Maciejewski JP. T-large granular lymphocyte leukemia: current molecular concepts. Hematology 2013; 11:245-56. [PMID: 17178663 DOI: 10.1080/10245330600774793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
T-large granular lymphocyte (T-LGL) leukemia is a chronic and often indolent T cell lymphoproliferation characterized by extreme expansion of a semi-autonomous cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) clone. Clinically, T-LGL can be associated with various cytopenias; neutropenia constitutes the most frequent manifestation. LGL clone represents a pathologic counterpart of the cytotoxic effector T cell but an abnormal memory CD8 cell seems to provide the supply of the matured LGL population. Analysis of clonal T cell receptor (TCR) rearrangement and complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3) of the TCR beta-chain is a useful tool to investigate clonal expansions, track the frequency of expanded clones and also clinically useful to monitor the response to therapy. The lessons learned from molecular analysis of clonal repertoire support a clinically-derived conclusion that the LGL clone arises in the context of an initially polyclonal immune response or an autoimmune process. Consequently, specific manifestations of T-LGL may be a result of the recognition spectrum of the transformed clone and the cytokines it produces. Due to the often monoclonal manifestation, T-LGL constitutes a suitable model to investigate polyclonal CTL-mediated processes. Application of new technologies, including TCR repertoire analysis by sequencing, clonotypic quantitative PCR and VB flow cytometry facilitate clinical diagnosis and may allow insights into the regulation of TCR repertoire and consequences resulting from the contraction of clonal diversity.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Autoimmune Diseases/epidemiology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/pathology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Viral
- Clone Cells/pathology
- Comorbidity
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Gene Rearrangement, T-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Herpesviridae Infections/complications
- Humans
- Killer Cells, Natural/pathology
- Leukemia, T-Cell/diagnosis
- Leukemia, T-Cell/epidemiology
- Leukemia, T-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, T-Cell/pathology
- Leukemia, T-Cell/physiopathology
- Leukemia, T-Cell/virology
- Leukocyte Count
- Leukocytosis/diagnosis
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Lymphoproliferative Disorders/epidemiology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Retroviridae Infections/complications
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/pathology
- Tumor Virus Infections/epidemiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin W Wlodarski
- Experimental Hematology and Hematopoiesis Section, Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Hu Y, Ahmed T, Zaslav AL, Golightly M, Spitzer SG, Raetz E, Chan EL. Lymphoproliferative disorder that resembles heptosplenic lymphoma during maintenance treatment for T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60:E10-2. [PMID: 23303724 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.24442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A 6-year-old male presented with a testicular mass, hepatosplenomegaly, and a pleural effusion while undergoing maintenance chemotherapy for treatment of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). He was subsequently diagnosed with a lymphoproliferative disorder that resembled hepatosplenic lymphoma (HSL). While the extranodal presentation and the protracted yet aggressive clinical course are consistent with HSL, the findings of monosomy 8 and polymorphic cell populations are unique and have not been previously described in this type of lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjun Hu
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, New York
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Ballegeer EA, Hollinger C, Kunst CM. IMAGING DIAGNOSIS-MULTICENTRIC LYMPHOMA OF GRANULAR LYMPHOCYTES IMAGED WITH FDG PET/CT IN A DOG. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2012; 54:75-80. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2012.01988.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Ballegeer
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences; D211 Veterinary Medical Center; 736 Wilson Road; East Lansing; MI; 48824
| | - Charlotte Hollinger
- Diagnostic Center for Population and Animal Health; 4125 Beaumont Road; Lansing; MI; 48910
| | - Chelsea M. Kunst
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences; D211 Veterinary Medical Center; 736 Wilson Road; East Lansing; MI; 48824
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Patolia S, Schmidt F, Patolia S, Gulati N, Muhammad P, Narendra D, Enriquez D, Quist J. Multiple Myeloma With Mixed Lytic and Blastic Bone Lesions With Lymphadenopathy: Rare Manifestation of a Common Disease-Case Presentation and Literature Review. World J Oncol 2012; 3:78-82. [PMID: 29147284 PMCID: PMC5649893 DOI: 10.4021/wjon440w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma - a neoplastic proliferation of plasma cell is the second most common blood cancer. Multiple myeloma is characterized by neoplastic proliferation of the plasma cells. These cells infiltrate variety of organs. Infiltration by immature neoplastic cells and overproduction of monoclonal immunoglobulin chain is responsible for clinical manifestations of multiple myeloma. The most common clinical presentation of multiple myeloma is an asymptomatic person having anemia and elevated globulin in laboratory testing. Multiple myeloma is diagnosed by triad of > 10% marrow infiltration by plasma cells, serum/urine monoclonal protein and end organ damages. One of the common end organ damage is lytic bone lesions resulting from imbalance between osteolytic and osteoblastic activities. Lymphadenopathy and osteoblastic lesions are rare presentations of multiple myeloma - lymphadenopathy in 1% of cases with IgA subtype and osteoblastic lesions in IgE myeloma and lambda light chains. Osteoblastic multiple myeloma is a distinct entity from POEMS syndrome. IgG myeloma with kappa chain predominance is not described yet with osteoblastic lesions and lymphadenopathy. We present a rare case of IgG myeloma with kappa chain predominance that had both lymphadenopathy and osteoblastic lesions.
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Pontikoglou C, Kalpadakis C, Papadaki HA. Pathophysiologic mechanisms and management of neutropenia associated with large granular lymphocytic leukemia. Expert Rev Hematol 2011; 4:317-28. [PMID: 21668396 DOI: 10.1586/ehm.11.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Large granular lymphocyte (LGL) syndrome includes a spectrum of clonal T cell and natural killer cell chronic lymphoproliferative disorders. These conditions are thought to arise from chronic antigenic stimulation, while the long-term survival of the abnormal LGLs appears to be sustained by resistance to apoptosis and/or impaired survival signaling. T-cell LGL (T-LGL) leukemia is the most common LGL disorder in the Western world. Despite its indolent course, the disease is often associated with neutropenia, the pathogenesis of which is multifactorial, comprising both humoral and cytotoxic mechanisms. This article addresses the pathogenesis of T-LGL leukemia and natural killer cell chronic lymphoproliferative disorder, as well as that of T-LGL leukemia-associated neutropenia. Furthermore, as symptomatic neutropenia represents an indication for initiating treatment, available therapeutic options are also discussed.
