1
|
Wei X, Wang W, Yin Q, Li H, Ahmed A, Ullah R, Li W, Jing L. In Vivo Chemical Screening in Zebrafish Embryos Identified FDA-Approved Drugs That Induce Differentiation of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7798. [PMID: 39063039 PMCID: PMC11277044 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized by the abnormal proliferation and differentiation arrest of myeloid progenitor cells. The clinical treatment of AML remains challenging. Promoting AML cell differentiation is a valid strategy, but effective differentiation drugs are lacking for most types of AML. In this study, we generated Tg(drl:hoxa9) zebrafish, in which hoxa9 overexpression was driven in hematopoietic cells and myeloid differentiation arrest was exhibited. Using Tg(drl:hoxa9) embryos, we performed chemical screening and identified four FDA-approved drugs, ethacrynic acid, khellin, oxcarbazepine, and alendronate, that efficiently restored myeloid differentiation. The four drugs also induced AML cell differentiation, with ethacrynic acid being the most effective. By an RNA-seq analysis, we found that during differentiation, ethacrynic acid activated the IL-17 and MAPK signaling pathways, which are known to promote granulopoiesis. Furthermore, we found that ethacrynic acid enhanced all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-induced differentiation, and both types of signaling converged on the IL-17/MAPK pathways. Inhibiting the IL-17/MAPK pathways impaired ethacrynic acid and ATRA-induced differentiation. In addition, we showed that ethacrynic acid is less toxic to embryogenesis and less disruptive to normal hematopoiesis than ATRA. Thus, the combination of ethacrynic acid and ATRA may have broader clinical applications. In conclusion, through zebrafish-aided screening, our study identified four drugs that can be repurposed to induce AML differentiation, thus providing new agents for AML therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Wei
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (X.W.); (Q.Y.); (H.L.); (A.A.); (R.U.)
| | - Wei Wang
- Nanozyme Medical Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
| | - Qianlan Yin
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (X.W.); (Q.Y.); (H.L.); (A.A.); (R.U.)
| | - Hongji Li
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (X.W.); (Q.Y.); (H.L.); (A.A.); (R.U.)
| | - Abrar Ahmed
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (X.W.); (Q.Y.); (H.L.); (A.A.); (R.U.)
| | - Rahat Ullah
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (X.W.); (Q.Y.); (H.L.); (A.A.); (R.U.)
| | - Wei Li
- Core Facility and Technical Service Center, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lili Jing
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (X.W.); (Q.Y.); (H.L.); (A.A.); (R.U.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
UBC9 inhibits myeloid differentiation in collaboration with AML1-MTG8. Int J Hematol 2022; 115:686-693. [DOI: 10.1007/s12185-022-03303-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
3
|
Wang S, Lv W, Li T, Zhang S, Wang H, Li X, Wang L, Ma D, Zang Y, Shen J, Xu Y, Wei W. Dynamic regulation and functions of mRNA m6A modification. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:48. [PMID: 35093087 PMCID: PMC8800407 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02452-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractN6-Methyladenosine (m6A), the most abundant internal modification associated with eukaryotic mRNAs, has emerged as a dynamic regulatory mechanism controlling the expression of genes involved in many physiological activities by affecting various steps of mRNA metabolism, including splicing, export, translation, and stability. Here, we review the general role of m6A, highlighting recent advances related to the three major types enzymes that determine the level of m6A modification (i.e., writers, erasers, and readers) and the regulatory mechanism by which m6A influences multiple stages of RNA metabolism. This review clarifies the close connection and interaction between m6A modification and nuclear gene expression, and provides key background information for further studies of its roles in numerous physiological and pathophysiological processes. Among them, perhaps the most eye-catching process is tumorigenesis. Clarifying the molecular mechanism of tumorigenesis, development and metastasis in various tissues of the human body is conducive to curbing out-of-control cell activities from the root and providing a new strategy for human beings to defeat tumors.
Collapse
|
4
|
Zheng QK, Ma C, Ullah I, Hu K, Ma RJ, Zhang N, Sun ZG. Roles of N6-Methyladenosine Demethylase FTO in Malignant Tumors Progression. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:4837-4846. [PMID: 34556998 PMCID: PMC8453432 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s329232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2007, the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene was discovered initially to regulate body mass index and obesity and was subsequently found to be the first mRNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) demethylation enzyme, which can demethylate m6A. A growing body of evidence shows that m6A modification is involved in a variety of cell biological processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, and self-renewal through different regulatory mechanisms. In recent years, a large number of studies have found that m6A modification play key role in the occurrence and development of tumors, such as acute myeloid leukemia, breast cancer, lung cancer, etc. As a function of m6A demethylase, FTO has attracted more and more attention in cancer. There is evidence that specific FTO single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) may be significantly associated with overweight and cancer susceptibility by regulating the expression of related genes. Besides, when the expression level of FTO is altered or dysfunctional, it may be involved in the occurrence and progression of a variety of tumors as a tumor suppressor gene or oncogene, usually in an m6A-dependent manner. Further research found that FTO is involved in the development of different kinds of malignant tumors, but the mechanism is unknown. According to this review, The FTO gene's research progress in tumors is reviewed, aiming to find new targets for molecular pathological diagnosis and molecular targeted therapy of tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Kang Zheng
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Ma
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, People's Republic of China
| | - Irfan Ullah
- Department of Surgery, Khyber Medical University Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Kang Hu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Jie Ma
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Gang Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kumar S, Nagpal R, Kumar A, Ashraf MU, Bae YS. Immunotherapeutic Potential of m6A-Modifiers and MicroRNAs in Controlling Acute Myeloid Leukaemia. Biomedicines 2021; 9:690. [PMID: 34207299 PMCID: PMC8234128 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9060690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic alterations have contributed greatly to human carcinogenesis. Conventional epigenetic studies have been predominantly focused on DNA methylation, histone modifications, and chromatin remodelling. Epitranscriptomics is an emerging field that encompasses the study of RNA modifications that do not affect the RNA sequence but affect functionality via a series of RNA binding proteins called writer, reader and eraser. Several kinds of epi-RNA modifications are known, such as 6-methyladenosine (m6A), 5-methylcytidine (m5C), and 1-methyladenosine. M6A modification is the most studied and has large therapeutic implications. In this review, we have summarised the therapeutic potential of m6A-modifiers in controlling haematological disorders, especially acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). AML is a type of blood cancer affecting specific subsets of blood-forming hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs), which proliferate rapidly and acquire self-renewal capacities with impaired terminal cell-differentiation and apoptosis leading to abnormal accumulation of white blood cells, and thus, an alternative therapeutic approach is required urgently. Here, we have described how RNA m6A-modification machineries EEE (Editor/writer: Mettl3, Mettl14; Eraser/remover: FTO, ALKBH5, and Effector/reader: YTHDF-1/2) could be reformed into potential druggable candidates or as RNA-modifying drugs (RMD) to treat leukaemia. Moreover, we have shed light on the role of microRNAs and suppressors of cytokine signalling (SOCS/CISH) in increasing anti-tumour immunity towards leukaemia. We anticipate, our investigation will provide fundamental knowledge in nurturing the potential of RNA modifiers in discovering novel therapeutics or immunotherapeutic procedures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
- Science Research Center (SRC) for Immune Research on Non-lymphoid Organ (CIRNO), Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Ravinder Nagpal
- Department of Nutrition & Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA;
| | - Amit Kumar
- Medical Writer, Quebec City, QC G1X 3E1, Canada;
| | - Muhammad Umer Ashraf
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
- Science Research Center (SRC) for Immune Research on Non-lymphoid Organ (CIRNO), Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Yong-Soo Bae
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
- Science Research Center (SRC) for Immune Research on Non-lymphoid Organ (CIRNO), Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Retinoids in hematology: a timely revival? Blood 2021; 137:2429-2437. [PMID: 33651885 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020010100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The retinoic acid receptors (RARA, RARB, and RARG) are ligand-regulated nuclear receptors that act as transcriptional switches. These master genes drew significant interest in the 1990s because of their key roles in embryogenesis and involvement in a rare malignancy, acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), in which the RARA (and very rarely, RARG or RARB) genes are rearranged, underscoring the central role of deregulated retinoid signaling in leukemogenesis. Several recent provocative observations have revived interest in the roles of retinoids in non-APL acute myeloid leukemia (AML), as well as in normal hematopoietic differentiation. We review the role of retinoids in hematopoiesis, as well as in the treatment of non-APL AMLs. From this perspective, broader uses of retinoids in the management of hematopoietic tumors are discussed.