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15
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Mohan SR, Clemente MJ, Afable M, Cazzolli HN, Bejanyan N, Wlodarski MW, Lichtin AE, Maciejewski JP. Therapeutic implications of variable expression of CD52 on clonal cytotoxic T cells in CD8+ large granular lymphocyte leukemia. Haematologica 2011; 94:1407-14. [PMID: 19794084 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2009.009191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia is a clonal proliferation of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes which often results in severe cytopenia. Current treatment options favor chronic immunosuppression. Alemtuzumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against glycophosphatidylinositol-anchored CD52, is approved for patients refractory to therapy in other lymphoid malignancies. DESIGN AND METHODS We retrospectively examined treatment outcomes in 59 patients with CD8+ T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia, 41 of whom required therapy. Eight patients with severe refractory cytopenia despite multiple treatment regimens had been treated with subcutaneous alemtuzumab as salvage therapy. Flow cytometry was used to monitor expression of glycophosphatidylinositol-anchored CD52, CD55, and CD59 as well as to characterize T-cell clonal expansions by T-cell receptor variable beta-chain (Vbeta) repertoire. RESULTS Analysis of the effects of alemtuzumab revealed remissions with restoration of platelets in one of one patient, red blood cell transfusion independence in three of five patients and improvement of neutropenia in one of three, resulting in an overall response rate of 50% (4/8 patients). Clonal large granular lymphocytes exhibited decreased CD52 expression post-therapy in patients refractory to treatment. Samples of large granular lymphocytes collected prior to therapy also unexpectedly had a significant proportion of CD52-negative cells while a healthy control population had no such CD52 deficiency (p=0.026). CONCLUSIONS While alemtuzumab may be highly effective in large granular lymphocytic leukemia, prospective serial monitoring for the presence of CD52-deficient clonal cytotoxic T-lymphocytes should be a component of clinical trials investigating the efficacy of this drug. CD52 deficiency may explain lack of response to alemtuzumab, and such therapy may confer a survival advantage to glycophosphatidylinositol-negative clonal cytotoxic T-lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay R Mohan
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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Abstract
AbstractPeripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs) are a heterogeneous group of clinically aggressive diseases associated with poor outcome. Studies that focus specifically on PTCL are emerging, with the ultimate goal of improved understanding of disease biology and the development of more effective therapies. However, one of the difficulties in classifying and studying treatment options in clinical trials is the rarity of these subtypes. Various groups have developed lymphoma classifications over the years, including the World Health Organization, which updated its classification in 2008. This article briefly reviews the major lymphoma classification schema, highlights contributions made by the collaborative International PTCL Project, discusses prognostic issues and gene expression profiling, and outlines therapeutic approaches to PTCL. These include the standard chemotherapeutic regimens and other modalities incorporating antifolates, conjugates, histone deacetylase inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, nucleoside analogs, proteasome inhibitors, and signaling inhibitors. As this review emphasizes, the problem has now evolved into an abundance of drugs and too few patients available to test them. Collaborative groups will aid in future efforts to find the best treatment strategies to improve the outcome for patients with PTCL.
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Lee RJ, Ritz N, Chan ACY, Berzins SP, Came N, Curtis N, Lim A, Harrison SJ. Lessons Learned From an Unusual Presentation of CD3+, CD56−T-Cell Large Granular Lymphocyte Leukemia. J Clin Oncol 2010; 28:e498-502. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.29.1898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicole Ritz
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute and The University of Melbourne Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | - Neil Came
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nigel Curtis
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute and The University of Melbourne Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew Lim
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
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18
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Zhang R, Shah MV, Loughran TP. The root of many evils: indolent large granular lymphocyte leukaemia and associated disorders. Hematol Oncol 2010; 28:105-17. [PMID: 19645074 PMCID: PMC4377226 DOI: 10.1002/hon.917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Large granular lymphocytes (LGL) leukaemia can arise from either natural killer (NK) cells or cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). The T-cell form of LGL leukaemia has significant overlap with other haematological disorders and autoimmune diseases. Here we provide an overview of LGL biology. We also focus discussion on the indolent LGL leukaemia related disorders and their causal relationships. We then discuss the potential relationships and distinctions between indolent LGL leukaemia and non-malignant clonal lymphocyte expansion that occur in otherwise healthy individuals, especially elder people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Zhang
- Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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19
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Magro CM, Porcu P, Schaefer J, Erter JW, Furman RR, Shitabata PK, Crowson AN. Cutaneous CD4+ CD56+ hematologic malignancies. J Am Acad Dermatol 2010; 63:292-308. [PMID: 20541283 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2009.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2009] [Revised: 08/14/2009] [Accepted: 08/14/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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20
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Siddiqui NA, Branstetter BF, Hamilton BE, Ginsberg LE, Glastonbury CM, Harnsberger HR, Barnes EL, Myers EN. Imaging characteristics of primary laryngeal lymphoma. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2010; 31:1261-5. [PMID: 20360337 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a2085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The larynx is a rare site for primary NHL. Fewer than 100 cases have been reported in the literature, with the largest imaging review involving only 4 patients. We describe the findings of laryngeal lymphoma on CT, PET, and MR imaging and identify features that may distinguish laryngeal lymphoma from the far more common laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Multi-institutional retrospective chart review revealed 20 patients with histopathologically proved laryngeal lymphoma. Pretreatment CT, PET, and MR images were reviewed by a head and neck radiologist, focusing on extent of tumor, cervical lymph node involvement, and enhancement patterns. RESULTS Patients ranged from 30 to 90 years of age with a mean of 63 years at the time of initial diagnosis and a 2:1 female predominance. The average tumor size was 37 +/- 19 mm. In all patients, laryngeal lymphoma involved the supraglottis but also extended into the glottis (65%) and hypopharynx (60%). The subglottis was less frequently involved (35%). Laryngeal cartilage invasion and cervical lymphadenopathy were each seen in 20% of patients. Lymphoma was consistently FDG-avid (100%) and usually enhanced uniformly with iodinated contrast (73%). Necrosis and calcification were not seen in any cases. CONCLUSIONS Although laryngeal lymphoma is rare, particular imaging features suggest this diagnosis. A large uniformly enhancing supraglottic tumor without central necrosis and without cervical lymphadenopathy is a characteristic finding of lymphoma. Similar to squamous cell carcinoma, lymphoma may extend into the subglottis, pharynx, and laryngeal cartilages.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Siddiqui
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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21
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Argyrakos T, Rontogianni D, Karmiris T, Kapsimali V, Grigoriou E, Tsantekidou M, Naum C, Galani V, Pantelidaki C, Harhalakis N, Nikiforakis E, Kanavaros P. Blastic Natural Killer (NK)-Cell Lymphoma: Report of an Unusual CD4 Negative Case and Review of the CD4 Negative Neoplasms with Blastic Features in the Literature. Leuk Lymphoma 2009; 45:2127-33. [PMID: 15370260 DOI: 10.1080/10428190410001723232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Blastic Natural Killer (NK)-cell lymphoma is a relatively new entity which has been recently included in the WHO classification. CD4 expression is observed in most cases of blastic NK-cell lymphomas and has been related with skin tropism. We report an unusual CD4 negative blastic NK-cell lymphoma with primary presentation in the skin, subsequent infiltration of the bone marrow and aggressive behavior. It is emphasized that extensive immunophenotyping and EBER RNA in situ hybridization are required in order to establish the diagnosis of blastic NK-cell lymphoma. We also present a review of the literature with respect to the CD4 negative NK-cell lymphomas with blastic morphological features.