Collapse
|
7
|
Jing JJ, Zhao X, Li H, Sun LP, Yuan Y. Expression profiles and prognostic roles of m6A writers, erasers and readers in gastric cancer. FUTURE ONCOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 17:2605-2620. [PMID: 33878934 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2020-0630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Aim: To explore the expression profiles of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) enzymes (writers, erasers and readers) and their associations with gastric cancer (GC) prognosis. Methods: Gene expression was analyzed using the UALCAN and Oncomine web resources. The prognostic roles of these genes in GC were analyzed using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Results: Thirteen m6A enzymes were found to be upregulated in GC tissues. The expression of m6A writers METTL3, RBM15 and WTAP was associated with pathological stage. The m6A eraser FTO was related to tumor stage and ALKBH5 expression was related to GC prognosis. The m6A reader YTHDF3 expression was associated with tumor stage. YTHDC2 was associated with survival of GC patients. Conclusion: Abnormal changes of key genes involved in m6A RNA methylation may have an important impact on GC development and prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Jing
- Tumor Etiology & Screening Department of Cancer Institute & General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology & Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.,Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology & Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Mathematical Computer Teaching & Research Office, Liaoning Vocational College of Medicine, Shenyang, 110101, China
| | - Hao Li
- Tumor Etiology & Screening Department of Cancer Institute & General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology & Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.,Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology & Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Li-Ping Sun
- Tumor Etiology & Screening Department of Cancer Institute & General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology & Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.,Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology & Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Tumor Etiology & Screening Department of Cancer Institute & General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology & Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.,Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology & Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang JY, Chen LJ, Qiang P. The Potential Role of N6-Methyladenosine (m6A) Demethylase Fat Mass and Obesity-Associated Gene (FTO) in Human Cancers. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:12845-12856. [PMID: 33364780 PMCID: PMC7751723 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s283417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) demethylase fat mass and obesity-associated gene(FTO), previously recognized to be related with obesity and diabetes, was gradually discovered to be dysregulated in multiple cancers and plays an oncogenic or tumor-suppressive role. However, the specific expression and pro- or anti-cancer role of FTO in various cancers remained controversial. In this review, through summarizing the available literature, we found that FTO single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were closely related with cancer risk. Additionally, the dysregulation of FTO was implicated in multiple biological processes, such as cancer cell apoptosis, proliferation, migration, invasion, metastasis, cell-cycle, differentiation, stem cell self-renewal and so on. These modulations mostly relied on the communications between FTO and specific signaling pathways, including PI3K/AKT, MAPK and mTOR signaling pathways. Furthermore, FTO had great potential for clinical application by serving as a prognostic biomarker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhangjiagang First People's Hospital, Zhangjiagang Jiangsu 215600, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Juan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhangjiagang First People's Hospital, Zhangjiagang Jiangsu 215600, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Qiang
- Department of Gynecology, Zhangjiagang First People's Hospital, Zhangjiagang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu 215600, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Szymański Ł, Skopek R, Palusińska M, Schenk T, Stengel S, Lewicki S, Kraj L, Kamiński P, Zelent A. Retinoic Acid and Its Derivatives in Skin. Cells 2020; 9:E2660. [PMID: 33322246 PMCID: PMC7764495 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The retinoids are a group of compounds including vitamin A and its active metabolite all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA). Retinoids regulate a variety of physiological functions in multiple organ systems, are essential for normal immune competence, and are involved in the regulation of cell growth and differentiation. Vitamin A derivatives have held promise in cancer treatment and ATRA is used in differentiation therapy of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). ATRA and other retinoids have also been successfully applied in a variety of dermatological conditions such as skin cancer, psoriasis, acne, and ichthyosis. Moreover, modulation of retinoic acid receptors and retinoid X (or rexinoid) receptors function may affect dermal cells. The studies using complex genetic models with various combinations of retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and retinoid X (or rexinoid) receptors (RXRs) indicate that retinoic acid and its derivatives have therapeutic potential for a variety of serious dermatological disorders including some malignant conditions. Here, we provide a synopsis of the main advances in understanding the role of ATRA and its receptors in dermatology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Szymański
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Science, Postępu 36A, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland; (Ł.S.); (R.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Rafał Skopek
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Science, Postępu 36A, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland; (Ł.S.); (R.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Małgorzata Palusińska
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Science, Postępu 36A, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland; (Ł.S.); (R.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Tino Schenk
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Clinic of Internal Medicine II, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany;
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biomedicine Jena (CMB), Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Sven Stengel
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Disease, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany;
| | - Sławomir Lewicki
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences, Kazimierz Pulaski University of Technology and Humanities, 26-600 Radom, Poland
| | - Leszek Kraj
- Department of Oncology, Medical University of Warsaw, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Paweł Kamiński
- Department of Gynecology and Oncological Gynecology, Military Institute of Medicine, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Arthur Zelent
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Science, Postępu 36A, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland; (Ł.S.); (R.S.); (M.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
NTAL is associated with treatment outcome, cell proliferation and differentiation in acute promyelocytic leukemia. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10315. [PMID: 32587277 PMCID: PMC7316767 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66223-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-T cell activation linker (NTAL) is a lipid raft-membrane protein expressed by normal and leukemic cells and involved in cell signaling. In acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), NTAL depletion from lipid rafts decreases cell viability through regulation of the Akt/PI3K pathway. The role of NTAL in APL cell processes, and its association with clinical outcome, has not, however, been established. Here, we show that reduced levels of NTAL were associated with increased all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-induced differentiation, generation of reactive oxygen species, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Additionally, NTAL-knockdown (NTAL-KD) in APL cell lines led to activation of Ras, inhibition of Akt/mTOR pathways, and increased expression of autophagy markers, leading to an increased apoptosis rate following arsenic trioxide treatment. Furthermore, NTAL-KD in NB4 cells decreased the tumor burden in (NOD scid gamma) NSG mice, suggesting its implication in tumor growth. A retrospective analysis of NTAL expression in a cohort of patients treated with ATRA and anthracyclines, revealed that NTAL overexpression was associated with a high leukocyte count (P = 0.007) and was independently associated with shorter overall survival (Hazard Ratio: 3.6; 95% Confidence Interval: 1.17-11.28; P = 0.026). Taken together, our data highlights the importance of NTAL in APL cell survival and response to treatment.
Collapse
|
11
|
[Study of the effects and mechanism of all-trans retinoic acid on leukemic cell line U937 cells with NPM1 mutation]. ZHONGHUA XUE YE XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA XUEYEXUE ZAZHI 2019; 38:863-868. [PMID: 29166739 PMCID: PMC7364968 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effect and mechanism of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on leukemic cell line U937 cells with NPM1 mutation. Methods: Human acute myeloid leukemia cell line U937 was explored, NPM1 mutated (A type) plasmids were transfected into U937 to form stable clones A1 and A2, which were identified by Western blot and Co-immunoprecipitation. The cell proliferation was measured by methylthiazolyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) ; cell cycle and cell apoptosis were explored by flow cytometric; cell colony formation was measured by microscope count, the molecular pathways related to cell proliferation were measured by Western blot. Results: ①The cell proliferations of mutant A1 and A2 were inhibited significantly by 52.6% and 35.8% (P<0.05) , respectively under ATRA exposure. ②The percentages of G(0)/G(1) stage of mutant A1 and A2 increased by 20.1% and 35.8%, respectively under ATRA exposure. ③All the U937 leukemic cells were inhibited under ATRA exposure; the decreased percentages of vector, wild-type and mutant NPM1 cells were 32.7%, 57.9% and 90.9% respectively. ④p-ERK decreased obviously after ATRA exposure in NPM1 mutated leukemic cells. ⑤More mutant NPM1 cells inclined to apoptosis under the exposure of ATRA and cytotoxic drugs than cytotoxic drugs alone, meanwhile more cells apoptosis occurred when ATRA was administrated after cytotoxic drugs exposure. Conclusions: ATRA could inhibit cell proliferation and colony formation, blocked the cell cycle in the G(0)/G(1) stage accompanied by the significant reduction of p-ERK in U937 leukemic cells with NPM1 mutation. Besides, ATRA could synergize with drugs to suppress the leukemic cells survival more effectively when ATRA was administered after the cytotoxic drugs exposure in U937 leukemic cells with NPM1 mutation.
Collapse
|
12
|
Ni X, Hu G, Cai X. The success and the challenge of all-trans retinoic acid in the treatment of cancer. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:S71-S80. [PMID: 30277803 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1509201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), an active metabolite of vitamin A, plays important roles in cell proliferation, cell differentiation, apoptosis, and embryonic development. The effects of ATRA are mediated by nuclear retinoid receptors as well as non-genomic signal pathway, such as MAPK and PKA. The great success of differentiation therapy with ATRA in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) not only improved the prognosis of APL but also spurred the studies of ATRA in the treatment of other tumors. Since the genetic and physiopathological simplicity of APL is not common in human malignancies, the combination of ATRA with other agents (chemotherapy, epigenetic modifiers, and arsenic trioxide, etc) had been extensively investigated in a variety of tumors. In this review, we will discuss in details about ATRA and its role in cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Ni
- a Department of General Surgery , Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Guohua Hu
- a Department of General Surgery , Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Xun Cai
- b Shanghai Institute of Hematology and State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics , Rui-jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Deng X, Su R, Weng H, Huang H, Li Z, Chen J. RNA N 6-methyladenosine modification in cancers: current status and perspectives. Cell Res 2018; 28:507-517. [PMID: 29686311 PMCID: PMC5951805 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-018-0034-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 512] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A), the most abundant internal modification in eukaryotic messenger RNAs (mRNAs), has been shown to play critical roles in various normal bioprocesses such as tissue development, stem cell self-renewal and differentiation, heat shock or DNA damage response, and maternal-to-zygotic transition. The m6A modification is deposited by the m6A methyltransferase complex (MTC; i.e., writer) composed of METTL3, METTL14 and WTAP, and probably also VIRMA and RBM15, and can be removed by m6A demethylases (i.e., erasers) such as FTO and ALKBH5. The fates of m6A-modified mRNAs rely on the functions of distinct proteins that recognize them (i.e., readers), which may affect the stability, splicing, and/or translation of target mRNAs. Given the functional importance of the m6A modification machinery in normal bioprocesses, it is not surprising that evidence is emerging that dysregulation of m6A modification and the associated proteins also contributes to the initiation, progression, and drug response of cancers. In this review, we focus on recent advances in the study of biological functions and the underlying molecular mechanisms of dysregulated m6A modification and the associated machinery in the pathogenesis and drug response of various types of cancers. In addition, we also discuss possible therapeutic interventions against the dysregulated m6A machinery to treat cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Deng
- Department of Systems Biology & the Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, The Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA, 91016, USA.
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45219, USA.
| | - Rui Su
- Department of Systems Biology & the Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, The Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA, 91016, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45219, USA
| | - Hengyou Weng
- Department of Systems Biology & the Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, The Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA, 91016, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45219, USA
| | - Huilin Huang
- Department of Systems Biology & the Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, The Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA, 91016, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45219, USA
| | - Zejuan Li
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Department of Systems Biology & the Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, The Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA, 91016, USA.
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45219, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Pan Y, Ma P, Liu Y, Li W, Shu Y. Multiple functions of m 6A RNA methylation in cancer. J Hematol Oncol 2018; 11:48. [PMID: 29587823 PMCID: PMC5870302 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-018-0590-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
First identified in 1974, m6A RNA methylation, which serves as a predominant internal modification of RNA in higher eukaryotes, has gained prodigious interest in recent years. Modifications of m6A are dynamic and reversible in mammalian cells, which have been proposed as another layer of epigenetic regulation similar to DNA and histone modifications. m6A RNA methylation is involved in all stages in the life cycle of RNA, ranging from RNA processing, through nuclear export, translation modulation to RNA degradation, which suggests its potential of influencing a plurality of aspects of RNA metabolism. All of the recent studies have pointed to a complicated regulation network of m6A modification in different tissues, cell lines, and space–time models. m6A methylation has been found to have an impact on tumor initiation and progression through various mechanisms. Furthermore, m6A RNA methylation has provided new opportunities for early stage diagnosis and treatment of cancers. Herein, we review the chemical basis of m6A RNA methylation, its multiple functions and potential significance in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yutian Pan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Ma
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Oncology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yongqian Shu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Oncology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Deng X, Su R, Feng X, Wei M, Chen J. Role of N 6-methyladenosine modification in cancer. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2018; 48:1-7. [PMID: 29040886 PMCID: PMC5869081 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
As the most abundant internal modification in eukaryotic messenger RNAs identified, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) has been shown recently to play essential roles in various normal bioprocesses. Evidence is emerging that m6A modification and its regulatory proteins also play critical roles in various cancers including leukemia, brain tumor, breast cancer and lung cancer, etc. For instance, FTO, the first m6A demethylase identified, has been reported recently to play an oncogenic role in leukemia and glioblastoma. ALKBH5 (another m6A demethylase) has been reported to exert a tumor-promoting function in glioblastoma and breast cancer. METTL3 (a major m6A methyltransferase) likely plays distinct roles between glioblastoma and lung cancer. Here we discuss the recent progress and future prospects in study of m6A machinery in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Deng
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; Department of Systems Biology & the Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, the Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA.
| | - Rui Su
- Department of Systems Biology & the Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, the Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA
| | - Xuesong Feng
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Minjie Wei
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Department of Systems Biology & the Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, the Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
The concept of differentiation therapy emerged from the fact that hormones or cytokines may promote differentiation ex vivo, thereby irreversibly changing the phenotype of cancer cells. Its hallmark success has been the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL), a condition that is now highly curable by the combination of retinoic acid (RA) and arsenic. Recently, drugs that trigger differentiation in a variety of primary tumour cells have been identified, suggesting that they are clinically useful. This Opinion article analyses the basis for the clinical successes of RA or arsenic in APL by assessing the respective roles of terminal maturation and loss of self-renewal. By reviewing other successful examples of drug-induced tumour cell differentiation, novel approaches to transform differentiating drugs into more efficient therapies are proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hugues de Thé
- Collège de France, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité (INSERM UMR 944, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; CNRS UMR 7212), Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, 75010 Paris; and Assistance Publique/Hôpitaux de Paris, Oncologie Moléculaire, Hôpital St Louis, 75010 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Deng X, Su R, Stanford S, Chen J. Critical Enzymatic Functions of FTO in Obesity and Cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:396. [PMID: 30105001 PMCID: PMC6077364 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been linked to increased body mass and obesity in humans by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) since 2007. Although some recent studies suggest that the obesity-related SNPs in FTO influence obesity susceptibility likely through altering the expression of the adjacent genes such as IRX3 and RPGRIP1L, rather than FTO itself, a solid link between the SNP risk genotype and the increased FTO expression in both human blood cells and fibroblasts has been reported. Moreover, multiple lines of evidence have demonstrated that FTO does play a critical role in the regulation of fat mass, adipogenesis, and body weight. Epidemiology studies also showed a strong association of FTO SNPs and overweight/obesity with increased risk of various types of cancers. As the first identified messenger RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) demethylase, FTO has been shown recently to play m6A-dependent roles in adipogenesis and tumorigenesis (especially in the development of leukemia and glioblastoma). Given the critical roles of FTO in cancers, the development of selective and effective inhibitors targeting FTO holds potential to treat cancers. This mini review discusses the roles and underlying molecular mechanisms of FTO in both obesity and cancers, and also summarizes recent advances in the development of FTO inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Deng
- Department of Systems Biology and The Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, Beckman Research Institute of City of HopeMonrovia, CA, United States
- School of PharmacyChina Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Rui Su
- Department of Systems Biology and The Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, Beckman Research Institute of City of HopeMonrovia, CA, United States
| | - Savanna Stanford
- Department of Systems Biology and The Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, Beckman Research Institute of City of HopeMonrovia, CA, United States
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Department of Systems Biology and The Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, Beckman Research Institute of City of HopeMonrovia, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Jianjun Chen
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Li Z, Weng H, Su R, Weng X, Zuo Z, Li C, Huang H, Nachtergaele S, Dong L, Hu C, Qin X, Tang L, Wang Y, Hong GM, Huang H, Wang X, Chen P, Gurbuxani S, Arnovitz S, Li Y, Li S, Strong J, Neilly MB, Larson RA, Jiang X, Zhang P, Jin J, He C, Chen J. FTO Plays an Oncogenic Role in Acute Myeloid Leukemia as a N 6-Methyladenosine RNA Demethylase. Cancer Cell 2017; 31:127-141. [PMID: 28017614 PMCID: PMC5234852 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2016.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1064] [Impact Index Per Article: 152.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
N6-Methyladenosine (m6A) represents the most prevalent internal modification in mammalian mRNAs. Despite its functional importance in various fundamental bioprocesses, the studies of m6A in cancer have been limited. Here we show that FTO, as an m6A demethylase, plays a critical oncogenic role in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). FTO is highly expressed in AMLs with t(11q23)/MLL rearrangements, t(15;17)/PML-RARA, FLT3-ITD, and/or NPM1 mutations. FTO enhances leukemic oncogene-mediated cell transformation and leukemogenesis, and inhibits all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA)-induced AML cell differentiation, through regulating expression of targets such as ASB2 and RARA by reducing m6A levels in these mRNA transcripts. Collectively, our study demonstrates the functional importance of the m6A methylation and the corresponding proteins in cancer, and provides profound insights into leukemogenesis and drug response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zejuan Li
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Hengyou Weng
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA