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22
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Balsamo M, Zambello R, Teramo A, Pedrazzi M, Sparatore B, Scordamaglia F, Pende D, Mingari MC, Moretta L, Moretta A, Semenzato G, Vitale M. Analysis of NK cell/DC interaction in NK-type lymphoproliferative disease of granular lymphocytes (LDGL): role of DNAM-1 and NKp30. Exp Hematol 2009; 37:1167-75. [PMID: 19580844 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2009.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2009] [Revised: 06/25/2009] [Accepted: 06/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Natural killer (NK) cells and dendritic cells (DC) can give rise to reciprocal functional interactions resulting in promotion of DC maturation, killing of immature DC (iDC), and proliferation of NK cells. In this study, we analyze whether, in NK-lymphoproliferative disease of granular lymphocytes (LDGL) patients, this function could be altered and contribute to the persistence of the disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS Freshly isolated peripheral blood NK granular lymphocytes (GL) and NK cell lines derived from 13 different NK-LDGL patients were analyzed in coculture experiments to evaluate their ability to interact with monocyte-derived DCs (Mo-DC). RESULTS As compared to NK cells isolated from healthy donors, NK-GLs displayed, in most cases, a reduced capability of promoting Mo-DC maturation and of killing iDC. These findings could be explained, at least in part, by the low expression levels of NKp30: an activating receptor involved in the molecular interactions occurring between NK cells and DC. We also show that, in the presence of DC-derived cytokines such as interleukin-12, in both patients and healthy individuals, DNAM-1 can cooperate with NKp30 to induce NK cells to kill DC, release tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and promote DC maturation. This contribution, however, is not sufficient to compensate for the defect in patients' NK cells. CONCLUSION Besides expanding knowledge of the molecular basis of the NK/DC cross-talk, our study demonstrates that NK cells from NK-LDGL patients are impaired in their ability to interact with Mo-DC. The possible relationship between such abnormal NK cell/DC interactions and chronic NK cell proliferation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirna Balsamo
- DI.ME.S. Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
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23
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Roelandt PR, Maertens J, Vandenberghe P, Verslype C, Roskams T, Aerts R, Nevens F, Dierickx D. Hepatosplenic gammadelta T-cell lymphoma after liver transplantation: report of the first 2 cases and review of the literature. Liver Transpl 2009; 15:686-92. [PMID: 19562701 DOI: 10.1002/lt.21748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatosplenic gammadelta T-cell lymphoma is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder originating from natural killer-like Vdelta1-lymphocytes. This subtype has been described after different types of solid organ transplants. In this article, we describe the first 2 cases after liver transplantation. Both patients had thrombocytopenia with (hepato)splenomegaly but without peripheral lymphadenopathies and sinusoidal infiltration of the liver and spleen by monomorphic gammadelta-lymphocytes on pathological examination. The clinical and pathological findings, immunophenotypical profile, prognosis, and treatment are highlighted. In order to make an early diagnosis, physicians who take care of liver transplant recipients should be aware of the characteristic features of this posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder. Therefore, a diagnostic algorithm is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip R Roelandt
- Department of Hepatology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
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24
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Sretenovic A, Antic D, Jankovic S, Gotic M, Perunicic-Jovanovic M, Jakovic L, Mihaljevic B. T-cell large granular lymphocytic (T-LGL) leukemia: a single institution experience. Med Oncol 2009; 27:286-90. [PMID: 19306076 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-009-9206-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2008] [Accepted: 03/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND T-cell large granular lymphocytic (T-LGL) leukemia is a rare lymphoproliferative disease which usually affects elderly people. The clinical course of T-LGL leukemia is generally indolent, with lymphocytosis and splenomegaly in 20-50% patients, hepatomegaly in 5-20% of patients, and less commonly, lymphadenopathy. T-LGL leukemia is associated with immunological abnormalities: rheumatoid factor with or without rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Coombs positive hemolytic anemia, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), pure red cell aplasia (PRCA), positive anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA), anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA), hypogammaglobulinemia, and polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia. Aim To compare clinical and laboratory features of T-LGL leukemia patients and their responses to different chemotherapy regimens. METHODS Six patients (3 males and 3 females) with T-LGL leukemia were analyzed. The diagnosis was based on accepted morphologic criteria, immunophenotype, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection of T-cell receptor (TCR) gene rearrangements. RESULTS All patients exhibited lymphocytosis, mainly with unusual morphologies, splenomegaly, and elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Three patients were treated with a Fludarabine-Cyclophosphamide (FC) combination as initial therapy while three patients received CHOP. Two patients received more than one treatment regimen. One patient died due to T-LGL leukemia in first year after diagnosis, one patient died 4 years after diagnosis, two patients interrupted their treatment, and two patients are still alive. CONCLUSIONS Further prospective studies are needed for establishing a gold standard therapy for T-LGL leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Sretenovic
- Institute of Hematology, Clinical Center Serbia, Koste Todorovica 2 Street, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia
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25
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Szu Lyn Ding C, Ping Chau Y, Yee Lee H, Ming Yap W, Leong Chuah K. An unusual cause of nodular skin lesions with ulcer. Pathology 2008; 40:714-8. [DOI: 10.1080/00313020802441691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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26