| | - Rui Su
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA
| | - Xiaocheng Weng
- Departments of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Hubei, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Zhixiang Zuo
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Chenying Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA; Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancies, Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Huilin Huang
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA
| | - Sigrid Nachtergaele
- Departments of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Lei Dong
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA
| | - Chao Hu
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA; Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancies, Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Xi Qin
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA
| | - Lichun Tang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yungui Wang
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA; Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancies, Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Gia-Ming Hong
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Hao Huang
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Xiao Wang
- Departments of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ping Chen
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Sandeep Gurbuxani
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Stephen Arnovitz
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Shenglai Li
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jennifer Strong
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA
| | - Mary Beth Neilly
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Richard A Larson
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Xi Jiang
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA
| | - Pumin Zhang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jie Jin
- Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancies, Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Chuan He
- Departments of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
LukS-PV induces differentiation by activating the ERK signaling pathway and c-JUN/c-FOS in human acute myeloid leukemia cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 76:107-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
20
|
Przespolewski A, Wang ES. Inhibitors of LSD1 as a potential therapy for acute myeloid leukemia. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2016; 25:771-80. [DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2016.1175432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
21
|
Zou S, Wang C, Cui Z, Guo P, Meng Q, Shi X, Gao Y, Yang G, Han Z. β-Elemene induces apoptosis of human rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes via reactive oxygen species-dependent activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. Pharmacol Rep 2016; 68:7-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
22
|
Wang R, Xia L, Gabrilove J, Waxman S, Jing Y. Sorafenib Inhibition of Mcl-1 Accelerates ATRA-Induced Apoptosis in Differentiation-Responsive AML Cells. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 22:1211-21. [PMID: 26459180 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-0663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE All trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) is successful in treating acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) by inducing terminal differentiation-mediated cell death, but it has limited activity in non-APL acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We aim to improve ATRA therapy of AML by enhancing apoptosis through repression of the antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Mcl-1. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN APL and AML cell lines, as well as primary AML samples, were used to explore the mechanisms regulating differentiation and apoptosis during ATRA treatment. Stable transfection and gene silencing with siRNA were used to identify the key factors that inhibit apoptosis during induction of differentiation and drugs that accelerate apoptosis. RESULTS In differentiation-responsive AML cells, ATRA treatment induces long-lasting repression of Bcl-2 while first upmodulating and then reducing the Mcl-1 level. The Mcl-1 level appears to serve as a gatekeeper between differentiation and apoptosis. During differentiation induction, activation of MEK/ERK and PI3K/Akt pathways by ATRA leads to activation of p90RSK and inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), which increase Mcl-1 levels by increasing its translation and stability. Sorafenib blocks ATRA-induced Mcl-1 increase by reversing p90RSK activation and GSK3β inactivation, maintains the repressed Bcl-2 level, and enhances ATRA induced apoptosis in non-APL AML cell lines and in primary AML cells. CONCLUSIONS Inhibition of Mcl-1 is required for apoptosis induction in ATRA differentiation-responsive AML cells. ATRA and sorafenib can be developed as a novel drug combination therapy for AML patients because this drug combination augments apoptosis by inhibiting Bcl-2 and Mcl-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- The Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Lijuan Xia
- The Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Janice Gabrilove
- The Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Samuel Waxman
- The Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Yongkui Jing
- The Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Manzotti G, Parenti S, Ferrari-Amorotti G, Soliera AR, Cattelani S, Montanari M, Cavalli D, Ertel A, Grande A, Calabretta B. Monocyte-macrophage differentiation of acute myeloid leukemia cell lines by small molecules identified through interrogation of the Connectivity Map database. Cell Cycle 2015; 14:2578-89. [PMID: 26102293 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1033591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor C/EBPα is required for granulocytic differentiation of normal myeloid progenitors and is frequently inactivated in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. Ectopic expression of C/EBPα in AML cells suppresses proliferation and induces differentiation suggesting that restoring C/EBPα expression/activity in AML cells could be therapeutically useful. Unfortunately, current approaches of gene or protein delivery in leukemic cells are unsatisfactory. However, "drug repurposing" is becoming a very attractive strategy to identify potential new uses for existing drugs. In this study, we assessed the biological effects of candidate C/EBPα-mimetics identified by interrogation of the Connectivity Map database. We found that amantadine, an antiviral and anti-Parkinson agent, induced a monocyte-macrophage-like differentiation of HL60, U937, Kasumi-1 myeloid leukemia cell lines, as indicated by morphology and differentiation antigen expression, when used in combination with suboptimal concentration of all trans retinoic acid (ATRA) or Vit D3. The effect of amantadine depends, in part, on increased activity of the vitamin D receptor (VDR), since it induced VDR expression and amantadine-dependent monocyte-macrophage differentiation of HL60 cells was blocked by expression of dominant-negative VDR. These results reveal a new function for amantadine and support the concept that screening of the Connectivity Map database can identify small molecules that mimic the effect of transcription factors required for myelo-monocytic differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Manzotti
- a Department of Diagnostic and Clinical Medicine and Public Health ; University of Modena and R. Emilia ; Modena , Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Liu L, Liu L, Leung LH, Cooney AJ, Chen C, Rosengart TK, Ma Y, Yang J. Knockdown of SALL4 Protein Enhances All-trans Retinoic Acid-induced Cellular Differentiation in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:10599-609. [PMID: 25737450 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.634790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is a differentiation agent that revolutionized the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia. However, it has not been useful for other types of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Here we explored the effect of SALL4, a stem cell factor, on ATRA-induced AML differentiation in both ATRA-sensitive and ATRA-resistant AML cells. Aberrant SALL4 expression has been found in nearly all human AML cases, whereas, in normal bone marrow and peripheral blood cells, its expression is only restricted to hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. We reason that, in AMLs, SALL4 activation may prevent cell differentiation and/or protect self-renewal that is seen in normal hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Indeed, our studies show that ATRA-mediated myeloid differentiation can be largely blocked by exogenous expression of SALL4, whereas ATRA plus SALL4 knockdown causes significantly increased AML differentiation and cell death. Mechanistic studies indicate that SALL4 directly associates with retinoic acid receptor α and modulates ATRA target gene expression. SALL4 is shown to recruit lysine-specific histone demethylase 1 (LSD1) to target genes and alter the histone methylation status. Furthermore, coinhibition of LSD1 and SALL4 plus ATRA treatment exhibited the strongest anti-AML effect. These findings suggest that SALL4 plays an unfavorable role in ATRA-based regimes, highlighting an important aspect of leukemia therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- From the Departments of Surgery and
| | - Liang Liu
- the Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 519020, China, and
| | - Lai-Han Leung
- the Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 519020, China, and
| | - Austin J Cooney
- the Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Changyi Chen
- the Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Todd K Rosengart
- the Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Yupo Ma
- Pathology, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - Jianchang Yang
- From the Departments of Surgery and Pathology, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794,
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Unlocking the potential of retinoic acid in anticancer therapy. Br J Cancer 2014; 111:2039-45. [PMID: 25412233 PMCID: PMC4260020 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
All-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) is a physiologically active metabolite of vitamin A. Its antitumour activities have been extensively studied in a variety of model systems and clinical trials; however, to date the only malignancy responsive to ATRA treatment is acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) where it induces complete remission in the majority of cases when administered in combination with light chemotherapy and/or arsenic trioxide. After decades of studies, the efficacy of ATRA to treat other acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) subtypes and solid tumours remains poor. Recent studies directed to improve ATRA responsiveness in non-APL AML seem to indicate that the lack of effective ATRA response in these tumours may be primarily due to aberrant epigenetics, which negatively affect ATRA-regulated gene expression and its antileukaemic activity. Epigenetic reprogramming could potentially restore therapeutic effects of ATRA in all AML subtypes. This review discusses the current progresses in the understanding how ATRA can be utilised in the therapy of non-APL AML and other cancers.
Collapse
|
26
|
Sensitivity of MLL-rearranged AML cells to all-trans retinoic acid is associated with the level of H3K4me2 in the RARα promoter region. Blood Cancer J 2014; 4:e205. [PMID: 24769646 PMCID: PMC4003419 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2014.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is well established as differentiation therapy for acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) in which the PML-RARα (promyelocytic leukemia-retinoic acid receptor α) fusion protein causes blockade of the retinoic acid (RA) pathway; however, in types of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) other than APL, the mechanism of RA pathway inactivation is not fully understood. This study revealed the potential mechanism of high ATRA sensitivity of mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL)-AF9-positive AML compared with MLL-AF4/5q31-positive AML. Treatment with ATRA induced significant myeloid differentiation accompanied by upregulation of RARα, C/EBPα, C/EBPɛ and PU.1 in MLL-AF9-positive but not in MLL-AF4/5q31-positive cells. Combining ATRA with cytarabine had a synergistic antileukemic effect in MLL-AF9-positive cells in vitro. The level of dimethyl histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4me2) in the RARα gene-promoter region, PU.1 upstream regulatory region (URE) and RUNX1+24/+25 intronic enhancer was higher in MLL-AF9-positive cells than in MLL-AF4-positive cells, and inhibiting lysine-specific demethylase 1, which acts as a histone demethylase inhibitor, reactivated ATRA sensitivity in MLL-AF4-positive cells. These findings suggest that the level of H3K4me2 in the RARα gene-promoter region, PU.1 URE and RUNX1 intronic enhancer is determined by the MLL-fusion partner. Our findings provide insight into the mechanisms of ATRA sensitivity in AML and novel treatment strategies for ATRA-resistant AML.
Collapse
|
27
|
Gan-Lu-Yin Inhibits Proliferation and Migration of Murine WEHI-3 Leukemia Cells and Tumor Growth in BALB/C Allograft Tumor Model. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:684071. [PMID: 23573143 PMCID: PMC3613066 DOI: 10.1155/2013/684071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the antitumor effect of Gan-Lu-Yin (GLY), a traditional Chinese herbal formula, on leukemia. Ethanolic extract of GLY was applied to evaluate its regulatory mechanisms in proliferation, migration, and differentiation of WEHI-3 leukemic cells as well as antitumor effect on BALB/c mice model. The results showed that GLY markedly reduced cell proliferation and migration with induced differentiation of WEHI-3 cells. The expression level of phosphorylated FAK, Akt, ERK1/2, and Rb was decreased p21 expression while level was increased in WEHI-3 treated with GLY. The results of cell cycle analysis revealed that GLY treatment could markedly induce G1 phase arrest and decrease cell population in S phase. Moreover, experimental results demonstrated that GLY decreased the protein expression and enzyme activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9. GLY treatment also reduced WEHI-3 leukemic infiltration in liver and spleen and tumor growth in animal model. Accordingly, GLY demonstrated an inhibitory effect on tumor growth with a regulatory mechanism partially through inhibiting FAK, Akt, and ERK expression in WEHI-3 cells. GLY may provide a promising antileukemic approach in the clinical application.
Collapse
|
28
|
Chen F, Zhou K, Zhang L, Ma F, Chen D, Cui J, Feng X, Yang S, Chi Y, Han Z, Xue F, Rong L, Ge M, Wan L, Xu S, Du W, Lu S, Ren H, Han Z. Mesenchymal stem cells induce granulocytic differentiation of acute promyelocytic leukemic cells via IL-6 and MEK/ERK pathways. Stem Cells Dev 2013; 22:1955-67. [PMID: 23391335 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2012.0621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) induces clinical remission in most acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) patients by inducing terminal differentiation of APL cells toward mature granulocytes. Here we report that human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) are capable of inducing granulocytic differentiation of the APL-derived NB4 cell line as well as primary APL cells and also cooperate with ATRA in an additive manner. Transwell coculture experiments revealed that UC-MSCs' differentiation-inducing effect was mediated through some soluble factors. Differentiation attenuation by IL-6Ra neutralization and induction by addition of exogenous IL-6 confirmed that IL-6 secreted by UC-MSCs was at least partially responsible for this differentiation induction process. Moreover, we found that UC-MSCs activated the MEK/ERK signaling pathway in promyelocytic cells and pharmacological inhibition of the MEK/ERK pathway reversed UC-MSC-induced differentiation, indicating that UC-MSCs exerted effect through activation of the MEK/ERK signaling pathway. These results demonstrate for the first time a stimulatory effect of MSCs on the differentiation of APL cells and bring a new insight into the interaction between MSCs and leukemic cells. Our data suggest that UC-MSCs/ATRA combination could be used as a novel therapeutic strategy for APL patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells, Institute of Hematology and Hospital of Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Multiplexed mAbs: a new strategy in preclinical time-domain imaging of acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 2012; 121:e34-42. [PMID: 23243270 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-05-429555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibodies play a fundamental role in diagnostic immunophenotyping of leukemias and in cell-targeting therapy. However, this versatility is not reflected in imaging diagnostics. In the present study, we labeled anti–human mAbs monochromatically against selected human myeloid markers expressed on acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells, all with the same near-infrared fluorochrome. In a novel “multiplexing” strategy, we then combined these mAbs to overcome the limiting target-to-background ratio to image multiple xenografts of AML. Time-domain imaging was used to discriminate autofluorescence from the distinct fluorophore-conjugated antibodies. Imaging with multiplexed mAbs demonstrated superior imaging of AML to green fluorescent protein or bioluminescence and permitted evaluation of therapeutic efficacy with the standard combination of anthracycline and cytarabine in primary patient xenografts. Multiplexing mAbs against CD11b and CD11c provided surrogate imaging biomarkers of differentiation therapy in an acute promyelocytic leukemia model treated with all-trans retinoic acid combined with the histone-deacetylase inhibitor valproic acid. We present herein an optimizedapplication of multiplexed immunolabeling in vivo for optical imaging of AML cellxenografts that provides reproducible, highly accurate disease staging and monitoring of therapeutic effects.
Collapse
|
30
|
Retinoid differentiation therapy for common types of acute myeloid leukemia. LEUKEMIA RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2012; 2012:939021. [PMID: 23213553 PMCID: PMC3504222 DOI: 10.1155/2012/939021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Many cancers arise in a tissue stem cell, and cell differentiation is impaired resulting in an accumulation of immature cells. The introduction of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) in 1987 to treat acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), a rare subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), pioneered a new approach to obtain remission in malignancies by restoring the terminal maturation of leukemia cells resulting in these cells having a limited lifespan. Differentiation therapy also offers the prospect of a less aggressive treatment by virtue of attenuated growth of leukemia cells coupled to limited damage to normal cells. The success of ATRA in differentiation therapy of APL is well known. However, ATRA does not work in non-APL AML. Here we examine some of the molecular pathways towards new retinoid-based differentiation therapy of non-APL AML. Prospects include modulation of the epigenetic status of ATRA-insensitive AML cells, agents that influence intracellular signalling events that are provoked by ATRA, and the use of novel synthetic retinoids.
Collapse
|
31
|
Huai L, Wang C, Zhang C, Li Q, Chen Y, Jia Y, Li Y, Xing H, Tian Z, Rao Q, Wang M, Wang J. Metformin induces differentiation in acute promyelocytic leukemia by activating the MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 422:398-404. [PMID: 22575507 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that metformin, a widely used antidiabetic agent, may reduce the risk of cancer development. In this study, we investigated the antitumoral effect of metformin on both acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cells. Metformin induced apoptosis with partial differentiation in an APL cell line, NB4, but only displayed a proapoptotic effect on several non-M3 AML cell lines. Further analysis revealed that a strong synergistic effect existed between metformin and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) during APL cell maturation and that metformin induced the hyperphosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in APL cells. U0126, a specific MEK/ERK activation inhibitor, abrogated metformin-induced differentiation. Finally, we found that metformin induced the degradation of the oncoproteins PML-RARα and c-Myc and activated caspase-3. In conclusion, these results suggest that metformin treatment may contribute to the enhancement of ATRA-induced differentiation in APL, which may deepen the understanding of APL maturation and thus provide insight for new therapy strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Huai
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wen CL, Teng CL, Chiang CH, Chang CC, Hwang WL, Kuo CL, Hsu SL. Methanol extract of Antrodia cinnamomea mycelia induces phenotypic and functional differentiation of HL60 into monocyte-like cells via an ERK/CEBP-β signaling pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 19:424-435. [PMID: 22293124 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2011.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2011] [Revised: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Antrodia cinnamomea (named as Niu-chang-chih), a well-known Taiwanese folk medicinal mushroom, has a spectrum of biological activities, especially with anti-tumor property. This study was carried out for the first time to examine the potential role and the underlying mechanisms of A. cinnamomea in the differentiation of human leukemia HL60 cells. We found that the methanol extract of liquid cultured mycelia of A. cinnamomea (MEMAC) inhibited proliferation and induced G1-phase cell cycle arrest in HL60 cells. MEMAC could induce differentiation of HL60 cells into the monocytic lineage, as evaluated by the morphological change, nitroblue tetrazolium reduction assay, non-specific esterase assay, and expression of CD14 and CD11b surface antigens. In addition, MEMAC activated the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway and increased CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ) expression. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that MEMAC upregulated the expression of C/EBPβ and CD14 mRNA in HL60 cells. DNA affinity precipitation assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses indicated that MEMAC enhanced the direct binding of C/EBPβ to its response element located at upstream of the CD14 promoter. Furthermore, inhibiting ERK pathway activation with PD98059 markedly blocked MEMAC-induced HL60 monocytic differentiation. Consistently, the MEMAC-mediated upregulation of C/EBPβ and CD14 was also suppressed by PD98059. These findings demonstrate that MEMAC-induced HL60 cell monocytic differentiation is via the activating ERK signaling pathway, and downstream upregulating the transcription factor C/EBPβ and differentiation marker CD14 gene, suggesting that MEMAC might be a potential differentiation-inducing agent for treatment of leukemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Luan Wen