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Yang C, Ma J, Yang X, Jia L, Liu H, Xiao J. Natural killer/T-cell nasal-type lymphoma: unusual primary spinal tumor. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2008; 33:E929-32. [PMID: 19011534 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0b013e318186b2db] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN A natural killer/T-cell lymphoma originating in the spine of a 60-year-old man is first reported, along with a brief review of the literature on the topic. OBJECTIVE To describe the presentation and diagnosis of this disorder along with an emphasis on the importance of this type of rare tumor, needing early and accurate immunophenotypic profiling to make a right diagnosis. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphomas represent a rare type of lymphoma derived from either activated NK cell or rarely cytotoxic T cells. It usually originates in the nasal cavity/nasopharynx and invades the surrounding tissues, which is aggressive and, usually, a delay in diagnosis could result in a fatal outcome. METHODS A 60-year-old man presented with severe pain in his chest and back for 3 weeks and developed paralysis soon. After we got a negative result of lymphomatous from a bone marrow biopsy, we took a piecemeal excision of the 10th thoracic vertebra. Titanium mesh with bone cement filling-in and mass screw internal fixation system were used for reconstructing the stability of the spine. The histopathology was consistent with NK/T-cell lymphomas. RESULT The condition of the patient became worse suddenly after he regained some strength in his both lower limbs a week after the operation. He was not suitable for any aggressive chemotherapy or radiation therapy because of his poor condition and died 20 days later. CONCLUSION NK/T-cell lymphomas originated at other sites but nasal cavity/nasopharynx do not present typical clinical features and symptoms in the absence of lymphadenopathy. There are possibilities for misdiagnosis of NK/T-cell lymphoma that originates at other sites. The unfavorable prognosis of this tumor emphasized the need for novel molecular targets and more effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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27
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Matsuo Y, Drexler HG, Harashima A, Okochi A, Shimizu N, Orita K. Transcription Factor Expression in Cell Lines Derived from Natural Killer-Cell and Natural Killer-Like T-Cell Leukemia-Lymphoma. Hum Cell 2008; 17:85-92. [PMID: 15369140 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-0774.2004.tb00079.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Although a number of transcription factors (TFs) have been identified that play a pivotal role in the development of hematopoietic lineages, only little is known about factors that may influence development and lineage commitment of natural killer (NK) or NK-like T (NKT)-cells. Obviously to fully appreciate the NK- and NKT-cell differentiation process, it is important to identify and characterize the TFs effecting the NK- and NKT-cell lineage. Furthermore, these TFs may play a role in NK- or NKT-cell leukemias, in which the normal differentiation program is presumably disturbed. The present study analyzed the expression of the following 13 TFs: AML1, CEBPA, E2A, ETS1, GATA1, GATA2, GATA3, IKAROS, IRF1, PAX5, PU1, TBET and TCF1 in 7 malignant NK-cell lines together with 5 malignant NKT-cell lines, 5 T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cell lines including 3 gamma/delta T-cell receptor (TCR) type and 2 alpha/beta TCR type, and 3 B-cell precursor (BCP) leukemia cell lines. AML1, E2A, ETS1, IKAROS and IRF1 were found to be positive for all cell lines tested whereas GATA1 turned out to be universally negative. CEBPA, PAX5 and PU1 were negative for all cell lines tested except in the three positive BCP-cell lines. GATA2 was positive for 3/5 T-cell lines but negative for the other cell lines. GATA3 was positive for 7/7 NK-, 4/5 NKT-, 5/5 T- and 2/3 BCP-cell lines. TBET was positive for all NK- and NKT-cell lines and negative for all T- and BCP-cell lines except one BCP-cell line. In contrast to the expression of TBET, TCF1 was negative for all NK- and NKT-cell lines, being positive for 4/5 T- and 1/3 BCP-cell lines. Expression analysis of TFs revealed that NK- and NKT-cell lines showed identical profiles, clearly distinct from those of the other T-ALL or BCP-ALL leukemia-derived cell lines..
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MESH Headings
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Humans
- Killer Cells, Natural/cytology
- Leukemia, T-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, T-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/pathology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Transcription Factors/physiology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinobu Matsuo
- Fujisaki Cell Center, Hayashibara Biochemical Labs, Okayama 702-8006, Japan.
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28
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Abstract
Angiocentric lesions of the head and neck encompass a variety of benign and malignant lesions. Not unexpectedly the sequelae of an angiocentric process independent of its benign or malignant nature is one of tissue ischemia with a potential for either breakdown or reparative fibrosis. Therefore, the clinical presentations can be very similar despite a varied pathogenesis. Among the benign reactive infiltrates that will be considered are angiocentric eosinophilic fibrosis, Wegener's granulomatosis, microscopic polyangiitis and cocaine associated mid line facial destruction. We will discuss other conditions which enter into the differential diagnosis either clinically or histologically including Erdheim Chester disease and mid line facial undermining unrelated to an angiocentric event specifically in the context of trigeminal trophic ulcer and relapsing polychondritis. The two main neoplastic conditions exhibiting angiocentricity are in the context of lymphomatoid granulomatosis and NK/T cell lymphoma; hence these two particular hematologic dyscrasias will be discussed in some detail in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia M. Magro
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Ave F-309, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Molly Dyrsen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Ave F-309, New York, NY 10065 USA
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29
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Clémenceau B, Vivien R, Berthomé M, Robillard N, Garand R, Gallot G, Vollant S, Vié H. Effector Memory αβ T Lymphocytes Can Express FcγRIIIa and Mediate Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 180:5327-34. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.8.5327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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30
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Beresford MW, Wilkins S, Ashworth M, Davidson JE, McDowell H, Cleary AG. Peripheral T-cell lymphoma in a five year old. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008; 50:145-7. [PMID: 17009219 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.21055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We report a case presenting with persistent pyrexia that led to the diagnosis of peripheral T-cell lymphoma, a rare malignancy in childhood. The case illustrates diagnostic conundrums in a patient who is not responding as expected to treatment.
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31
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Cobo F, Talavera P, Busquier H, Concha A. CNK/T-cell brain lymphoma associated with Epstein-Barr virus in a patient with AIDS. Neuropathology 2007; 27:396-402. [PMID: 17899696 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1789.2007.00784.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report a case of extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type, with exclusive cerebral localization in a patient with AIDS. The patient presented with neurological alterations, fever and convulsions, so the initial presumptive diagnosis was an opportunistic brain infection. MRI showed a left parietal necrotic lesion and a stereotactic brain biopsy was performed for pathological, microbiological and molecular studies. Histological sections showed an angiocentric and angiodestructive growth pattern and the immunophenotype of this tumor was CD56+, CD45+, CD3+ (cytoplasmic), Granzyme B+ and Perforin+. All the microbiological studies such as bacterial, fungi, micobacteria, Toxoplasma gondii and Cryptococcus determination were negatives. A PCR study with primer specific for EBV viral genome of Bam-Hi-w system was positive. Also, a rearrangement study showed T-cell gene rearrangement with monoclonal appearance. A diagnosis of extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma was made and the patient died a few days later. This case represents a very rare example of NK/T-cell lymphoma of the brain in a patient with AIDS. The diagnosis of this kind of lymphomas requires a multimodality approach correlating clinical, morphological, immunophenotypic and molecular data.
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MESH Headings
- AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/pathology
- Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications
- Adult
- Brain Neoplasms/genetics
- Brain Neoplasms/metabolism
- Brain Neoplasms/pathology
- Brain Neoplasms/virology
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/complications
- Gene Rearrangement, T-Lymphocyte
- Hepatitis C/complications
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/genetics
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Killer Cells, Natural/pathology
- Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/genetics
- Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/pathology
- Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/virology
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/virology
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Male
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Cobo
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Bank, Infectious Pathology Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Avda Fuerzas Armadas, 2,18014 Granada, Spain.
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32
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Rossi MR, Laduca J, Cowell JK, Srivastava BIS, Matsui S. Genomic analysis of CD8+ NK/T cell line, 'SRIK-NKL', with array-based CGH (aCGH), SKY/FISH and molecular mapping. Leuk Res 2007; 32:455-63. [PMID: 17640729 PMCID: PMC2855542 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2007.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2007] [Revised: 04/24/2007] [Accepted: 04/25/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We performed aCGH, SKY/FISH, molecular mapping and expression analyses on a permanent CD8+ NK/T cell line, 'SRIK-NKL' established from a lymphoma (ALL) patient, in attempt to define the fundamental genetic profile of its unique NK phenotypes. aCGH revealed hemizygous deletion of 6p containing genes responsible for hematopoietic functions. The SKY demonstrated that a constitutive reciprocal translocation, rcpt(5;14)(p13.2;q11) is a stable marker. Using somatic hybrids containing der(5) derived from SRIK-NKL, we found that the breakpoint in one homologue of no. 5 is located upstream of IL7R and also that the breakpoint in no. 14 is located within TRA@. The FISH analysis using a BAC which contains TRA@ and its flanking region further revealed a approximately 231kb deletion within 14q11 in the der(5) but not in the normal homologue of no. 14. The RT-PCR analysis detected mRNA for TRA@ transcripts which were extending across, but not including, the deleted region. IL7R was detected at least at mRNA levels. These findings were consistent with the immunological findings that TRA@ and IL7R are both expressed at mRNA levels and TRA@ at cytoplasmic protein levels in SRIK-NKL cells. In addition to rcpt(5;14), aCGH identified novel copy number abnormalities suggesting that the unique phenotype of the SRIK-NKL cell line is not solely due to the TRA@ rearrangement. These findings provide supportive evidence for the notion that SRIK-NKL cells may be useful for studying not only the function of NK cells but also genetic deregulations associated with leukemiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Rossi
- SKY Core Facility, Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, United States
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33
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Scquizzato E, Teramo A, Miorin M, Facco M, Piazza F, Noventa F, Trentin L, Agostini C, Zambello R, Semenzato G. Genotypic evaluation of killer immunoglobulin-like receptors in NK-type lymphoproliferative disease of granular lymphocytes. Leukemia 2007; 21:1060-9. [PMID: 17361229 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based sequence-specific primers, the killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genotypes of 35 patients with natural killer (NK)-type lymphoproliferative disease of granular lymphocytes and of 50 normal subjects were investigated to evaluate whether genes coding for activating KIRs were more frequently detected in patients with NK-lymphoproliferative disease of granular lymphocytes (LDGL). Genotype frequency indicated that the most frequently found gene content was eight genes in controls and 14 in patients (P<0.05). The KIR genotype analysis revealed that patient and, surprisingly, control KIR genotypes preferentially consisted of type B haplotypes characterized by the presence of multiple-activating KIRs. Evidence was also provided that the same KIR genotype was shared by a variable number of patients. Interestingly, the recurrent genotypes observed in the patient group were not found in controls. Concerning inhibitory genes, KIR2DL5a and 2DL5b were more frequently detected in patients than in controls (P<0.01), likely representing a discrete feature of the genetic repertoire of the patients. KIR gene repertoire analysis in patients suggests that the susceptibility to NK-LDGL might be related to the presence of activating KIR genes and supports the concept that these receptors may be involved in the priming of granular lymphocytes (GL) proliferation. Population analysis might disclose a genetic background predisposing to this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Scquizzato
- Padua University School of Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padova, Italy