- Taiwan Seed Improvement and Propagation Station, Council of Agriculture, Propagation Technology Section, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Schenk T, Chen WC, Göllner S, Howell L, Jin L, Hebestreit K, Klein HU, Popescu AC, Burnett A, Mills K, Casero RA, Marton L, Woster P, Minden MD, Dugas M, Wang JCY, Dick JE, Müller-Tidow C, Petrie K, Zelent A. Inhibition of the LSD1 (KDM1A) demethylase reactivates the all-trans-retinoic acid differentiation pathway in acute myeloid leukemia. Nat Med 2012; 18:605-11. [PMID: 22406747 DOI: 10.1038/nm.2661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 512] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), a cytogenetically distinct subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), characterized by the t(15;17)-associated PML-RARA fusion, has been successfully treated with therapy utilizing all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) to differentiate leukemic blasts. However, among patients with non-APL AML, ATRA-based treatment has not been effective. Here we show that, through epigenetic reprogramming, inhibitors of lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1, also called KDM1A), including tranylcypromine (TCP), unlocked the ATRA-driven therapeutic response in non-APL AML. LSD1 inhibition did not lead to a large-scale increase in histone 3 Lys4 dimethylation (H3K4(me2)) across the genome, but it did increase H3K4(me2) and expression of myeloid-differentiation-associated genes. Notably, treatment with ATRA plus TCP markedly diminished the engraftment of primary human AML cells in vivo in nonobese diabetic (NOD)-severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice, suggesting that ATRA in combination with TCP may target leukemia-initiating cells. Furthermore, initiation of ATRA plus TCP treatment 15 d after engraftment of human AML cells in NOD-SCID γ (with interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor γ chain deficiency) mice also revealed the ATRA plus TCP drug combination to have a potent anti-leukemic effect that was superior to treatment with either drug alone. These data identify LSD1 as a therapeutic target and strongly suggest that it may contribute to AML pathogenesis by inhibiting the normal pro-differentiative function of ATRA, paving the way for new combinatorial therapies for AML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tino Schenk
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Chaudhry P, Yang X, Wagner M, Jong A, Wu L. Retinoid-regulated FGF8f secretion by osteoblasts bypasses retinoid stimuli to mediate granulocytic differentiation of myeloid leukemia cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2011; 11:267-76. [PMID: 22135230 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-11-0584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Signaling from the human hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niche formed by osteoblastic cells regulates hematopoiesis. We previously found that retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARα), a transcription factor activated by retinoic acid (RA), mediates both granulocytic and osteoblastic differentiation. This effect depends on decreased phosphorylation of serine 77 of RARα (RARαS77) by the cyclin-dependent kinase-activating kinase (CAK) complex, a key cell-cycle regulator. In this article, we report that, by suppressing CAK phosphorylation of RARα, RA induces FGF8f to mediate osteosarcoma U2OS cell differentiation in an autocrine manner. By contrast, paracrine FGF8f secreted into osteoblast-conditioned medium by U2OS cells transduced with FGF8f or a phosphorylation-defective RARαS77 mutant, RARαS77A, bypasses RA stimuli to cross-mediate granulocytic differentiation of different types of human leukemic myeloblasts and normal primitive hematopoietic CD34(+) cells, possibly through modulating mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. Further experiments using recombinant human FGF8f (rFGF8f) stimuli, antibody neutralization, and peptide blocking showed that paracrine FGF8f is required for mediating terminal leukemic myeloblast differentiation. These studies indicate a novel regulatory mechanism of granulocytic differentiation instigated by RA from the HSC niche, which links loss of CAK phosphorylation of RARα with paracrine FGF8f-mediated MAPK signaling to mediate leukemic myeloblast differentiation in the absence of RA. Therefore, these findings provide a compelling molecular rationale for further investigation of paracrine FGF8f regulation, with the intent of devising HSC niche-based FGF8f therapeutics for myeloid leukemia, with or without RA-resistance.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Culture Media, Conditioned/pharmacology
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinases/metabolism
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 8/genetics
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 8/metabolism
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 8/pharmacology
- Granulocytes/drug effects
- Granulocytes/metabolism
- Granulocytes/pathology
- HL-60 Cells
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/drug effects
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Nude
- Mice, SCID
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Mutation
- Osteoblasts/drug effects
- Osteoblasts/metabolism
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Protein Isoforms/genetics
- Protein Isoforms/metabolism
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/genetics
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/metabolism
- Retinoic Acid Receptor alpha
- Retinoids/pharmacology
- Stem Cell Niche/drug effects
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase-Activating Kinase
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parvesh Chaudhry
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Duong V, Rochette-Egly C. The molecular physiology of nuclear retinoic acid receptors. From health to disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2011; 1812:1023-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2010.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2010] [Accepted: 10/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
36
|
Cassinat B, Zassadowski F, Ferry C, Llopis L, Bruck N, Lainey E, Duong V, Cras A, Despouy G, Chourbagi O, Beinse G, Fenaux P, Rochette Egly C, Chomienne C. New role for granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 in histone modification and retinoic acid receptor α recruitment to gene promoters: relevance to acute promyelocytic leukemia cell differentiation. Mol Cell Biol 2011; 31:1409-18. [PMID: 21262770 PMCID: PMC3135284 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00756-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The induction of the granulocytic differentiation of leukemic cells by all-trans retinoic acid (RA) has been a major breakthrough in terms of survival for acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) patients. Here we highlight the synergism and the underlying novel mechanism between RA and the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) to restore differentiation of RA-refractory APL blasts. First, we show that in RA-refractory APL cells (UF-1 cell line), PML-RA receptor alpha (RARα) is not released from target promoters in response to RA, resulting in the maintenance of chromatin repression. Consequently, RARα cannot be recruited, and the RA target genes are not activated. We then deciphered how the combination of G-CSF and RA successfully restored the activation of RA target genes to levels achieved in RA-sensitive APL cells. We demonstrate that G-CSF restores RARα recruitment to target gene promoters through the activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and the subsequent derepression of chromatin. Thus, combinatorial activation of cytokines and RARs potentiates transcriptional activity through epigenetic modifications induced by specific signaling pathways.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly/drug effects
- Enzyme Activation/drug effects
- Enzyme Induction/drug effects
- Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/biosynthesis
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic/drug effects
- Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor/pharmacology
- Histones/metabolism
- Humans
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/enzymology
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/pathology
- MAP Kinase Signaling System/drug effects
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3/biosynthesis
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 6/biosynthesis
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- Protein Binding/drug effects
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational/drug effects
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/metabolism
- Retinoic Acid Receptor alpha
- Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
- Tretinoin/pharmacology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Cassinat
- INSERM UMR-S-940, Université Paris Diderot, Hopital Saint-Louis, 75010 Paris, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Skavland J, Jørgensen KM, Hadziavdic K, Hovland R, Jonassen I, Bruserud O, Gjertsen BT. Specific cellular signal-transduction responses to in vivo combination therapy with ATRA, valproic acid and theophylline in acute myeloid leukemia. Blood Cancer J 2011; 1:e4. [PMID: 22829110 PMCID: PMC3255270 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2011.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Revised: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 01/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) frequently comprises mutations in genes that cause perturbation in intracellular signaling pathways, thereby altering normal responses to growth factors and cytokines. Such oncogenic cellular signal transduction may be therapeutic if targeted directly or through epigenetic regulation. We treated 24 selected elderly AML patients with all-trans retinoic acid for 2 days before adding theophylline and the histone deacetylase inhibitor valproic acid (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00175812; EudraCT no. 2004-001663-22), and sampled 11 patients for peripheral blood at day 0, 2 and 7 for single-cell analysis of basal level and signal-transduction responses to relevant myeloid growth factors (granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte/macrophage-colony-stimulating factor, interleukin-3, Flt3L, stem cell factor, erythropoietin, CXCL-12) on 10 signaling molecules (CREB, STAT1/3/5, p38, Erk1/2, Akt, c-Cbl, ZAP70/Syk and rpS6). Pretreatment analysis by unsupervised clustering and principal component analysis divided the patients into three distinguishable signaling clusters (non-potentiated, potentiated basal and potentiated signaling). Signal-transduction pathways were modulated during therapy and patients moved between the clusters. Patients with multiple leukemic clones demonstrated distinct stimulation responses and therapy-induced modulation. Individual signaling profiles together with clinical and hematological information may be used to early identify AML patients in whom epigenetic and signal-transduction targeted therapy is beneficial.