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Stokkermans-Dubois J, Jouary T, Vergier B, Delaunay MM, Taieb A. A case of primary cutaneous nasal type NK/T-cell lymphoma and review of the literature. Dermatology 2007; 213:345-9. [PMID: 17135744 DOI: 10.1159/000096201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2006] [Accepted: 05/25/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma subtypes are now better identified thanks to progress in immunohistochemistry. This article describes a new case of primary cutaneous natural killer/T-cell lymphoma of nasal type (NKTL-NT) and reviews 18 other cases of this rare neoplasm. CASE REPORT A 79-year-old man presented with a 3-cm nodular tumor of the left leg occurring on a primary chronic lymphedema of the legs. The lesion was CD56+, CD3 intracytoplasmic+, CD45+ and Epstein-Barr virus+. A comprehensive workup including CT scan and bone marrow biopsy was negative and a diagnosis of NKTL-NT with a primary cutaneous involvement was made. The patient was free of disease under multi-agent chemotherapy after 24 months of follow-up. DISCUSSION After reviewing 18 other cases of primary cutaneous NKTL-NT, we conclude that the prognosis of these lymphomas is usually poor. However, limited cutaneous forms have a longer median survival than extracutaneous variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Stokkermans-Dubois
- Skin and Cancer Unit, Department of Dermatology, Saint André Hospital, Bordeaux, France
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35
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Stamatopoulos K, Economidou D, Papadaki T, Vadikolia C, Papathanasiou M, Memmos D, Fassas A. Large granular lymphocyte leukemia after renal transplantation: an immunologic, immunohistochemical, and genotypic study. Transplantation 2007; 83:102-3. [PMID: 17220805 DOI: 10.1097/01.tp.0000239189.45186.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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36
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Brüggemann M, White H, Gaulard P, Garcia-Sanz R, Gameiro P, Oeschger S, Jasani B, Ott M, Delsol G, Orfao A, Tiemann M, Herbst H, Langerak AW, Spaargaren M, Moreau E, Groenen PJTA, Sambade C, Foroni L, Carter GI, Hummel M, Bastard C, Davi F, Delfau-Larue MH, Kneba M, van Dongen JJM, Beldjord K, Molina TJ. Powerful strategy for polymerase chain reaction-based clonality assessment in T-cell malignancies Report of the BIOMED-2 Concerted Action BHM4 CT98-3936. Leukemia 2006; 21:215-21. [PMID: 17170730 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assessment of clonal T-cell receptor (TCR) and immunoglobulin (Ig) gene rearrangements is an important diagnostic tool in mature T-cell neoplasms. However, lack of standardized primers and PCR protocols has hampered comparability of data in previous clonality studies. To obtain reference values for Ig/TCR rearrangement patterns, 19 European laboratories investigated 188 T-cell malignancies belonging to five World Health Organization-defined entities. The TCR/Ig spectrum of each sample was analyzed in duplicate in two different laboratories using the standardized BIOMED-2 PCR multiplex tubes accompanied by international pathology panel review. TCR clonality was detected in 99% (143/145) of all definite cases of T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia, T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia, peripheral T-cell lymphoma (unspecified) and angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AILT), whereas nine of 43 anaplastic large cell lymphomas did not show clonal TCR rearrangements. Combined use of TCRB and TCRG genes revealed two or more clonal signals in 95% of all TCR clonal cases. Ig clonality was mostly restricted to AILT. Our study indicates that the BIOMED-2 multiplex PCR tubes provide a powerful strategy for clonality assessment in T-cell malignancies assisting the firm diagnosis of T-cell neoplasms. The detected TCR gene rearrangements can also be used as PCR targets for monitoring of minimal residual disease.
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MESH Headings
- Gene Amplification
- Gene Rearrangement
- Genes, Immunoglobulin
- Genotype
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Leukemia, Prolymphocytic/genetics
- Leukemia, Prolymphocytic/immunology
- Leukemia, Prolymphocytic/pathology
- Leukemia, T-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, T-Cell/immunology
- Leukemia, T-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/immunology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/immunology
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/pathology
- Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- M Brüggemann
- Medical Clinic II, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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37
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Majeed M, Kovarik P, Puttaswamy S, Borkowsky S. Panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma with an unusual clinical presentation. Leuk Lymphoma 2006; 47:1696-8. [PMID: 16966291 DOI: 10.1080/10428190600625125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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38
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Aribi A, Huh Y, Keating M, O'brien S, Ferrajoli A, Faderl S, Wierda W, Kantarjian H, Ravandi F. T-cell large granular lymphocytic (T-LGL) leukemia: experience in a single institution over 8 years. Leuk Res 2006; 31:939-45. [PMID: 17045649 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2006.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2006] [Revised: 09/01/2006] [Accepted: 09/02/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
T-cell large granular lymphocytic (T-LGL) leukemia is characterized by cytopenia and clonal proliferation of large granular lymphocytes. We identified 26 patients with T-LGL leukemia seen at our institution over a period of 8 years. The majority of the patients were asymptomatic at diagnosis. Nine patients were treated with cyclosporine; one achieved a complete remission, and four had a hematological response. Other treatment modalities included single agent alemtuzumab, alemtuzumab combined with pentostatin, fludarabine, and combination of fludarabine and cyclophosphamide. Significant responses were not seen with any of these treatment regimens. We conclude that cyclosporine therapy may be beneficial for T-LGL leukemia patients. New treatment modalities are needed for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Aribi
- Department of Leukemia, Unit 428, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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39
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Dellon ES, Morris SR, Tang W, Dunphy CH, Russo MW. Acute liver failure due to natural killer-like T-cell leukemia/lymphoma: A case report and review of the Literature. World J Gastroenterol 2006; 12:4089-92. [PMID: 16810767 PMCID: PMC4087729 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v12.i25.4089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute liver failure (ALF) is a medical emergency requiring immediate evaluation for liver transplantation. We describe an unusual case of a patient who presented with ascites, jaundice, and encephalopathy and was found to have ALF due to natural killer (NK)-like T cell leukemia/lymphoma. The key immunophenotype was CD2+, CD3+, CD7+, CD56+. This diagnosis, which was based on findings in the peripheral blood and ascitic fluid, was confirmed with liver biopsy, and was a contraindication to liver transplantation. A review of the literature shows that hematologic malignancies are an uncommon cause of fulminant hepatic failure, and that NK-like T-cell leukemia/lymphoma is a relatively recently recognized entity which is characteristically CD3+ and CD56+. This case demonstrates that liver biopsy is essential in diagnosing unusual causes of acute liver failure, and that infiltration of the liver with NK-like T-cell lymphoma/leukemia can cause acute liver failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan S Dellon
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, CB#7080, Bioinformatics Bldg, Rm 1140, 130 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7080, United States.