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
Retinoids are ubiquitous signaling molecules that influence nearly every cell type, exert profound effects on development, and complement cancer chemotherapeutic regimens. All-trans retinoic acid (RA) and other active retinoids are generated from vitamin A (retinol), but key aspects of the signaling pathways required to produce active retinoids remain unclear. Retinoids generated by one cell type can affect nearby cells, so retinoids also function in intercellular communication. RA induces differentiation primarily by binding to RARs, transcription factors that associate with RXRs and bind RAREs in the nucleus. Binding of RA: (1) initiates changes in interactions of RAR/RXRs with co-repressor and co-activator proteins, activating transcription of primary target genes; (2) alters interactions with proteins that induce epigenetic changes; (3) induces transcription of genes encoding transcription factors and signaling proteins that further modify gene expression (e.g., FOX03A, Hoxa1, Sox9, TRAIL, UBE2D3); and (4) results in alterations in estrogen receptor α signaling. Proteins that bind at or near RAREs include Sin3a, N-CoR1, PRAME, Trim24, NRIP1, Ajuba, Zfp423, and MN1/TEL. Interactions among retinoids, RARs/RXRs, and these proteins explain in part the powerful effects of retinoids on stem cell differentiation. Studies of this retinol signaling cascade enhance our ability to understand and regulate stem cell differentiation for therapeutic and scientific purposes. In cancer chemotherapeutic regimens retinoids can promote tumor cell differentiation and/or induce proteins that sensitize tumors to drug combinations. Mechanistic studies of retinoid signaling continue to suggest novel drug targets and will improve therapeutic strategies for cancer and other diseases, such as immune-mediated inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine J Gudas
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York 10065, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
The fusion oncogene, promyelocytic leukaemia (PML)-retinoic acid receptor-α (RARA), initiates acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) through both a block to differentiation and increased self-renewal of leukaemic progenitor cells. The current standard of care is retinoic acid (RA) and chemotherapy, but arsenic trioxide also cures many patients with APL, and an RA plus arsenic trioxide combination cures most patients. This Review discusses the recent evidence that reveals surprising new insights into how RA and arsenic trioxide cure this leukaemia, by targeting PML-RARα for degradation. Drug-triggered oncoprotein degradation may be a strategy that is applicable to many cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hugues de Thé
- Institut National de Santé et de Recherche Médicale, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Université Paris-Diderot UMR 944/7212, Equipe labellisée par Ligue contre Cancer, Service de Biochimie, Hôpital St. Louis, 2 avenue C. Vellefaux, 75475 Paris, CEDEX 10, France.
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Savickiene J, Treigyte G, Vistartaite G, Tunaitis V, Magnusson KE, Navakauskiene R. C/EBPα and PU.1 are involved in distinct differentiation responses of acute promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 and NB4 cells via chromatin remodeling. Differentiation 2010; 81:57-67. [PMID: 20864248 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2010.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2010] [Revised: 06/09/2010] [Accepted: 08/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
C/EBPα and PU.1 are the basic transcription factors that control differentiation-related genes, including granulocyte- colony-stimulating factor (G-CSFR) and human neutrophil elastase (HNE). Here, we analyzed a role of C/EBPα and PU.1 in human acute leukemia cell lines, HL-60 and NB4, in association with a modified chromatin structure by histone deacetylase inhibitors, FK228, sodium phenyl butyrate and vitamin B3. We found that sodium phenyl butyrate alone and 6h-pretreatment with phenyl butyrate or FK228 before the induction of differentiation with all-trans-retinoic acid in the presence of vitamin B3 effectively accelerated and enhanced differentiation to granulocytes in HL-60 but not in NB4 cells as detected by NBT test and the expression of CD11b and CD114 (G-CSFR) using flow cytometric analysis. HDACIs induced a time- and dose-dependent accumulation of hyper-acetylated histone H4 in both cell lines with the delay in NB4 cells. Time-dependent different induction of HL-60 and NB4 cell differentiation was paralleled by the activation of C/EBPα and PU.1 binding to the G-CSFR and the HNE promoters in electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis revealed histone H4 acetylation in the G-CSF receptor promoter at the C/EBPα binding site in HL-60 but not in NB4 cells under the combined treatment. The results indicate that epigenetic events, such as histone acetylation, are involved in the activity modulation of the key transcription factors responsible for the induction of granulocytic differentiation in promyelocytic leukemia cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jurate Savickiene
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Mokslininkų 12, LT-08662, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Fernández-Calotti P, Pastor-Anglada M. All-trans-retinoic acid promotes trafficking of human concentrative nucleoside transporter-3 (hCNT3) to the plasma membrane by a TGF-beta1-mediated mechanism. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:13589-98. [PMID: 20172853 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.055673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Human concentrative nucleoside transporter-3 (hCNT3) is a sodium-coupled nucleoside transporter that exhibits high affinity and broad substrate selectivity, making it the most suitable candidate for mediating the uptake and cytotoxic action of most nucleoside-derived drugs. The drug of this class most commonly used in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the pro-apoptotic nucleoside analog fludarabine (Flu), which enters CLL cells primarily through human equilibrative nucleoside transporters (hENTs). Although CLL cells lack hCNT3 activity, they do express this transporter protein, which is located mostly in the cytosol. The aim of our study was to identify agents and mechanisms capable of promoting hCNT3 trafficking to the plasma membrane. Here, we report that all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), currently used in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), increases hCNT3-related activity through a mechanism that involves trafficking of pre-existing hCNT3 proteins to the plasma membrane. This effect is mediated by the autocrine action of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1, which is transcriptionally activated by ATRA in a p38-dependent manner. TGF-beta1 acts through activation of ERK1/2 and the small GTPase RhoA to promote plasma membrane trafficking of the hCNT3 protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Fernández-Calotti
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, the Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona, and CIBER EHD, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Since the 1970s, the concept of differentiation therapy has been viewed as a promising and revolutionary approach for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and other cancers. However, the successful clinical application of differentiation therapy has only been realized since the late 1980s and only in one subtype of AML, acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). The use of all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide, both of which induce degradation of the progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy/retinoic acid receptor alpha oncoprotein, in combination with chemotherapy is currently the accepted treatment of APL, presenting a potential paradigm for differentiation therapy in clinical oncology. RECENT FINDINGS We have begun to understand why ATRA fails to induce differentiation in AML. The underlying reasons identified thus far are associated with an inability to target the removal of leukemogenic fusion proteins, aberrant epigenetic regulation of genes involved in the ATRA signaling pathway and the presence of factors that interfere with proper retinoic acid receptor alpha function. SUMMARY Here, we examine the reasons why the exquisite sensitivity of APL to ATRA-based differentiation therapy has not been extended to other of AML subtypes. Current differentiation-based combinatorial approaches to target AML will also be analyzed. Finally, we will evaluate the potential of novel strategies, high-throughput screening, and functional genomics to uncover new differentiation-based therapies for AML.
Collapse
|
43
|
Patties I, Jahns J, Hildebrandt G, Kortmann RD, Glasow A. Additive effects of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine and irradiation on clonogenic survival of human medulloblastoma cell lines. Strahlenther Onkol 2009; 185:331-8. [PMID: 19440673 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-009-1956-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2008] [Accepted: 02/12/2009] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE In recent years, epigenetic modulators were introduced into tumor therapy. Here, the authors investigated the antitumor effect of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine-(5-aza-dC-)induced demethylation combined with irradiation on human medulloblastoma (MB) cells, which form the most common malignant brain tumor in children. MATERIAL AND METHODS Three MB cell lines were treated with 5-aza-dC in a low-dose (0.1 microM, 6 days) or high-dose (3/5 microM, 3 days) setting and irradiated with 2, 4, 6, or 8 Gy single dose on an X-ray unit. Methylation status and mRNA expression of three candidate genes were analyzed by methylation-specific PCR (polymerase chain reaction) and quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Cell survival and mortality were determined by trypan blue exclusion test. Proliferation was analyzed by BrdU incorporation assay, and long-term cell survival was assessed by clonogenic assay. RESULTS 5-aza-dC treatment resulted in partial promoter demethylation and increased expression of hypermethylated candidate genes. A significant decrease of vital cell count, proliferation inhibition and increase of mortality was observed in 5-aza-dC-treated as well as in irradiated MB cells, whereby combination of both treatments led to additive effects. Although high-dose 5-aza-dC treatment was more effective in terms of demethylation, clonogenic assay revealed no differences between high- and low-dose settings indicating no relevance of 5-aza-dC-induced demethylation for decreased cell survival. MB cells pretreated with 5-aza-dC showed significantly lower plating efficiencies than untreated cells at all irradiation doses investigated. Analysis of surviving curves in irradiated MB cells, however, revealed no significant differences of alpha-, beta-values and 2-Gy surviving fraction with or without 5-aza-dC treatment. CONCLUSION 5-aza-dC did not enhance radiation sensitivity of MB cells but significantly reduced the clonogenicity versus irradiation alone, which merits further investigation of its potential clinical application in MB possibly by combination with other chemotherapeutic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ina Patties
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig AöR, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
The retinoic acid receptor (RAR) α gene (RARA) encodes 2 major isoforms and mediates positive effects of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on myelomonocytic differentiation. Expression of the ATRA-inducible (RARα2) isoform increases with myelomonocytic differentiation and appears to be down-regulated in many acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines. Here, we demonstrate that relative to normal myeloid stem/progenitor cells, RARα2 expression is dramatically reduced in primary AML blasts. Expression of the RARα1 isoform is also significantly reduced in primary AML cells, but not in AML cell lines. Although the promoters directing expression of RARα1 and RARα2 are respectively unmethylated and methylated in AML cell lines, these regulatory regions are unmethylated in all the AML patient cell samples analyzed. Moreover, in primary AML cells, histones associated with the RARα2 promoter possessed diminished levels of H3 acetylation and lysine 4 methylation. These results underscore the complexities of the mechanisms responsible for deregulation of gene expression in AML and support the notion that diminished RARA expression contributes to leukemogenesis.