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40
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Pol-Rodriguez MM, Fox LP, Sulis ML, Miller IJ, Garzon MC. Extranodal nasal-type natural killer T-cell lymphoma in an adolescent from Bangladesh. J Am Acad Dermatol 2006; 54:S192-7. [PMID: 16631938 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2005.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2004] [Revised: 06/23/2005] [Accepted: 07/07/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK)-cell neoplasms are relatively uncommon tumors. Classification schemes prior to that of the World Health Organization (2001) did not account clearly for these neoplasms. Advances in immunohematology over the past 10 years have aided in the recognition and categorization of NK-cell tumors. One type of tumor that belongs to this class is extranodal, nasal-type NK/T-cell lymphoma. These lymphoma cells express a cytotoxic T-cell or NK-cell phenotype, including CD56 and TIA-1. Nasal-type NK/T-cell lymphomas arise from extranasal sites such as the skin and are often associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection. Asian adults are affected most commonly. Very few pediatric cases are reported in the literature, of which only 5 presented with cutaneous involvement. We report a case of an adolescent Bangladeshi boy with extranodal, nasal-type NK/T-cell lymphoma who had cutaneous nodules on the extremities.
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41
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Abstract
Primary lymphoma of the lung is rare and is usually of B cell type. Tissue samplings taken by transbronchial biopsy and computed tomographic (CT) guided needle biopsy of the right perihilar area of an elderly woman who presented with refractory pneumonia showed T cell lymphocytosis with no evidence of active infection. The patient's respiratory status rapidly deteriorated and she eventually died. Post mortem examination revealed primary pulmonary T cell lymphoma with natural killer (NK) cell features. We present what may be the first case of primary NK/T cell pulmonary lymphoma and review the literature on the subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Laohaburanakit
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California, Davis, 4150 V Street Suite 3400, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
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42
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Reimer P, Rüdiger T, Wilhelm M. The Role of High-Dose Therapy in Peripheral T-Cell Lymphomas. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 6:373-9. [PMID: 16640812 DOI: 10.3816/clm.2006.n.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs) represent a heterogeneous group of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. With few exceptions (eg, anaplastic large-cell lymphoma expressing the anaplastic lymphoma kinase), PTCLs have generally been reported to have a worse prognosis compared with B-cell lymphomas. Despite the poor outcome after conventional therapy, the impact of high-dose therapy with autologous or allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) in these rare diseases is poorly defined mainly because of the lack of prospective PTCL-restricted studies. Most data exist for high-dose therapy with autologous SCT in relapsing or refractory disease. Because most studies showed similar results for PTCL compared with aggressive B-cell lymphomas in which high-dose therapy with autologous SCT is accepted as standard therapy, this approach seems appropriate in relapsing or refractory PTCL. Results for high-dose therapy with autologous SCT as first-line therapy mainly rely on studies on aggressive lymphomas that also included lymphomas of the T-cell phenotype. Our own recently published PTCL-restricted prospective study confirmed the feasibility with only moderate toxicity and a good response rate. Overall, patients with a good remission status after induction therapy exhibited a high complete response rate after transplantation, and at least a subgroup of patients remained in long-term remission. The greatest uncertainty exists for the impact of allogeneic SCT after high-dose therapy. In refractory or relapsing PTCL, this approach might improve the outcome for eligible patients, especially when using reduced-intensity conditioning. Overall, because data on high-dose therapy for PTCL are limited, larger and randomized studies are necessary to definitely confirm the preliminary results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Reimer
- Medizinische Poliklinik, University of Wuerzburg, Germany.
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43
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Procházka V, Papajík T, Jarošová M, Pikalová Z, Indrák K, Tichý M, Kučerová L, Fakan F, Bílý M, Starostka D. T-cell gamma/delta hepatosplenic lymphoma - prolonged remission induced by aggressive first line treatment. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2005. [DOI: 10.5507/bp.2005.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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44
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Luther N, Greenfield JP, Chadburn A, Schwartz TH. Intracranial Nasal Natural Killer/T-cell Lymphoma: Immunopathologically-Confirmed Case and Review of Literature. J Neurooncol 2005; 75:185-8. [PMID: 16283442 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-005-1862-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Advances in immunophenotypic profiling now permit characterization of natural killer/T-cell (NK/T-cell) lymphoma as distinct from other extranodal T- and B-cell Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. NK/T-cell lymphoma presents most commonly in the nasal cavity. Disease progression to the central nervous system (CNS) is a rare phenomenon. We present here, to our knowledge, the first immunophenotypically-confirmed case of direct extension of nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma to the brain. In addition, we review the literature with respect to NK/T-cell lymphoma metastasis to the CNS. The overall prevalence of NK/T-cell lymphoma CNS metastasis is less than 3%. Although rare, CNS invasion portends a poor prognosis, emphasizing the importance of early and accurate immunophenotype profiling and the need for novel, aggressive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal Luther
- Department of Neurological Surgery, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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45
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Fujii K, Kondo T, Yokoo H, Yamada T, Matsuno Y, Iwatsuki K, Hirohashi S. Protein expression pattern distinguishes different lymphoid neoplasms. Proteomics 2005; 5:4274-86. [PMID: 16206328 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200401286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
To identify proteins associated with the histological subtypes of lymphoid neoplasms, we studied the proteomes of 42 cell lines from human lymphoid neoplasms including Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL; four cell lines), B cell malignancies (19 cell lines), T cell malignancies (16 cell lines), and natural killer (NK) cell lymphoma (three cell lines). The protein spots were sequentially selected by (i) Wilcoxon or Kruskal-Wallis tests to find the spots whose intensity was significantly (p <0.05) different among the cell line groups, (ii) by statistical-learning methods to prioritize the spots according to their contribution to the classification, and (iii) by unsupervised classification methods to validate the classification robustness by the selected spots. The selected spots discriminated (i) between HL cells and other cells, (ii) between the cells from B cell malignancies, T cell malignancies, and NK cell lymphoma cells, and (iii) between HL cells and anaplastic large cell lymphoma cells. Among the 31 informative protein spots, MS identified 24 proteins corresponding to 23 spots. Previous reports did not correlate these proteins to lymphocyte differentiation, suggesting that a proteomic study would identify the novel mechanisms responsible for the histogenesis of lymphoid neoplasms. These proteins may have potential as differential diagnostic markers for lymphoid neoplasms.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional
- Hodgkin Disease/diagnosis
- Hodgkin Disease/metabolism
- Humans
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Lymphoma/diagnosis
- Lymphoma/metabolism
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/diagnosis
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/metabolism
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/diagnosis
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/metabolism
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/diagnosis
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/metabolism
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Multivariate Analysis
- Proteome/metabolism
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyasu Fujii
- Cancer Proteomics Project, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
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46
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Savopoulos CG, Tsesmeli NE, Kaiafa GD, Zantidis AT, Bobos MT, Hatzitolios AI, Papavramidis ST, Kostopoulos IS. Primary pancreatic anaplastic large cell lymphoma, ALK negative: A case report. World J Gastroenterol 2005; 11:6221-4. [PMID: 16273656 PMCID: PMC4436646 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v11.i39.6221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We present the fourth case of a primary pancreatic anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), ALK-. An 80-year-old man was admitted to our clinic for further investigation of a fever of unknown origin. He noted anorexia, weight loss and fatigue. His laboratory tests showed anemia and a great elevation of ESR, LDH, and β2 microglobulin. In CT and MRI scan, a soft tissue mass in the pancreas was observed. A repeated endoscopy after his admission revealed an ulcerated mass-like deformity of the duodenal bulb. Explorative laparotomy confirmed a diffuse spread of an unresectable malignant pancreatic mass extending to the adjacent organs. Duodenal and surgical biopsies identified an ALCL of T-cell lineage, ALK-. The patient died in the Intensive Care Unit due to hemodynamic instability. Our case is the first one indicating that primary pancreatic lymphoma should be suspected in a patient with pancreatic mass and elevated serum LDH and β2 microglobulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos-G Savopoulos
- 1(st) Medical Propedeutic Department, AHEPA Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, St. Kyriakidi 1, Thessaloniki 54636, Greece.