Collapse
|
45
|
Cimino G, Lo-Coco F, Fenu S, Travaglini L, Finolezzi E, Mancini M, Nanni M, Careddu A, Fazi F, Padula F, Fiorini R, Spiriti MAA, Petti MC, Venditti A, Amadori S, Mandelli F, Pelicci PG, Nervi C. Sequential valproic acid/all-trans retinoic acid treatment reprograms differentiation in refractory and high-risk acute myeloid leukemia. Cancer Res 2007; 66:8903-11. [PMID: 16951208 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-2726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic alterations of chromatin due to aberrant histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity and transcriptional silencing of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) pathway are events linked to the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) that can be targeted by specific treatments. A pilot study was carried out in eight refractory or high-risk AML patients not eligible for intensive therapy to assess the biological and therapeutic activities of the HDAC inhibitor valproic acid (VPA) used to remodel chromatin, followed by the addition of ATRA, to activate gene transcription and differentiation in leukemic cells. Hyperacetylation of histones H3 and H4 was detectable at therapeutic VPA serum levels (>or=50 microg/mL) in blood mononuclear cells from seven of eight patients. This correlated with myelomonocytic differentiation of leukemic cells as revealed by morphologic, cytochemical, immunophenotypic, and gene expression analyses. Differentiation of the leukemic clone was proven by fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis showing the cytogenetic lesion +8 or 7q- in differentiating cells. Hematologic improvement, according to established criteria for myelodysplastic syndromes, was observed in two cases. Stable disease and disease progression were observed in five and one cases, respectively. In conclusion, VPA-ATRA treatment is well tolerated and induces phenotypic changes of AML blasts through chromatin remodeling. Further studies are needed to evaluate whether VPA-ATRA treatment by reprogramming differentiation of the leukemic clone might improve the response to chemotherapy in leukemia patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Cimino
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology and Hematology, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Johnson DE. Src family kinases and the MEK/ERK pathway in the regulation of myeloid differentiation and myeloid leukemogenesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 48:98-112. [PMID: 18155170 DOI: 10.1016/j.advenzreg.2007.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Johnson
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 5117 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-1863, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Src-family kinases play an essential role in differentiation signaling downstream of macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptors mediating persistent phosphorylation of phospholipase C-gamma2 and MAP kinases ERK1 and ERK2. Leukemia 2007; 22:161-9. [PMID: 17972959 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) has been found to be involved in multiple developmental processes, especially production of cells belonging to the mononuclear phagocyte system. The decision of myeloid progenitor cells to commit to differentiation depends on activation levels of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), ERK1 and ERK2. Using the murine myeloid progenitor cell line FD-Fms, we show here that persistent activity of Src-family kinases (SFK) is necessary for FD-Fms cell differentiation to macrophages in response to M-CSF. Chemical inhibition of SFK blocked FD-Fms cell differentiation while it caused strong inhibition of the late phosphorylation of phospholipase C (PLC)-gamma2 and MAPK. The PLC inhibitor U73122, previously shown to block M-CSF-induced differentiation, strongly decreased long-term MAPK phosphorylation. Interestingly, inhibiting SFK with SU6656 or the MAPK kinases MEK with U0126 significantly impaired development of mononuclear phagocytes in cultures of mouse bone marrow cells stimulated with M-CSF. Collectively, results support a model in which SFK are required for sustained PLC activity and MAPK activation above threshold required for commitment of myeloid progenitors to macrophage differentiation.
Collapse
|
48
|
Lu Y, Kitaura J, Oki T, Komeno Y, Ozaki K, Kiyono M, Kumagai H, Nakajima H, Nosaka T, Aburatani H, Kitamura T. Identification of TSC-22 as a potential tumor suppressor that is upregulated by Flt3-D835V but not Flt3-ITD. Leukemia 2007; 21:2246-57. [PMID: 17690703 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta)-stimulated clone-22 (TSC-22) was originally isolated as a TGF-beta-inducible gene. In this study, we identified TSC-22 as a potential leukemia suppressor. Two types of FMS-like tyrosine kinase-3 (Flt3) mutations are frequently found in acute myeloid leukemia: Flt3-ITD harboring an internal tandem duplication in the juxtamembrane domain associated with poor prognosis and Flt3-TKD harboring a point mutation in the kinase domain. Comparison of gene expression profiles between Flt3-ITD- and Flt3-TKD-transduced Ba/F3 cells revealed that constitutive activation of Flt3 by Flt3-TKD, but not Flt3-ITD, upregulated the expression of TSC-22. Importantly, treatment with an Flt3 inhibitor PKC412 or an Flt3 small interfering RNA decreased the expression level of TSC-22 in Flt3-TKD-transduced cells. Forced expression of TSC-22 suppressed the growth and accelerated the differentiation of several leukemia cell lines into monocytes, in particular, in combination with differentiation-inducing reagents. On the other hand, a dominant-negative form of TSC-22 accelerated the growth of Flt3-TKD-transduced 32Dcl.3 cells. Collectively, these results suggest that TSC-22 is a possible target of leukemia therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Lu
- Division of Cellular Therapy, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
The production of mature, differentiated myeloid cells is regulated by the action of hematopoietic cytokines on progenitor cells in the bone marrow. Cytokines drive the process of myeloid differentiation by binding to specific cell-surface receptors in a stage- and lineage-specific manner. Following the binding of a cytokine to its cognate receptor, intracellular signal-transduction pathways become activated that facilitate the myeloid differentiation process. These intracellular signaling pathways may promote myelopoiesis by stimulating expansion of a progenitor pool, supporting cellular survival during the differentiation process, or by directly driving the phenotypic changes associated with differentiation. Ultimately, pathways that drive the differentiation process converge on myeloid transcription factors, including PU.1 and the C/EBP family, that are critical for differentiation to proceed. While much is known about the cytokines, cytokine receptors and transcription factors that regulate myeloid differentiation, less is known about the precise roles that specific signaling mediators play in promoting myeloid differentiation. Recently, however, the application of novel pharmacologic inhibitors, siRNA strategies, and transgenic and knockout models has begun to shed light on the involvement and function of signaling pathways in normal myeloid differentiation. This review will discuss the roles that key signaling pathways and mediators play in myeloid differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M B Miranda
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh and the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Vitoux D, Nasr R, de The H. Acute promyelocytic leukemia: New issues on pathogenesis and treatment response. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2007; 39:1063-70. [PMID: 17468032 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2007.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2006] [Revised: 12/21/2006] [Accepted: 01/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenesis of acute promyelocytic leukemia appears to be one of the best understood among human malignancies. The ability of retinoic acid (RA) and arsenic trioxide to directly target the oncogenic promyelocytic leukemia-retinoic receptor A (PML-RARA) fusion protein also made this disease the first model for oncogene-targeted therapies. A set of recent data has significantly increased the complexity of our view of acute promyelocytic leukemia pathogenesis, as well as of therapeutic response. This review summarizes and discusses these findings, which yield novels questions and models.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Arsenic Trioxide
- Arsenicals/pharmacology
- Arsenicals/therapeutic use
- Humans
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/pathology
- Models, Biological
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/antagonists & inhibitors
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/metabolism
- Oxides/pharmacology
- Oxides/therapeutic use
- Tretinoin/pharmacology
- Tretinoin/therapeutic use
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Vitoux
- CNRS UMR 7151, Université Paris 7, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Hôpital Saint-Louis (APHP), 1 av Claude Vellefaux, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|