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47
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Wlodarski MW, O'Keefe C, Howe EC, Risitano AM, Rodriguez A, Warshawsky I, Loughran TP, Maciejewski JP. Pathologic clonal cytotoxic T-cell responses: nonrandom nature of the T-cell–receptor restriction in large granular lymphocyte leukemia. Blood 2005; 106:2769-80. [PMID: 15914562 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2004-10-4045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractT-cell large granular lymphocyte (T-LGL) leukemia is a clonal lymphoproliferation of cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) associated with cytopenias. T-LGL proliferation seems to be triggered/sustained by antigenic drive; it is likely that hematopoietic progenitors are the targets in this process. The antigen-specific portion of the T-cell receptor (TCR), the variable beta (VB)–chain complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3), can serve as a molecular signature (clonotype) of a T-cell clone. We hypothesized that clonal CTL proliferation develops not randomly but in the context of an autoimmune response. We identified the clonotypic sequence of T-LGL clones in 60 patients, including 56 with known T-LGL and 4 with unspecified neutropenia. Our method also allowed for the measurement of clonal frequencies; a decrease in or loss of the pathogenic clonotype and restoration of the TCR repertoire was found after hematologic remission. We identified 2 patients with identical immunodominant CDR3 sequence. Moreover, we found similarity between multiple immunodominant clonotypes and codominant as well as a nonexpanded, “supporting” clonotypes. The data suggest a nonrandom clonal selection in T-LGL, possibly driven by a common antigen. In contrast, the physiologic clonal CTL repertoire is highly diverse and we were not able to detect any significant clonal sharing in 26 healthy controls.
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48
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Muñoz FJ, Capurro S, Colomo L. [A 72 year-old man with chronic rhinosinusal lesions]. Med Clin (Barc) 2005; 125:428-35. [PMID: 16216191 DOI: 10.1157/13079385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Muñoz
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital de Mollet, Mollet, Barcelona, Spain
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49
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Lee MY, Tsou MH, Tan TD, Lu MC. Clinicopathological analysis of T-cell lymphoma in Taiwan according to WHO classification: high incidence of enteropathy-type intestinal T-cell lymphoma. Eur J Haematol 2005; 75:221-6. [PMID: 16104878 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.2005.00495.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The clinicopathological characteristics of malignant lymphomas vary according to geography, especially for the T-cell lymphoma (TCL). The aim of this study is to demonstrate the incidence and clinicopathological characteristics of TCL in Taiwan according to WHO classification. METHODS Archival tissue from 600 malignant lymphomas during the period of 1995-2002 was retrieved, there were 74 cases diagnosed with TCL. Hematoxylin and eosin slides stained and other special studies were reviewed. All cases were reclassified according to the WHO classification. Clinical data, including age, gender, clinical staging, and follow-up, were scrutinized. RESULTS There were 52 males and 22 females with male predilectation. The incidence of TCL in malignant lymphoma was 12.3%. The most prevalent histologic subtype was peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL), followed by nasal T-cell/Natural killer- (T-/NK-) cell lymphoma, T-lymphoblastic lymphoma (LBL), anaplastic large cell lymphoma, and enteropathy-type intestinal lymphoma (ETCL). Clinically, 39 cases (49%) had higher clinical stage (III/IV). Overall 2-year and 5-year survival rate was 51.4% and 34.7%, respectively. It was noteworthy that ETCL had high incidence rate (8.1%) and high mortality. There was significant difference in survival rates in respect of clinical stages and histological subtypes. CONCLUSIONS TCL is relatively less frequent in Taiwan, compared to other countries in Asian and western countries. The most common histological subtypes are PTCL, unspecified and T-/NK-cell lymphoma. Five-year survival rate is 34.7%. ETCL has higher incidence rate in Taiwan. The clinical stage and histological subtypes are prognostic parameters in determining the survival rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yuan Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Services, Koo Foundation Sun Yat-Sen Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
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50
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Okano M, Kawa K, Kimura H, Yachie A, Wakiguchi H, Maeda A, Imai S, Ohga S, Kanegane H, Tsuchiya S, Morio T, Mori M, Yokota S, Imashuku S. Proposed guidelines for diagnosing chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection. Am J Hematol 2005; 80:64-9. [PMID: 16138335 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.20398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Since the initial report of unusual manifestations possibly associated with chronic active Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection (CAEBV), nearly three decades have passed. During this period, reported cases with this entity have dramatically increased in the world. Additionally, recent development of diagnostic procedures, including molecular biological and immunological techniques, have provided us with the ability to define certain diseases, especially malignant disorders. Guidelines, derived mainly from the current literature and recent experiences with CAEBV in Japan, for diagnosing CAEBV are proposed to clarify this enigmatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motohiko Okano
- Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University Hospital, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
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